(Part 2) Novigado Webinar: Active Learning Scenarios (20 April 2020)
Summary
TLDRBarbara Orlofsky, a psychology and Theory of Knowledge teacher from Lublin, Poland, presents the theoretical background of active learning. She explains active learning as a process where students are engaged and involved, contrasting it with traditional passive learning. Key concepts include constructivism, where knowledge is built upon prior experiences, and the importance of metacognitive skills, collaboration, and self-directed learning. Orlofsky emphasizes the role of the teacher as a facilitator rather than a knowledge transmitter, highlighting the need for student-centered approaches and active reflection to foster deeper understanding and long-term learning.
Takeaways
- 👩🏫 Barbara Orlofsky is a psychology and theory of knowledge teacher based in Lublin, Poland.
- 📚 Active learning is emphasized as the most effective way to enhance learning outcomes such as analysis, creation, and evaluation.
- 🧠 Active learning involves students engaging actively in the learning process rather than passively receiving information.
- 🎓 Constructivism is a core theory behind active learning, emphasizing the creation of meaning through connections to prior knowledge and experiences.
- 👥 Active learning often takes place in groups, allowing students to socially construct knowledge while reflecting on their own understanding.
- 🤔 Students are encouraged to take ownership of their learning, developing critical thinking, metacognitive skills, and self-regulation.
- 📊 Teachers in active learning environments shift from knowledge transmitters to facilitators, guiding students through their learning journeys.
- 📝 Assessment plays a crucial role in active learning, with a focus on formative assessments, peer evaluations, and self-reflection to support growth.
- 🚀 Active learning fosters the development of future skills like collaboration, communication, creativity, and problem-solving.
- 💡 Examples of active learning methods include discussions, group work, projects, presentations, and utilizing thinking routines from Harvard Project Zero.
Q & A
What is Barbara Orlofsky's main occupation?
-Barbara Orlofsky is primarily a psychology and theory of knowledge teacher in a school in Lublin, Poland.
What is the main focus of active learning according to the script?
-Active learning focuses on engaging students in the learning process, emphasizing skills development over the transmission of knowledge, and encouraging students to actively participate and reflect on what they are learning.
How does Edgar Dale's Cone of Learning relate to active learning?
-Edgar Dale's Cone of Learning illustrates that active learning is the most effective way to achieve higher learning outcomes such as analysis, creation, and evaluation.
What is constructivism in the context of active learning?
-Constructivism is a theory that learning occurs when students actively create meaning by connecting new knowledge to their existing concepts, experiences, and emotions, rather than passively absorbing information.
How does the role of the teacher change in active learning?
-In active learning, the teacher shifts from being the primary source of knowledge to a facilitator who guides students as they take ownership of their learning process and develop their skills.
What are some key skills developed through active learning?
-Active learning helps develop higher-order thinking skills, metacognitive skills, collaboration, communication, creativity, reflection, and resilience.
Why is student agency important in active learning?
-Student agency is important because it gives learners autonomy and responsibility for their learning, which fosters resilience, a growth mindset, and self-regulation.
What role does evaluation play in active learning?
-Evaluation in active learning involves both formative assessments and self-reflection, helping students understand their progress and ensuring learning is meaningful and effective.
Can active learning occur in individual settings or is it always collaborative?
-While active learning often involves collaboration, it can also occur individually through activities like self-directed learning, where students are responsible for their learning goals and reflection.
What are some examples of active learning activities mentioned in the script?
-Examples include project-based work, presentations, creating podcasts or videos, peer tutoring, group discussions, and using thinking routines such as those from Harvard's Project Zero.
Outlines
👩🏫 Introduction to Active Learning
Barbara Orlofsky introduces herself as a teacher and psychologist working on an active learning project. She discusses the importance of active learning, citing Edgar Dale’s Cone of Learning and referencing Confucius' wisdom about learning through action. Active learning is described as an alternative to traditional teaching methods, emphasizing engagement, group work, and the development of higher-order thinking and metacognitive skills.
