PENGHIANATAN PARTAI KOMUNIS// TRAGEDI G30SPKI// CERITA BERGAMBAR

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17 Jul 202113:45

Summary

TLDRThis video covers the dark chapter of Indonesia's history, focusing on the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the infamous G30S/PKI movement. It recounts the political tensions, the tragic events of September 30, 1965, when six generals and a military officer were assassinated, and the subsequent military response. The video also highlights the broader political and economic climate of the time, including Sukarno's close ties to the PKI, the effects of inflation, and Indonesia’s confrontation with Malaysia. It concludes by discussing the suppression of PKI and its aftermath.

Takeaways

📅 The G30S PKI was a dark historical event in Indonesia, occurring between the night of September 30 and the early hours of October 1, 1965.
🔫 This event involved the assassination of six Indonesian army generals and one officer by forces associated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
🛡️ The PKI was one of the largest communist parties in the world at the time, with over 20 million members, or about 1/5 of Indonesia's population.
📉 Economic decline and political instability during the guided democracy era under President Sukarno contributed to growing tensions.
🤝 PKI initially aligned with Sukarno due to a political doctrine called Nasakom (Nationalism, Religion, Communism), but military leaders and the army opposed the party's growing influence.
👥 Rumors about the health of President Sukarno and fears of a coup by military generals fueled further tensions, leading to the G30S movement.
🎯 The abduction and killing of the generals were part of a coup attempt by elements of the PKI, including Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri, who led the operation.
⚔️ Some of the generals, including Ahmad Yani, were executed after resisting arrest, while others were taken to Lubang Buaya, where they were tortured and killed.
⚖️ Following the assassination of the generals, backlash against the PKI led to widespread anti-communist purges, with many PKI members and sympathizers being detained or executed.
🛡️ Military figures like General Sarwo Edhie led operations to suppress the PKI, including campaigns in Central and East Java, culminating in the capture and trial of top PKI leaders, including DN Aidit.

Q & A

What is the G30S PKI event mentioned in the transcript?
-The G30S PKI refers to the events of September 30, 1965, in Indonesia, when a group associated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) carried out a coup attempt, resulting in the assassination of six Indonesian Army generals and one officer.
How significant was the PKI in Indonesia before the G30S event?
-Before the G30S event, the PKI was one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of China and the Soviet Union, with over 20 million members in 1965, accounting for about one-fifth of Indonesia's population.
What was 'Nasakom,' and why was it important during President Sukarno's rule?
-Nasakom was a political concept promoted by President Sukarno, standing for nationalism, religion, and communism. It was meant to unify Indonesia's diverse political forces, including the PKI, under Sukarno's leadership during his 'Guided Democracy' era.
What economic conditions contributed to the tension leading up to the G30S PKI?
-Indonesia was facing severe economic problems, including declining export revenues, rampant inflation of up to 650%, and widespread corruption within the bureaucracy and military. These economic challenges added to the discontent among the population and political elite.
What role did the illness of President Sukarno play in the political atmosphere before G30S?
-Rumors about Sukarno's serious illness from 1964 onward fueled speculation about a power struggle. However, PKI leader D.N. Aidit knew that Sukarno's illness was not severe, and it was not the primary reason for the coup attempt.
Why did the PKI target the Indonesian Army generals in the G30S PKI coup?
-The PKI believed that certain army generals were planning to overthrow Sukarno through a 'Council of Generals' and staged the coup to preemptively neutralize this perceived threat.
Who was Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri, and what role did he play in G30S PKI?
-Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri was the leader of the G30S PKI operation. On the night of September 30, 1965, he led PKI forces to kidnap and assassinate army generals who were believed to be part of the 'Council of Generals.'
How did the killing of General Ahmad Yani occur during the G30S PKI operation?
-General Ahmad Yani was killed after he became angry with one of the PKI soldiers for speaking rudely to him. This escalated into violence, leading the soldiers to shoot him on the spot.
What was the role of Captain Piere Tendean in the G30S PKI event?
-Captain Piere Tendean, an aide to General Nasution, heroically tried to protect his superior by claiming to be Nasution. As a result, the PKI soldiers mistakenly took him instead of Nasution, and he was later killed.
What happened after the G30S PKI coup attempt was crushed?
-After the coup attempt was crushed, the Indonesian military, led by figures like General Sarwo Edhie, launched operations to eliminate the PKI. These included mass arrests and executions of PKI members and sympathizers. PKI leader D.N. Aidit was also captured and executed.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Overview of the G30S PKI Tragedy

This paragraph introduces the video, which discusses a dark chapter in Indonesia's history involving the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). It briefly outlines the G30S PKI movement and its suppression across the country. The G30S PKI refers to an event in 1965 that led to the deaths of six generals and one army officer. PKI was one of the largest communist parties globally, with over 20 million members at its peak, representing one-fifth of Indonesia's population at the time.

