Coleta de amostra de solo para análise - Como fazer

Epagri Vídeos

13 Jun 201909:03

Summary

TLDRThis video explains the importance of soil analysis for assessing its nutritional state, which is essential for effective farming. Researcher Evandro from the Center for Family Agriculture discusses proper soil sampling techniques and the right timing based on crop types (annual, perennial, and forage crops). He outlines the recommended soil depths for different agricultural needs, tools used for collection, and the process of homogenizing samples before sending them to a lab. The video also highlights how farmers can prepare and submit their samples for analysis to optimize fertilization and farming practices.

Takeaways

🧪 The health of soil, like human health, requires analysis through soil samples to understand its nutritional state.
🌱 Soil analysis helps farmers estimate fertilizer costs and predict yield based on nutritional levels.
📅 For annual crops (e.g., maize, beans, soybeans), soil sampling can be done at any convenient time for the farmer.
🌿 For forage crops, sampling should be done up to three months before the peak vegetative growth.
🍊 For perennial crops (e.g., citrus, peaches), sampling should be done either before planting seedlings or after harvesting.
📏 The ideal soil sampling depth varies: 0-20 cm for new annual crops, 0-10 cm for established direct planting areas, and 0-50 cm for physical analysis in agricultural costing.
🏞 Farmers should divide their land into homogeneous areas for sampling, based on topography (e.g., hilltops, slopes, flat areas).
🔧 Soil can be collected using tools like an auger or even a sharp spade, depending on availability.
🔄 For accurate results, 15-20 samples should be taken per homogeneous area, covering around 10-15 hectares.
📦 After collection, the samples should be homogenized and a portion of around 300 grams sent to the lab for analysis, including all relevant identification details.

Q & A

What is the purpose of soil analysis?
-Soil analysis is conducted to understand the nutritional state of the soil, which helps farmers manage their use of fertilizers based on expected yield.
Who is the speaker in the script?
-The speaker is Evandro, a researcher in the area of soils at the Center for Research in Family Agriculture.
What is the best way to diagnose the nutritional state of the soil?
-The best way to diagnose the nutritional state of the soil is by collecting soil samples and analyzing them in a laboratory.
What is the ideal time for soil sampling for annual crops?
-The ideal time for soil sampling for annual crops is when the farmer has the most convenience to perform the collection process.
When should soil sampling be done for forage crops?
-For forage crops, it is ideal to collect soil samples up to three months before the maximum vegetative growth.
What is the ideal time for soil sampling for perennial crops?
-For perennial crops, such as citrus and peach trees, the ideal time for soil sampling is before planting the seedlings or after harvesting the fruits.
What is the ideal depth for soil sampling for annual crops?
-For annual crops, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 20 centimeters.
What is the ideal depth for soil sampling in established pastures?
-For established pastures, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 10 centimeters.
What is the ideal depth for soil sampling when physical analysis is required?
-When physical analysis is required, such as for agricultural costing or environmental licensing, the ideal depth for soil sampling is 0 to 50 centimeters.
How should a farmer divide their property for soil sampling?
-A farmer should divide their property into as homogeneous areas as possible for soil sampling.
What is the ideal tool for soil sampling?
-Any available tool can be used for soil sampling, such as a tractor or a shovel, as long as it is clean and does not mix the soil.
How many samples should be collected for each homogeneous area?
-It is ideal to collect between 15 to 20 similar procedures for each homogeneous area within a range of 10 to 15 hectares.
What is the required amount of soil to send to the laboratory for analysis?
-A well-organized and well-isolated sample of 300 grams of soil is sufficient for the analytical process.
What information should be included in the packaging when sending soil to the laboratory?
-The packaging should include the producer's name, CPF, address, area reference, and geographical coordinates, which may be necessary depending on the type of use.
What is the turnaround time for soil analysis results?
-From October to mid-April, results are usually available by the following Friday if the sample arrives on a Friday or Monday. From mid-April to the end of September, it can take up to 20-30 days.

Outlines

00:00

🧑‍⚕️ Importance of Soil Testing for Agricultural Health

The paragraph introduces the analogy between health checkups for humans and soil analysis for agriculture. Just as we need medical exams to assess our health, soil requires nutritional analysis to determine its condition. The best way to perform this diagnosis is by collecting soil samples and evaluating them in a laboratory. The paragraph sets the stage for explaining the proper procedure for soil sampling.

05:00

🌱 Importance of Soil Testing for Farmers

This paragraph focuses on the significance of soil analysis for farmers, explaining that understanding the soil's nutritional level helps them plan their fertilizer expenses according to expected crop yields. It introduces Evandro Paim de Novo, a soil researcher, who explains the process of proper soil sampling. The aim is to help farmers better manage their resources based on soil health.

📅 Best Time for Soil Sampling

This paragraph discusses the ideal timing for soil sampling based on different types of crops. For annual crops like corn, beans, soybeans, and wheat, sampling can be done whenever it's convenient for the farmer. For forage crops, the best time is up to three months before the peak vegetative growth. For perennial crops, such as citrus and peaches, the ideal time is before planting seedlings or after fruit harvesting.

📏 Ideal Soil Sampling Depth

The paragraph outlines the appropriate soil sampling depths for various crops. For annual crops, the ideal depth is 0 to 20 centimeters. In areas with established no-till farming or pastures, the recommended depth is 0 to 10 centimeters. For agricultural cost analysis or physical soil analysis, samples should be collected at 0 to 50 centimeters. In areas with pig farming, environmental licensing requires samples taken at 0 to 10 centimeters.

