Abordagens da Administração - Abordagem Clássica

Summary

This video lecture introduces the Classical Approach in management, focusing on two key subdivisions: Scientific Management and Classical Theory. The speaker explains how the evolution of administration emerged alongside the industrial revolution, with an emphasis on increasing productivity, organizing tasks, and reducing waste. Key figures like Taylor and Fayol are discussed, with Taylor's focus on operational efficiency and task management, while Fayol's theory emphasizes the structure and functions of management. The video aims to clarify the concepts for students, particularly those preparing for exams in administrative theory.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Classical Approach to management includes two key subfields: Scientific Management and Classical Theory, both focused on improving organizational efficiency and productivity.
• 😀 Scientific Management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, emphasizes operational efficiency through task specialization, standardization of processes, and financial incentives for productivity.
• 😀 Taylor’s main focus was on eliminating unnecessary tasks and improving efficiency by analyzing the best ways to perform work, such as through time and motion studies.
• 😀 Key figures in Scientific Management include Taylor and Henry Ford, the latter revolutionizing production with the assembly line (Fordism).
• 😀 Classical Theory, attributed to Henri Fayol, focuses on organizational structure and managerial principles at the strategic and tactical levels rather than individual tasks.
• 😀 Fayol introduced five core management functions: Forecasting, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling, emphasizing planning and coordination at higher organizational levels.
• 😀 Fayol also proposed 14 principles of management, including work division, authority-responsibility balance, and unity of command, which guide managerial decision-making.
• 😀 The key distinction between Taylor and Fayol lies in their focus: Taylor focused on the efficiency of tasks at the operational level, while Fayol emphasized overall organizational structure and management processes.
• 😀 Both Scientific Management and Classical Theory emerged during the Industrial Revolution, addressing the need for more organized and efficient management as businesses grew rapidly.
• 😀 The Classical Approach played a foundational role in the development of management as a formal discipline, influencing later theories and practices in management education and business operations.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the Classical Approach in management?

The Classical Approach in management focuses on increasing productivity by reducing waste and improving efficiency, primarily through task organization and structure within organizations.

What are the two main theories within the Classical Approach to management?

The two main theories are Scientific Management, which focuses on tasks and operational efficiency, and Classical Theory, which emphasizes organizational structure and strategic management.

How do the theories of Scientific Management and Classical Theory differ?

Scientific Management, associated with Taylor, focuses on task efficiency at the operational level, while Classical Theory, associated with Fayol, focuses on organizational structure and management at the strategic and tactical levels.

What is the significance of 'task standardization' in Scientific Management?

Task standardization in Scientific Management aims to optimize efficiency by creating uniform methods and tools for tasks, reducing waste, and improving productivity.

Who were the key figures in Scientific Management and Classical Theory?

The key figure in Scientific Management is Frederick Taylor, and the key figure in Classical Theory is Henri Fayol.

What is the main difference between 'prevision' and 'planning' in Fayol's Theory?

In Fayol's Theory, 'prevision' refers to forecasting the future and creating a plan based on a more certain outlook, while 'planning' generally involves organizing and setting goals for the future based on broader uncertainties.

What was the role of engineers in the development of Scientific Management?

Engineers played a key role in Scientific Management by introducing the rationality and efficiency of engineering principles into organizational management, focusing on optimizing task performance and reducing human fatigue.

How did the Classical Approach view the role of workers in an organization?

In the Classical Approach, workers were viewed as economic beings or 'machines' whose primary role was to perform tasks efficiently, with minimal concern for their personal well-being or psychological factors.

What is meant by the 'division of labor' in Fayol's management principles?

The 'division of labor' in Fayol's principles refers to the systematic breakdown of tasks into smaller, specialized parts to improve efficiency and expertise within an organization.

How does the Classical Approach address organizational efficiency?

The Classical Approach emphasizes the need for a well-defined structure within an organization, with clear roles and responsibilities at all levels to achieve greater efficiency, particularly at the top management levels.