Pusat Bahasa IIKBW - Mandarin - Bab 4

Summary

In this video, Gusti Lause teaches Mandarin, focusing on vocabulary and sentence structure. The lesson covers Chapter 4's vocabulary, including languages, verbs, and actions. The video explains how to form basic sentences in Mandarin, comparing sentence patterns with Indonesian, particularly emphasizing the order of time, subject, place, verb, and object. Additionally, the use of the word 'Jin' (meaning 'please' or 'allow') is explained in different sentence positions, and the video concludes with instructions on how to use 'key' and 'neng' to express permission and ability. This is a helpful lesson for beginners in Mandarin.

Takeaways

• 📝 The lesson focuses on Mandarin vocabulary from Chapter 4, starting with pronunciation and meaning.
• 🗣️ Vocabulary includes languages like English (Rei), Japanese (Fai), and Mandarin (Honey).
• 🧑‍🏫 Part 2 introduces basic sentence structure in Mandarin, emphasizing time first, then subject, place, verb, and object.
• 📅 Example: 'Tomorrow I will drink tea here' in Mandarin would be structured as 'Mingtian Wo Zai Zheli He Cha'.
• 🙏 Part 3 explains the use of 'Jin' in Mandarin, which means 'please', and can be placed at the start or middle of a sentence.
• 🪑 Examples include 'Please drink tea' (Jin Ni He Cha) and 'Please sit' (Jin Zuo).
• 📍 When 'Jin' is placed in the middle of a sentence, it’s used to invite, request, or allow action after the subject.
• 🎯 The structure for 'Jin' in the middle includes Subject 1, Jin, Subject 2, location (if any), verb, and object.
• ✔️ Part 4 introduces 'Ke' (can/may) to express permission, and 'Neng' (can) for skills or regained abilities.
• 🏀 An example of 'Neng' is asking if someone can play basketball after recovering from illness (Ni Neng Da Lanqiu Ma?).

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The video script focuses on teaching Mandarin language, covering pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence structure, and the usage of specific words like 'Jin' and 'Neng'.

What are some of the vocabulary words introduced in part 1?

Part 1 introduces vocabulary from chapter 4, such as 'jin' (please), 'hai' (yes), 'cha' (tea), 'tong' (understand), 'pangcu' (help), and 'wo' (I).

How is sentence structure in Mandarin different from Indonesian?

In Mandarin, the sentence structure typically follows this order: time, subject, place, verb, object. In contrast, Indonesian sentence structure allows more flexibility with the placement of time and place.

What is an example of how to structure a simple sentence in Mandarin?

An example given in the script is 'Besok saya minum teh di sini' in Indonesian, which translates to 'Mingtian wo zai zheli he cha' in Mandarin. The structure is time (Mingtian), subject (wo), place (zheli), verb (he), and object (cha).

How is the word 'Jin' used in Mandarin sentences?

'Jin' is used to mean 'please' or 'allow', and it can be placed either at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject. When used at the start, it signals a polite request, such as 'Jin ni he cha' (Please drink tea).

What is the difference between using 'Jin' at the start and in the middle of a sentence?

When 'Jin' is placed at the start, it means 'please' or 'allow', as in a polite request. When used after the subject, it can mean 'to permit' or 'to invite', indicating permission or an invitation.

What does the word 'Neng' mean in Mandarin, and how is it used?

'Neng' means 'can' or 'able to', referring to someone's ability to perform a skill or recover a lost ability. For example, 'Ni neng da lanqiu ma?' (Can you play basketball?) asks about someone's ability to play basketball.

What is the difference between 'Neng' and 'Ke' in Mandarin?

'Neng' is used to express the ability or capability to do something, while 'Ke' refers to permission or possibility, such as 'Wo ke zai zheli chouyan' (I can smoke here).

How is the word 'Ke' used to express permission?

'Ke' is used to give permission or express the possibility of doing something. For example, 'Zheli ke yi chouyan' means 'It is allowed to smoke here'.

How does the script help learners understand Mandarin sentence structure?

The script provides clear examples of sentence structure and the use of key words like 'Jin', 'Neng', and 'Ke'. It explains the order of time, subject, place, verb, and object, helping learners understand how to form proper sentences in Mandarin.