SEJARAH KOMUNIKASI

Summary

This video explores the history of communication and communication science, covering key eras: the Era of Writing (from 40,000 BCE to 1041 CE), the Era of Printing (starting in 1456 CE), the Telecommunication Era (1884–1933), and the Interactive Era (1946–present). It traces how communication evolved from cave paintings to modern digital communication. Additionally, the video outlines the development of communication science, from rhetoric in ancient Greece to the growth and consolidation of communication studies in the 20th century, culminating in the impact of technology and the internet on the field today.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of communication spans four key eras: the era of writing, the era of printing, the era of telecommunications, and the era of interactivity.
• 📜 The era of writing, beginning as early as 40,000–35,000 BCE, involved the first forms of communication through cave paintings and later written symbols on clay tablets and papyrus.
• 🖨️ The printing era, starting in 1456, revolutionized communication with the invention of the printing press, enabling mass production of books and newspapers.
• 📞 The telecommunications era, beginning in the late 19th century, introduced long-distance communication technologies like the telegraph, telephone, and radio.
• 💻 The era of interactivity, beginning in 1946 and continuing today, was marked by the development of computers, the internet, and interactive technologies.
• 👨‍🏫 Communication science emerged as a field through four periods: rhetoric, growth, consolidation, and technology.
• 🎙️ The rhetoric period, starting in Ancient Greece with Aristotle, focused on the study of persuasive one-way communication through ethos, pathos, and logos.
• 🗣️ The growth period (1900–WWII) saw communication expand into industrialized areas like propaganda, public opinion, advertising, and mass media with the advent of radio, television, and telephones.
• 📚 The consolidation period (Post-WWII–1960s) formalized communication science as a multi-disciplinary field, with key contributions from scholars like Lasswell, Shannon, and Weaver.
• 🌐 The technology period (1960–present) marked the rise of digital technologies like the internet and mobile devices, making communication more interactive and specialized.

Q & A

What is the first part of the history of communication discussed in the script?

The first part of the history of communication discussed is the era of writing, which began around 2010 BCE. It marks the emergence of written communication, starting with early human civilization and the first works of communication, such as cave paintings from the Cro-Magnon period.

How does the script describe the significance of the discovery of written communication in ancient civilizations?

The script highlights that the discovery of written communication, such as the use of clay tablets by the Sumerians and papyrus by ancient Egyptians, marked the beginning of formal written communication. This development facilitated the transmission of messages across time and space.

What technological advancement marked the start of the print era?

The print era began with the invention of the printing press in 1456 CE, which was a metal-based handpress machine. This revolutionized mass communication, allowing for the widespread distribution of books, newspapers, and other printed materials.

What were some key milestones in telecommunication, according to the script?

Key milestones in telecommunication include the invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse in 1844, the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, and the transmission of the first radio message by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895.

What was the role of radio and television in the development of communication?

Radio and television played significant roles in the development of communication, with the RCA demonstrating television technology in 1933, providing a new means for information dissemination and mass entertainment.

What does the script mention about the era of interactive communication?

The era of interactive communication began in 1946 and continues to the present day. This era was characterized by the development of mainframe computers, the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, and the invention of the internet by Leonard Kleinrock in 1969.

How is the history of communication divided in the script?

The history of communication is divided into four major periods: the era of writing, the print era, the telecommunications era, and the interactive era.

What were the key features of the rhetorical period of communication?

The rhetorical period, which occurred during ancient Greece, focused on the study of persuasion and the communication process. Aristotle was a key figure in this period, emphasizing the roles of ethos (credibility), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical reasoning) in effective communication.

How did the field of communication evolve during the growth period between 1900 and WWII?

During the growth period, communication became more industrialized and modernized, particularly in Western Europe and America. The emergence of technologies like radio, television, and telephones expanded communication capabilities. Academic research began focusing on topics such as propaganda, public opinion, marketing, and advertising.

What developments occurred during the consolidation period of communication history?

The consolidation period, which began during WWII and continued into the 1960s, saw the development of communication as a social science, with contributions from various disciplines like political science, engineering, and journalism. Key figures included Harold Lasswell and Claude Shannon, and new educational institutions and research centers emerged, such as the Iowa Journalism School and the Institute of Communication Research.