🧱 Constructivism in Active Learning
This paragraph delves into constructivism, explaining how knowledge is built upon prior experiences and emotions. Learning is described as an active process where students construct knowledge rather than passively absorbing it. Social interaction is emphasized as crucial for learning, with knowledge being both socially and personally constructed, influenced by each learner's unique perspective.
🎯 Student Agency and Autonomy
The focus here is on student agency, which is central to active learning. Barbara highlights the importance of students taking ownership and responsibility for their learning, fostering resilience, grit, and a growth mindset. She also emphasizes the critical role of evaluation in active learning, advocating for formative assessments and peer assessments as essential tools in this process.
🎓 Benefits and Practices of Active Learning
Active learning is praised for building both knowledge and skills that are applicable to real-life contexts. Collaboration and communication are emphasized, as well as the importance of clear learning objectives. Barbara shares examples of active learning activities, such as student projects, presentations, and multimedia content creation, demonstrating how these practices foster deeper understanding and teamwork.
💬 Methods for Active Learning: Discussions and Thinking Routines
Barbara shares her favorite active learning methods: discussions and thinking routines. She references a podcast offering various discussion protocols for classroom use and promotes Harvard's Project Zero, which provides thinking routines designed to stimulate deeper thought. She ends by discussing the 'learning zones' that promote creativity, interaction, and self-regulated learning in active classrooms.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Active Learning
💡Constructivism
💡Student-Centered Approach
💡Higher-Order Thinking Skills
💡Metacognitive Skills
💡Teacher as Facilitator
💡Collaboration
💡Formative Assessment
💡Student Agency
💡21st Century Skills
Highlights
Introduction to active learning, emphasizing the shift from traditional knowledge transmission to student engagement and involvement.
Edgar Dale's 'Cone of Learning' is highlighted, illustrating the effectiveness of active learning through hands-on experiences, enhancing knowledge retention.
Confucius' philosophy of 'I do and I understand' is referenced, supporting the idea that active learning leads to deeper understanding.
Active learning encourages students to use higher-order thinking skills, metacognitive skills, and reflection to take ownership of their learning process.
The teacher's role shifts from being the sole source of knowledge to a facilitator, empowering students to take control of their learning.
Constructivism is introduced as a theoretical foundation, where students actively build on their existing knowledge and experiences to create new meaning.
Knowledge is both socially and personally constructed, emphasizing the value of group collaboration and individual perspectives in learning.
Student agency, autonomy, and responsibility are crucial aspects of active learning, fostering resilience, grit, and growth mindset.
Evaluation in active learning involves formative assessments, peer assessment, and self-reflection, which are essential for students' development.
Active learning not only builds knowledge but also enhances skills like collaboration, communication, creativity, and problem-solving.
Projects, whether subject-specific or interdisciplinary, are highlighted as effective methods of active learning, fostering collaboration and creativity.
Even small-scale activities like presentations, podcasts, or group discussions contribute to active learning, allowing students to express understanding in varied ways.
Two recommended active learning methods include discussions with diverse protocols and 'thinking routines' from Harvard's Project Zero, both useful for enhancing student engagement.
Learning zones of the future classroom are discussed, encouraging students to investigate, create, present, collaborate, and engage in informal learning environments.
The active learning environment promotes independent, self-regulated learning, which is essential for students' success in today's rapidly changing world.
