Agora Goiás [cortes] Mastologista Luiz de Paula fala do câncer de mama e se emociona

Summary

This insightful interview features Dr. Luiz de Paula, a renowned mastologist, discussing the journey of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. He explains the psychological stages patients go through, from denial to acceptance, and emphasizes the importance of early detection. Dr. de Paula also highlights the role of genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, and various treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. He stresses the significance of regular screenings and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to reduce risks. The interview underscores the emotional and physical challenges faced by patients and the critical role of faith and support in the healing process.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Emotional Stages of Breast Cancer Diagnosis**: Patients often go through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, and acceptance when diagnosed with breast cancer. These emotional processes affect their ability to accept and undergo treatment effectively.
• 😀 **Importance of Acceptance**: The quicker a patient moves through the emotional stages and accepts their diagnosis, the better they respond to treatment and recovery, both emotionally and physically.
• 😀 **Preventive Measures and Risk Factors**: Early detection is vital. Risk factors for breast cancer include behavioral habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle), reproductive history, and genetic predispositions.
• 😀 **Genetic Factors and Family History**: Women with genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53) have a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer. Family history also plays an important role in determining risk.
• 😀 **Role of Mammograms and Regular Screenings**: Mammograms should begin at age 40 for women, with yearly checkups. Additional screenings like ultrasound or MRI may be recommended for those with dense breast tissue or a family history of breast cancer.
• 😀 **Psychological Impact of Breast Cancer**: The loss of hair during chemotherapy is a significant emotional hurdle for many women, often more difficult than the loss of a breast. Hair is seen as an important part of feminine identity.
• 😀 **Surgical Options for Treatment**: There are various surgical approaches, including conservative surgeries that preserve part of the breast, radical mastectomies, and preventive double mastectomies (adenomastectomies), especially for those with high genetic risk.
• 😀 **Chemotherapy and Other Treatment Options**: Treatment can include chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant), radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy, depending on the patient's condition and cancer stage.
• 😀 **Prevention and Healthy Lifestyle**: A healthy lifestyle with regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking and excessive drinking are key to preventing breast cancer.
• 😀 **The Power of Faith and Mental Health**: Maintaining mental health and having a strong faith can greatly influence a patient's ability to cope with cancer. Emotional support from family, medical professionals, and religious beliefs play crucial roles in recovery.

Q & A

What are the psychological stages that a breast cancer patient typically goes through after diagnosis?

Breast cancer patients usually go through four stages: denial, anger, bargaining, and acceptance. The denial stage is when the patient initially refuses to believe they have cancer. This is followed by anger, where they feel upset or even rebellious about their diagnosis. Bargaining involves a desire to trade something (e.g., losing a breast but hoping for a cure). Finally, acceptance is when the patient comes to terms with their condition, which helps improve their emotional and physical response to treatment.

Is it recommended for women with breast cancer to remove both breasts even if cancer is only detected in one?

For women with certain genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53), it is highly recommended to remove both breasts as a preventative measure, as they are at higher risk of developing cancer in the other breast. However, the decision is often personal and involves discussions with the patient, their family, and the doctor.

What is the significance of the 'Angelina Jolie effect' in breast cancer surgeries?

The 'Angelina Jolie effect' refers to the surge in women opting for preventative mastectomies after Angelina Jolie publicly shared her decision to undergo the procedure due to her BRCA1 gene mutation. This led to more women choosing to remove both breasts as a precautionary measure, even if they did not have cancer.

What is the impact of hair loss during chemotherapy for breast cancer patients?

Hair loss during chemotherapy can be emotionally challenging for many women, often more so than the physical changes caused by breast surgery. Hair is considered a key aspect of femininity, and losing it can affect a woman's identity and self-esteem. Some patients use special cold caps (like the touca mentioned in the transcript) to reduce hair loss during treatment.

What are the main risk factors for developing breast cancer?

The main risk factors for breast cancer include being female, older age, family history of genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), early menstruation, late menopause, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and exposure to ionizing radiation.

What are the different surgical options for breast cancer treatment?

There are several surgical options for breast cancer, including conservative surgery (removing the tumor while preserving the breast), radical surgery (removing the entire breast), and bilateral mastectomy (removal of both breasts, either for treatment or prevention). There are also options for immediate breast reconstruction to preserve a natural appearance.

Can breast cancer be completely cured if detected early?

Yes, breast cancer can be completely cured if detected early, with a 100% cure rate when diagnosed in the early stages. Early detection through regular screenings such as mammograms significantly improves treatment outcomes.

What are the available treatment options for breast cancer besides surgery?

Treatment options for breast cancer include chemotherapy (both before and after surgery), radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapies. Each treatment type targets the cancer in different ways, depending on the patient's specific case and the stage of the disease.

What preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Preventive measures for breast cancer include maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular physical activity, a balanced diet, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and having regular medical checkups. Women are also encouraged to start mammograms at age 40 and undergo other screenings if they have dense breast tissue or a higher risk of developing the disease.

How does faith and mental health play a role in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer?

Faith and mental health are crucial in dealing with cancer. A positive mindset, belief in recovery, and emotional well-being contribute to better treatment outcomes and help patients cope with the physical and emotional challenges of the disease. Regular mental and spiritual support can improve overall health and strengthen the body’s response to treatment.