Emotional Theories (tamil) | Detailed Explanation in Tamil |Msc Psychology ,CTET,JRF,UPSC,TNPSC #MSc

Summary

The video explores key emotional theories, starting with the evolutionary theory, emphasizing the adaptive role of emotions like fear and love in survival and reproduction. It then delves into the James-Lange theory, which connects physical reactions to emotional experiences, and the Cannon theory, where emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously. The Schachter-Singer theory highlights the role of context in interpreting emotions, and cognitive appraisal theory stresses the importance of thought in emotional experiences. The video concludes with six universal emotions, summarized as 'SADFISH'—sadness, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, and happiness.

Takeaways

• 😀 Emotions can be both internal and external reactions to events.
• 🌱 The evolutionary theory of emotion states that emotions are adaptive responses rooted in evolution, such as fear and anger helping survival.
• 🧠 The James-Lange theory suggests that perception of a stimulus leads to physiological reactions, which then create emotional experiences.
• ⚡ The Canon-Bard theory argues that physiological arousal and emotional experience happen simultaneously and independently.
• 👩‍⚕️ The Schachter-Singer theory adds that context and cognitive labeling are essential to differentiate between emotions, even if the physiological response is the same.
• 💭 The cognitive appraisal theory emphasizes the importance of thought and interpretation before emotional experience.
• 😊 Universal emotions include six types: sadness, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, and happiness, with the acronym 'SADFISH' to remember them.
• 🎭 Facial expressions are linked to universal emotions, with specific muscles involved in conveying each emotion.
• 🔄 Two emotions, happiness and surprise, are positive, while the other four (fear, disgust, anger, sadness) are negative.
• 🔬 There are five main theories of emotion: evolutionary, James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter-Singer, and cognitive appraisal.

Q & A

What is the evolutionary theory of emotion?

The evolutionary theory of emotion suggests that emotions have evolved over time and are adaptive responses to help humans survive. Emotions like anger and fear play roles in reacting to threats and ensuring survival, while emotions like love and affection are important for bonding and reproduction.

What does the James-Lange theory of emotion propose?

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physiological reactions to stimuli. For example, seeing a snake causes a physiological response like trembling, and then the brain interprets that as fear ('I am trembling, therefore I am afraid').

How does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion differ from the James-Lange theory?

The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotional experience and physiological reactions happen simultaneously, not sequentially. Unlike the James-Lange theory, where the reaction comes first, Cannon-Bard says that both emotional and physiological responses occur at the same time when a stimulus is perceived.

What role does the thalamus play in the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

In the Cannon-Bard theory, the thalamus acts as a relay station, sending signals about the stimulus to different parts of the brain simultaneously, which results in both physiological responses and emotional experiences occurring at the same time.

What is the key concept in Schachter-Singer's two-factor theory of emotion?

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory, emphasizes that emotions depend on both physiological arousal and the cognitive label given to that arousal. The context in which the arousal occurs is crucial in determining the specific emotion experienced.

How does context influence emotional experience according to the two-factor theory?

According to the two-factor theory, the same physiological reaction (like increased heart rate) can lead to different emotions depending on the context. For example, an increased heart rate in an exam might be interpreted as anxiety, while the same reaction with a loved one might be labeled as love or excitement.

What is cognitive appraisal in the context of emotions?

Cognitive appraisal refers to the process of thinking and evaluating a situation before experiencing an emotion. In this theory, an individual must interpret a situation cognitively before their physiological and emotional responses occur.

What are universal emotions, and how many are there?

There are six universal emotions: sadness, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, and happiness. These emotions are recognized across different cultures and are expressed through similar facial expressions.

Why are only two of the six universal emotions considered positive?

Among the six universal emotions, only happiness and surprise are considered positive because they generally involve pleasant experiences. The others—sadness, anger, disgust, and fear—are typically associated with negative or adverse situations.

What is the mnemonic 'SADFISH,' and what does it represent?

'SADFISH' is a mnemonic that stands for the six universal emotions: Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Surprise, and Happiness. It helps to remember these basic emotions that are universally expressed.