Transcripts
hi my name is Barbara orlofsky and I am
a first and foremost a teacher and a
psychologist and I work with think
foundation as well on this project
however as I said my main occupation is
being a psychology teacher and theory of
knowledge teacher in in a school in
Lublin Poland which is South East and as
Mark said I am going to present a more
theoretical background to active
learning however I hope to introduce
some of the examples as well so
hopefully it will be helpful for us
teachers as well so let's start you
probably are all familiar with the cone
of learning which is attributed to Edgar
Dale which starts to to define active
learning as the most effective way of
learning related to learning outcomes
like analysis like creation like
defining or evaluation and of course
this learning cone might be traced back
to the times of of Confucius who said
that I hear and I forget I see and I
remember and I do and I understand in
general active learning is a form of
learning in which students are engaged
and involved in the learning process and
it is usually thought as an alternative
to a traditional at sample transmission
of the transmission of knowledge and it
can range from self-directed learning
where students themselves are in control
of a very learning process and all the
decisions and goals that they would like
to to achieve as well as the activities
but it can also take a form of
independent learning with goals and I
Fitzy's designed by the teachers and the
control given to the students to
actively pursue them by using their hi
old order thinking skills macaque
metacognitive skills reflection and
making decisions on the way as they go
through the activities and of course
working in a group as well and during
active learning teachers emphasize the
development of the skills more than then
they want to transmit the knowledge
whereas the students are active active
active and engaged actors and taking
ownership of the learning process and
they play the most prominent role and
students are doing something they are
thinking about what they are doing and
reflecting on that and because of that
they are learning active learning
requires students to think hard think
creatively and to practice using new
knowledge and new skills to develop long
term recall and deeper understanding and
I think this is the most important thing
when it comes to active learning
it engages students in in reflection in
writing in talking in discussing about
what they are learning and it makes the
knowledge stick with them it is it
creates a more long-lasting and better
understanding of of the knowledge I'll
of course dry merit many theories
related to active learning among gather
of course the constructivism but also
things like scaffolding like loose
turkmen taxonomy which you could see
links to the cone of learning at the
very beginning things like inquiry based
and problem-based or experiential
learning so many different theories that
we might connect to interactive learning
there they are all great examples of
that and I think that a very short
introduction to to constructivism is
also important here so basically
constructivism states that active
learning is a process of creating
meaning and new learning occurs when
students make connections their existing
concepts knowledge and experience so
it's it's it does not happen in a vacuum
the students are not blank slates they
have their emotions they have their
previous knowledge they have previous
experiences and they create knowledge
based on or in relation to these these
experiences and this knowledge and they
construct new meaning so they if we can
imagine it as a wall they built up on
the breaks on the on the previous layers
to add to that body of knowledge and of
course some of the principles of
constructivism is that knowledge is
constructed actively rather than
passively absorbed so we need to make an
effort active effort to to construct it
is not that knowledge learning is an
active process meaning that it is not
the role of teachers to put the
knowledge into the heads of of students
but rather the students need to actively
construct that meaning it also says that
knowledge is socially constructed that's
why so many active learning takes place
in groups takes place in social contexts
where students need to communicate to
each other when they need to make that
meaning through the interaction with
with other students and with it
and what might sounds as a contradiction
is that knowledge is also personal so
each individual learner has a
distinctive perspective distinctive
point of view based on this existing
knowledge and the knowledge of each
students will differ but having the
understanding having the
insight into different perspectives
might actually give us a deeper
understanding of the knowledge that we
are constructing and this all links as
well to the Student Center approach
which can be defined by by five e
changes to the practice and with the
active learning it is essential that we
change the role of the teacher the
teacher as I said is no longer in the
front talking to the students and
transmitting the knowledge trying to
fill their heads with the knowledge
because it doesn't really work it
doesn't create a deeper understanding
with active learning teacher teacher's
role is to moderate to the a facilitator
of learning the friends in that learning
being on the same level with the
students and no longer a sole source of
knowledge so that's why it needs that
the approach to learning needs to change
from the frontal transmission from the
teacher Center approach to a student
center approach and to do that there
needs to be a different balance of power
so basically the teacher needs to get
control over to the students and this is
sometimes a very big obstacle for the
teachers who are used to working in a
lecture style when they are used to
trust meeting that knowledge and working
in a traditional environment even we
a couple the classroom word of desks or
screwed the floor sometimes and you
cannot really move them and giving the
power with the distributing the power to