🗺️ Defining Sampling Areas for Soil Collection

This section explains how to define areas for soil sampling. The farm should be divided into as homogeneous areas as possible, based on the landscape's features, such as hilltops, slopes, and flat areas. The paragraph also emphasizes the importance of clearing excess straw or debris from the surface before sampling, being careful not to disturb the soil with tools like a hoe.

📐 Line and Interline Sampling in Row Crops

In this paragraph, the focus is on row crops like beans. Farmers are advised to identify planting lines, which typically have a spacing of 35 to 40 centimeters. Soil samples should be taken both from the planting line and the spaces between lines to ensure a comprehensive analysis of soil conditions in the entire field.

🔧 Tools and Techniques for Soil Collection

The paragraph discusses the tools available for soil sampling, emphasizing that farmers should use whatever tool they have available, whether it's a soil auger or a cutting spade. The key is to collect between 15 to 20 samples in a zigzag pattern across each homogeneous area of 10 to 15 hectares for accurate analysis.

🧪 Homogenizing and Sending Soil Samples

After collecting soil samples, farmers should thoroughly homogenize the soil and send a well-mixed portion of approximately 300 grams to the laboratory. The paragraph advises that farmers ensure the sample is properly mixed to provide an accurate representation of the soil. Laboratories provide packaging and forms for submitting samples, including farmer details and the sample's geographic coordinates.

📅 Lab Processing Times for Soil Samples

The final paragraph provides information on the laboratory process. During peak seasons, from October to April, samples submitted early in the week typically yield results by the following Friday. From April to September, the processing time can extend to 20 to 30 days due to a lower volume of tests. Farmers can submit samples directly to labs or through local agricultural agencies.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Soil analysis

Soil analysis refers to the process of testing soil samples to determine their nutrient levels and overall condition. In the video, it is emphasized that just as humans undergo medical tests to assess health, farmers need to analyze their soil to understand its nutritional status. This allows them to make informed decisions about fertilization and crop management.

💡Soil sampling

Soil sampling is the procedure of collecting soil from different areas of farmland to be analyzed in a lab. The video explains that proper soil sampling helps farmers understand the nutritional content of their soil, which is crucial for estimating fertilizer needs and ensuring optimal crop growth.

💡Nutritional level

The nutritional level of soil refers to the concentration of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that support plant growth. The video stresses the importance of analyzing the soil’s nutritional level so that farmers can optimize their fertilization strategies based on the expected yield of their crops.

💡Annual crops

Annual crops, such as maize, beans, and wheat, are plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. The video discusses how soil sampling for these crops can be done at any convenient time for the farmer, highlighting the flexibility in the collection process for annual crops.

💡Perennial crops

Perennial crops, like citrus and peaches, are plants that live for several years and produce multiple harvests. The video recommends conducting soil sampling for these crops either before planting or after fruit harvest to optimize nutrient management for sustained production.

💡Sampling depth

Sampling depth refers to how deep the soil samples are collected. The video details that the ideal depth varies based on the type of crop being cultivated. For annual crops, the depth is 0-20 cm, while for pastureland or consolidated no-till farming, it is 0-10 cm. Special cases like physical soil analysis require samples from a depth of 0-50 cm.

💡Homogeneous areas

Homogeneous areas are parts of the farmland with similar characteristics, such as topography or soil composition. The video advises farmers to divide their properties into homogeneous zones to ensure more accurate soil sampling, which leads to better diagnosis and treatment of soil conditions.

💡Direct planting system

The direct planting system, or no-till farming, is a method where crops are planted without disturbing the soil through plowing. In the video, the appropriate soil sampling depth for areas using this system is mentioned to be 0-10 cm, which differs from traditional cultivation methods.

💡Environmental licensing

Environmental licensing refers to the legal process required for farmers, particularly swine farmers, to obtain permits for their operations. The video mentions that soil sampling is part of the environmental licensing process, requiring samples to be collected from a depth of 0-10 cm for regulatory approval.

💡Soil homogenization

Soil homogenization involves thoroughly mixing the collected soil samples to create a representative sample for laboratory analysis. The video explains that after collecting 15-20 soil samples from a given area, they should be homogenized to ensure accurate test results. Farmers are instructed to send around 300 grams of the homogenized soil to the laboratory.

Highlights

Soil analysis is essential for understanding the nutritional state of the soil, similar to medical tests for human health.

The best way to diagnose soil condition is through proper soil sample collection for laboratory analysis.

Soil analysis helps farmers estimate fertilizer costs based on the expected crop yield.

For annual crops (corn, beans, soy, wheat), sample collection can be done at any convenient time for the farmer.

For forage crops, sampling should be done up to three months before maximum vegetative growth.

For perennial crops like citrus and peach, sampling is ideally done before planting seedlings or after harvesting fruit.

For new planting areas, soil samples should be collected from a depth of 0 to 20 cm.

In established no-till areas and pastures, the recommended sampling depth is 0 to 10 cm.

For physical soil analysis, such as soil texture, samples should be taken from a depth of 0 to 50 cm.

Farmers in regions with intensive pig farming must conduct soil sampling as part of the environmental licensing process.

Farmers should divide their land into homogenous areas, such as hilltops, slopes, and flatlands, for accurate soil sampling.

The recommended sampling tool can be a soil auger or even a spade, depending on availability.

Farmers should collect 15 to 20 samples per homogenous area of about 10 to 15 hectares.

Samples should be collected in a zig-zag pattern across the land to ensure proper representation.

After collection, soil samples need to be homogenized and around 300 grams should be sent to the lab for analysis.

Laboratories provide specific packaging for farmers to send their soil samples, including fields for geographical coordinates and other necessary information.