A REVOLUÇÃO FRANCESA EM 5 MINUTOS! - Débora Aladim

Summary

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a pivotal event that ended absolute monarchy and established the French Republic. Sparked by economic hardship and social inequality, it began with the storming of the Bastille and led to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The revolution saw the rise and fall of political factions like the Girondins and Jacobins, with the latter implementing the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. After the king's execution and a series of unstable governments, the revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, consolidating many of the revolution's ideals.

Takeaways

• 😀 The French Revolution occurred between 1789 and 1799, marking a significant transition from absolute monarchy to the establishment of the Republic in France.
• 😀 The French society was under the Old Regime, where the king held absolute power and the clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes.
• 😀 Economic crisis, famine, and France’s involvement in unsuccessful wars led to widespread discontent and protests among the population.
• 😀 The Third Estate, representing the common people, broke away and formed the National Assembly, demanding a constitution for France.
• 😀 The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, symbolized the collapse of the old regime and the beginning of the revolution.
• 😀 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, proclaimed in 1789, outlined ideals like equality, individual rights, and the separation of powers.
• 😀 In 1791, France established its first constitution, creating a Constitutional Monarchy, though tensions with the monarchy remained.
• 😀 In 1792, France proclaimed itself a republic, and King Louis XVI was executed in 1793 after attempting to flee and conspiring against the revolution.
• 😀 The radical Jacobins, led by Robespierre, took control and started the Reign of Terror, executing thousands of perceived enemies of the revolution.
• 😀 The Directory, a more conservative government, took over in 1795, but the revolution effectively ended in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte seized power.
• 😀 Despite the rise of Napoleon, the French Revolution laid the foundation for modern democratic principles, such as civil rights and the concept of equality.

Q & A

What was the Old Regime in France before the French Revolution?

The Old Regime was a government system where the king held all the power. It was marked by severe economic crises, and the clergy and nobility were exempt from taxes, leading to widespread dissatisfaction among the population.

What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?

The beginning of the French Revolution is marked by the Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. The Bastille was a symbol of absolutism, and its fall symbolized the beginning of the end for the old regime.

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and why was it significant?

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, issued in 1789, was a document that enshrined Enlightenment and liberal ideals, emphasizing equality, individual rights, and the separation of powers. It influenced not only France but also broader Western societies.

How did the French Constitution of 1791 change the political system?

The French Constitution of 1791 created a constitutional monarchy, limiting the powers of the king, Louis XVI, and giving more power to the bourgeoisie. This marked a shift away from absolute monarchy.

What happened to King Louis XVI during the revolution?

King Louis XVI was arrested after attempting to flee France in 1792. He was tried for treason, found guilty, and executed by guillotine in 1793.

What was the significance of the Jacobins and the Girondins during the revolution?

The Jacobins were radical revolutionaries who advocated for universal suffrage and more extensive reforms, while the Girondins were more conservative, supporting moderate reforms and the preservation of certain privileges for the bourgeoisie and nobility.

What was the Reign of Terror, and who led it?

The Reign of Terror, led by Maximilien Robespierre, was a period from 1793 to 1794 when thousands of perceived enemies of the revolution were executed by guillotine. It was marked by political purges and violent repression.

How did the Reign of Terror end?

The Reign of Terror ended in 1794 with the execution of Robespierre, who was overthrown by his political rivals within the revolutionary government.

What was the Directory, and what role did it play in the revolution?

The Directory was the governing body established in 1795 after the fall of the Jacobins. It marked a period of more moderate rule by the Girondins, with a return to a censitary vote, limiting voting rights based on income.

Why is the year 1799 considered the end of the French Revolution?

The French Revolution is considered to have ended in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte, a military leader, seized power and eventually restored some aspects of the old regime while consolidating authority in his own hands, thus effectively ending the revolutionary period.