Amartya Sen: El desarrollo desde la perspectiva de las capacidades.
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the influential work of Amartya Sen, an Indian economist who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998. Sen's most revolutionary contribution is the concept of the 'capability approach,' which focuses on the real capabilities of individuals to convert their rights into actual freedoms. This approach emphasizes the importance of expanding real freedoms, which are influenced by social and economic institutions, access to quality education, and the opportunity to participate in the market. Sen's work also addresses the impact of factors such as inequality, poverty, and injustice on these capabilities. Furthermore, he developed a new paradigm for measuring societal development through the Human Development Index (HDI), which considers health, education, and general well-being. This index challenges the utilitarian approach that has dominated economic theory by recognizing that material goods are not the sole determinants of well-being and that the capabilities and freedoms of individuals are crucial for human development.
Takeaways
- 🎓 Amartya Sen is an Indian economist who has significantly contributed to the field of economics and philosophy, with his work being influenced by his academic journey and his experiences of poverty and inequality in India.
- 🏆 Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998, which highlights his influential role in the field.
- 💡 His most revolutionary contribution is the concept of the 'capability approach,' which focuses on the real capabilities individuals have to convert their rights into real freedoms.
- 🌐 Development is viewed as a means to expand real freedoms, which are dependent on various factors including social and economic institutions, access to quality education, and healthcare.
- 📈 The capability to participate in the market is essential for social life and is an indicator of a society's development, which in turn expands freedoms.
- 🏛 Governments are often judged based on the concrete capabilities of their individuals, which can be affected by systemic social issues, lack of access to information, or inadequate sanitation and clothing.
- 🗳 Citizens may constitutionally have the right to vote, but for this right to be meaningful, they must have the necessary conditions to exercise their voting capacity, such as access to health and education.
- 📊 Sen developed a new paradigm for measuring development in societies with the Human Development Index (HDI), which has been adopted by countries like Peru to assess development from multiple dimensions.
- 📈 The HDI is based on three dimensions: health, education, and general well-being, moving beyond the utilitarian approach that has dominated economic theory.
- 🌟 Sen's work emphasizes that material goods are not direct satisfiers of well-being, but rather it is the capabilities and real freedoms that people have that are crucial.
- 🌱 Productivity should be a means for human development, not an end in itself, and Sen's work has shed light on the importance of considering inequality, poverty, social injustice, and the quality of life in development discussions.
Q & A
Who is Amartya Sen and what is his main contribution to the field of economics?
-Amartya Sen is an Indian economist who was born in India and completed his education at Cambridge. He has served as a professor at various prestigious universities including Calcutta, Yale, Oxford, and Harvard. His main contribution is the concept of the 'capability approach,' which focuses on the real capabilities of individuals to convert their rights into real freedoms.
What does the capability approach involve?
-The capability approach involves understanding the real capabilities that each individual has to convert their rights into real freedoms. It emphasizes expanding real freedoms, which depend on various factors such as social and economic institutions, access to quality education, and healthcare.
How does industrialization and economic progress relate to the expansion of freedoms?
-Industrialization and economic progress are seen as factors that can expand freedoms, which in turn can lead to a better life with dignity for individuals. This is because they can provide opportunities for participation in the market and other social interactions.
What are the factors that can affect an individual's capabilities and freedoms?
-Factors that can affect an individual's capabilities and freedoms include access to basic and quality education, healthcare, the opportunity to participate in the market, and the presence of social and economic institutions that support these freedoms.
How is the government's performance often judged in relation to the capabilities of its citizens?
-The government's performance is often judged based on the concrete capabilities of its citizens, such as their health, education, and the ability to participate in social and economic activities.
What is the significance of constitutional rights like the right to vote?
-The constitutional right to vote is significant, but for it to be meaningful, it must be accompanied by the necessary conditions for citizens to exercise this right, such as access to health, education, and the means to travel to voting locations.
What are 'positive capabilities' and how do they relate to development?
-Positive capabilities refer to the knowledge and skills that enable individuals to achieve comprehensive development in society. Factors such as inequality, poverty, social injustice, and the quality of life can affect these capabilities, which are crucial for human development.
How does Amartya Sen's work contribute to a new paradigm in measuring societal development?
-Amartya Sen's work contributes to a new paradigm by forming the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures development based on three dimensions: health, education, and general well-being. This moves away from the utilitarian approach that has dominated economic theory.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI) and what does it measure?
-The Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric that measures development in societies based on three key dimensions: health, education, and general well-being. It was introduced in the 1990s and has been used in the Global Human Development Reports.
How does the capability approach differ from utilitarian approaches in economic theory?
-The capability approach differs from utilitarian approaches by not just focusing on material goods as direct satisfiers of well-being. Instead, it emphasizes the importance of individuals' capabilities and real freedoms in achieving well-being.
What is the role of social and economic institutions in the capability approach?
-Social and economic institutions play a crucial role in the capability approach as they are part of the infrastructure that enables individuals to realize their capabilities and freedoms, such as through access to education and healthcare.
How does the capability approach view the concept of development?
-The capability approach views development as a process of expanding real freedoms that individuals have to lead the lives they value. It is not just about economic growth but also about providing the necessary conditions for individuals to achieve well-being.