the students is essential when it comes
to active learning so students are in
the center of the process they need to
start being in charge of their learning
it also means responsibility for their
learning taking that responsibility for
themselves
the second key change is the function of
content so I already said that the
skills are more important than the
knowledge itself but also with following
the constructivist approach learners
actively construct their knowledge by
making meaning to the previously
acquired knowledge so this links nicely
to do the constructivism the role of
teacher being a facilitator not the only
sole source of expertise the
responsibility of learning being put to
the students and students of student
agencies very important here this is a
very very trendy word right now but
having that ownership being autonomous
and self regulated as a learner being in
charge of your learning taking
responsibility for that this is all very
important in active learning but it also
is important because it builds
resilience it builds grit its
contributes to the growth mindset so to
the development of the students as a
whole and last but not least and I
didn't didn't say much about it yet is
the role of the evaluation and the
process that we go through which is very
important and for the active
to be effective the teacher needs to
implement assessments for learning and
assessment as learning so not only the
grades as measured by the number but
also effective formative assessment
strategies to support students as
learners and I think this is a very
important part of that active learning
process without the evaluation from the
teacher but also pure assessment or
self-reflection active learning would
not be as effective as it could be and
of course the benefits of active
learning
there are many they are plenty it builds
both knowledge and understanding which
students can then apply to new context
to solving your problems its foster
students learning and their autonomy it
develops the skills that we would like
the students to develop so called future
skills it helps to develop thinking
skills metacognitive skills reflection
which i think is one of the most
important skills in 21st century it
usually involves collaboration although
we also might have active learning that
happens in in the individual form and
very often it doesn't require any
additional cost it can be done in any
classroom it's mainly the change of
mindset of the teacher and the active
learning activities to be effective they
must make sense to the students so the
students need to only to understand why
they're doing certain things and what is
it for what are the goals the the
objectives the learning goals needs to
be in front need to be firstly given to
the students so that they can make sense
of what they are doing and second of all
it must include the development of
communication of
teamwork or creativity by utilizing all
the the higher-order thinking skills and
were the examples of active learning of
course the most often used and I think
that I cannot find a teacher who does
not use them in the classroom is working
with other students on the project it
can be a small subject specific project
it can be a bigger project
interdisciplinary one it can be a whole
school project and for example right now
apart from this project know together we
also even in the distance learning we
have some project that projects that
students can collaborate on using
different tools ICT tools for example
investigating what does it mean to be
happy in during the time of of a
pandemic so there are many different
different projects that you can do with
the students right now but active
learning doesn't have to be very big it
might be something small like making a
presentation that shows your
understanding shows the students
understanding of a certain topic based
on some reading that they have
undertaken before or creating a podcast
or a screencast or a video that that
summarizes what they've learned what are
the most important aspects of a certain
topic it might also be few tutoring all
or small group work where students are
going to share with each other what are
the key elements of of the content that
they are going through when they for
example explain themselves how to solve
an equation in in mathematics so it
doesn't have to be very big but it is
the students role to to be active
that process and I thought that I will
include two of my favorite methods for
active learning
the first one is discussions and there
is a very good pose that is hidden under
the first QR codes it is opposed by out
of pedagogy which is a podcast but
Jennifer who is hosting their podcast
lists I think 17 different discussion
protocols that you can use in the
classroom to make your classroom more
active and the second example would be
utilizing thinking routines I don't know
if you if you heard about Harvard
project zero which is one of my absolute
favorites they have created a whole list
of different thinking which sees that or
aims at different things and you can use
them as every lesson also in in distance
learning and there are plenty of
resources on their website and you can
simply go there and have a look there
are videos there are explanations of how
it works and it might be something that
you can embed in any of of the lessons
and last but not least I would like to
end with with learning zones of the
future classroom which I think nicely
hopefully nicely will link to you what
career we'll talk about so to be active
student need to investigate so be active
researchers students need to create they
need to be need to create content in to
engage in creative great imagination of
the content they can present their
products they can give and get feedback
they can interact with each other but
also
where the teacher they can collaborate
exchange develop their communication and
finally they can develop and the active
learning environment promotes informal
learning independent and self regulated
learning which i think is essential in
today's world thank you
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