Literatura - Simbolismo - Características e Poesia Simbolista | ENEM

Summary

In this lesson, Professor Flávio discusses Brazilian Symbolism, focusing on its key features like suggestion, spirituality, and sensory experiences, contrasting it with Parnassianism, Realism, and Naturalism. The Symbolist movement emphasizes indirect expression and mystical themes, with notable poets like Cruz e Sousa at its helm. Cruz e Sousa's works, marked by musicality, synesthesia, and spiritual imagery, reflect his personal struggles with racial prejudice. Through analysis of his poems, such as 'Acrobata da dor' and 'Violões que choram,' the lecture explores the symbolic and sensory depth of Symbolist poetry, highlighting its emotional and spiritual resonance.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Symbolism literary movement suggests mystery and symbolism, focusing on the indirect expression of ideas rather than direct statements.
• 😀 Symbolism contrasts with Parnassianism, which is materialistic, while Symbolism is spiritual, ethereal, and mysterious.
• 😀 The Symbolist poetry is linked with sensations, synesthesia, and aims to evoke feelings through the blending of senses (touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing).
• 😀 Symbolism opposes rationalism and materialism, with a focus on spiritual transcendence and esoteric elements.
• 😀 Symbolist poetry often features repetition of consonants (alliteration) and vowel sounds (assonance) to create rhythm and musicality.
• 😀 There is a strong connection between Symbolist poetry and music, with rhythmic patterns and sound-focused techniques.
• 😀 The Symbolist movement emphasizes the use of vague, ethereal vocabulary and spiritual concepts from various religions, not just Christianity.
• 😀 Symbolism is influenced by Romanticism, particularly the second generation of Romanticism, with traits of mysticism, individualism, and pessimism.
• 😀 Cruz e Souza, known as 'Dante Negro', is the most important Brazilian Symbolist poet, known for his musical and mystical poetry, often reflecting on racial prejudice.
• 😀 Cruz e Souza's poetry is marked by sinesthesia, strong imagery, and the use of color (especially white) to represent abstract concepts.
• 😀 Cruz e Souza's poems, such as 'Acrobata da Dor' and 'Antíphona', showcase Symbolist characteristics, including rhythm, synesthesia, and spiritual themes, with an emphasis on mood and suggestion rather than clear definitions.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the Symbolist movement in literature?

The main focus of the Symbolist movement in literature is suggestion, mystery, spirituality, and sensory experiences. Symbolists aimed to convey emotions and ideas indirectly, often using abstract and ethereal language.

How does Symbolism differ from Parnassianism?

Symbolism contrasts with Parnassianism in that it is spiritual, mystical, and abstract, whereas Parnassianism is highly materialistic and focuses on formal perfection and objectivity. Symbolism emphasizes suggestion rather than clear, direct expression.

What historical movements are Symbolism connected to?

Symbolism is connected to Realism, Naturalism, and Positivism, which were prevalent in the late 19th century. It emerged as a response to these movements, rejecting their materialism and rationalism.

Who is considered the most important Brazilian Symbolist poet?

Cruz e Sousa is considered the most important Brazilian Symbolist poet. He is known for his musical style and exploration of racial prejudice, often blending his personal experiences with Symbolist themes.

What are some common literary techniques used in Symbolist poetry?

Common literary techniques in Symbolist poetry include sinesthesia (mixing sensory experiences), the use of vague and ethereal vocabulary, alliteration, assonance, and a focus on rhythm and sound. These techniques help create an atmosphere of mystery and suggestion.

What is sinesthesia, and how is it used in Symbolist poetry?

Sinesthesia is the blending of different sensory experiences, such as sight, sound, taste, and touch. In Symbolist poetry, it is used to evoke a more immersive and emotional experience, often mixing colors, sounds, and scents to suggest deeper meanings.

How did Cruz e Sousa's personal experiences influence his poetry?

Cruz e Sousa's experiences with racism and prejudice in Brazil strongly influenced his poetry. His work often reflects themes of suffering, alienation, and the search for transcendence, using Symbolist techniques to express these complex emotions.

What role does spirituality play in Symbolist poetry?

Spirituality is a central theme in Symbolist poetry, with many poets seeking transcendence, sublimate experiences, and a connection to higher planes of existence. Symbolists often explore various religious and mystical themes, using symbols to suggest the spiritual and the supernatural.

What is the significance of Cruz e Sousa's poem 'Acrobata da Dor'?

The poem 'Acrobata da Dor' reflects the agony and irony of suffering, with a focus on the idea of a clown who laughs in torment. It illustrates the Symbolist theme of using intense emotional and sensory experiences to convey deeper, often conflicting, feelings.

How does the use of rhythm and sound enhance the meaning of Symbolist poetry?

Rhythm and sound are essential in Symbolist poetry to create a musical quality and evoke emotions. Poets use techniques like alliteration and assonance to produce a haunting, melodic effect that reinforces the sensory and emotional impact of the poem.