Outlines
📚 Amartya Sen's Impact on Human Development and Capabilities
Amartya Sen, an Indian economist, has made significant contributions to the understanding of human development. Born in India, he completed his education in Cambridge and has taught at renowned universities worldwide. His work is influenced by his academic journey and his experiences with poverty and inequality in India. Sen introduced the concept of 'capabilities approach,' which focuses on the real capabilities individuals have to convert their rights into real freedoms. This approach considers development as a means to expand real freedoms, which are influenced by social and economic institutions, access to quality education, health, and the ability to participate in the market. Sen's work has led to a new paradigm in measuring societal development, with the Human Development Index (HDI) focusing on health, education, and general well-being, moving away from the utilitarian approach that has dominated economic theory.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Human Development
💡Capabilities Approach
💡Freedoms
💡Social and Economic Institutions
💡Participation in the Market
💡Industrialization and Economic Progress
💡Human Rights
💡Inequality, Poverty, and Social Injustice
💡Productivity
💡Human Development Index (HDI)
💡Amartya Sen
Highlights
Amartya Sen is an Indian economist who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998
Sen's work has been influenced by his academic journey and childhood experiences of poverty and inequality in India
Sen introduced the revolutionary concept of the 'capability approach', focusing on the real capabilities individuals have to convert their rights into real freedoms
Development should be viewed as a way to expand real freedoms, which depend on various factors like social and economic institutions
Access to quality basic education and healthcare are key to expanding freedoms and development
Participation in the market through trade is an essential aspect of social life and development
Governments are often judged based on the concrete capabilities of their citizens, such as access to information, sanitation, clothing, and nutrition
Lack of capabilities and freedoms can lead to citizens not having a dignified life to live and enjoy
Citizens may have the constitutional right to vote, but this means nothing if they lack the conditions to exercise this right, such as access to health and education
Real capabilities are also known as 'positive' capabilities, referring to the knowledge and skills needed for integral societal development
Inequality, poverty, social injustice, and quality of life can all impact these positive capabilities
Productivity should be a means to human development, not an end in itself
Sen developed a new paradigm for measuring societal development with the Human Development Index (HDI) in the 1990s
The HDI is based on three dimensions - health, education, and general well-being
The HDI moves beyond the utilitarian approach that has dominated economic theory, which views material goods as direct satisfiers of well-being
Instead, the HDI focuses on the capabilities and real freedoms that people have
Peru has been producing the annual Human Development Report since the 1990s, promoting multidimensional thinking about development
Transcripts
el desarrollo humano desde la
perspectiva de las capacidades de amar
te hacen
amartya sen es un economista nació en la
india se licenció e hizo su doctorado en
cambridge a lo largo de su vida se ha
desempeñado como profesor de economía en
la universidades de calcuta de yale y
oxford cambridge harvard y otras
universidades toda su obra ha estado
influida de su largo trayecto académico
y de su infancia en la india donde
conoció de primera mano la pobreza y la
desigualdad en 1998 recibe el premio
nobel de economía
en este vídeo nos vamos a enfocar en
algunos de los aportes del economista y
filósofo indio
el más revolucionario de los aportes de
sen es el concepto del enfoque de las
capacidades que serían las capacidades
reales de las que cada individuo dispone
para poder convertir sus derechos en
libertades reales pero para esto hay que
entender que el tomado del desarrollo
como una forma de expandir las
libertades reales ya que dichas
libertades dependen de varios factores
tales como las instituciones sociales y
económicas que comprenden dentro de sí
el acceso a una educación básica y de
calidad el acceso a la salud la
oportunidad de participar en el mercado
con esta se hace referencia a la
capacidad para realizar intercambios y
constituye un papel esencial en la vida
social la industrialización el progreso
económico y cualquier otra cosa que
tenga que ver con desarrollo social
expande las libertades un famoso ejemplo
de esto es un gobierno tiende a ser
juzgado en función de las capacidades
concretas de sus individuos precisando
un poco este ejemplo cabría
de la sesión intervención de los estados
represivos las explicaciones sociales
sistemáticas la falta de acceso a una
información o en saneamiento buena
vestimenta buena alimentación entre
muchos otros afectan a las libertades ya
que los individuos no tienen una vida
digna la cual puedan vivir y disfrutar
todo esto resuelve la falta de
capacidades y por ende la del desarrollo
por otro lado se podría decir que los
ciudadanos tienen el derecho
constitucional al voto sin embargo para
manterse en esto no significará nada ya
que el pse formula preguntas tales como
si la participación dimensión política
reúne todas las condiciones para que los
ciudadanos puedan ejercer la capacidad
de votar
este conjunto de condiciones pueden ser
de muchos tipos desde el acceso a la
salud y la educación hasta el hecho de
poder transportarse a las urnas esto
hace ver afectadas dichas capacidades
reales a estas capacidades reales se les
conoce como capacidades positivas con
capacidades específicamente se refiere a
conocimientos y habilidades que permiten
lograr un desarrollo integral en la
sociedad que afecta a estas capacidades
la desigualdad la pobreza la injusticia
social y la calidad de vida para hacer
la productividad debe ser un medio para
el desarrollo humano
otro gran aporte de amartya sen fue la
formación de un nuevo paradigma en la
medición de desarrollo en las sociedades
el índice de desarrollo humano desde la
década de los años 90 el perú tiene
realizando el informe mundial de
desarrollo humano poniendo el desarrollo
como el medio para que las sociedades se
piensen desde distintas dimensiones el
índice de desarrollo humano se basa en
tres dimensiones salud educación y el
bienestar general dado por el wing en
acero crítico del enfoque utilitarista
que ha predominado en la teoría
económica en resumen el hecho de
considerar los bienes materiales como
satisfactores directos del bienestar
trasciende a los dotadas que están las
personas de capacidades y de libertades
reales
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