05:01

⚖️ Political Turmoil Under Guided Democracy

This section covers Indonesia's transition from parliamentary democracy to Sukarno’s guided democracy system after July 1959. During this period, military generals were appointed to key positions, which the PKI supported due to its alignment with Sukarno’s Nasakom policy (a blend of nationalism, religion, and communism). However, political and economic issues worsened, with falling exports, rising inflation, and corruption. These problems sparked tensions between the PKI and the military, further aggravated by rumors of President Sukarno's failing health in 1964-1965.

10:01

💥 The Night of G30S PKI: A Failed Coup

This paragraph narrates the events of October 1, 1965, when members of the PKI, led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri, launched a coup attempt. Under the guise of presidential orders, they abducted and killed generals, believing they were planning a coup against Sukarno. The chaos of the night led to the brutal murders of high-ranking officials such as General Ahmad Yani, who was killed after showing defiance. The coup’s execution became disorganized, leading to further violence and confusion.

💔 Tragedy of Captain Pierre Tendean and Others

This section recounts the tragic heroism of Captain Pierre Tendean, who sacrificed himself by pretending to be General Nasution to protect his superior. This noble act led to his abduction and subsequent death, along with other generals like Lieutenant Generals Haryono, Suprapto, and Major Generals Panjaitan and Sutoyo. These officials were tortured and killed in Lubang Buaya, marking a pivotal and gruesome chapter in the G30S PKI tragedy.

⚔️ The Downfall of PKI

Following the G30S PKI coup attempt, military efforts to eliminate the PKI commenced under the leadership of General Sarwo Edhie. His operations, such as Merapi and later Trisula and Kikis, were focused on both direct military engagement and public persuasion to curb the influence of the PKI. Through rallies and the training of young Indonesians, Sarwo Edhie led an anti-PKI movement, culminating in the capture of key figures, including DN Aidit. Many PKI leaders were tried and sentenced in military courts, with some facing execution.

🛡️ Lessons from History

The video concludes with a reflection on the importance of remembering Indonesia's dark history with the G30S PKI. It emphasizes learning from the past to prevent similar events from happening again, invoking the famous phrase from Sukarno, 'Jasmerah' (Never forget history). The host invites viewers to discuss the topic further in the comments section.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡G30S PKI

G30S PKI refers to the '30th September Movement' linked to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), a pivotal event in Indonesia's history in 1965. The video details the tragic night when several military generals were assassinated, leading to widespread anti-communist sentiment and the subsequent purging of the PKI across the country.

💡Lubang Buaya

Lubang Buaya was a location where the bodies of the assassinated generals were discovered, becoming a symbol of the brutal killings during the G30S PKI. It serves as a significant site in the historical narrative, representing the violence of the event and playing a crucial role in the backlash against the PKI.

💡Nasakom

Nasakom was a political concept initiated by President Sukarno, blending nationalism, religion, and communism. It reflects Sukarno’s effort to unite various political factions, including the PKI, but its failure is illustrated by the tension and mistrust between the military and communists, which culminated in the G30S PKI.

💡President Sukarno

Sukarno was Indonesia's first president, leading the nation through its early years of independence. His alignment with the PKI and controversial decisions, such as advocating for Nasakom, are key factors discussed in the video. His weakening health and political isolation contributed to the atmosphere of suspicion that fueled the events of 1965.

💡Inflation

Inflation in Indonesia reached 650% during the mid-1960s, creating widespread economic instability. The video connects this economic crisis to public dissatisfaction and social unrest, which added fuel to the volatile political environment that led to the G30S PKI and the subsequent purge of the PKI.

💡Dewan Jenderal

Dewan Jenderal, or 'Council of Generals,' refers to a rumored group of military leaders allegedly planning to overthrow Sukarno. The existence of this council was a key justification for the G30S PKI’s actions, as they aimed to prevent a supposed military coup, although its actual existence remains a point of debate.

💡Letnan Jenderal Ahmad Yani

Ahmad Yani was one of the six generals killed during the G30S PKI. As a respected military leader, his murder symbolized the gravity of the event, sparking outrage among the military and the broader public, which in turn fueled the anti-communist purge that followed.

💡Tjakrabirawa

Tjakrabirawa was Sukarno’s personal guard, some members of which were involved in the G30S PKI operation. The video explains that these soldiers were sent to capture the generals, initially under the pretense of presidential orders, but this escalated into the violent assassinations that defined the event.

💡Operation Merapi

Operation Merapi was a military campaign led by Sarwo Edhie to suppress the PKI after the G30S PKI. It was part of a broader crackdown on communism in Indonesia, and the video emphasizes Sarwo Edhie’s strategic approach to rallying public support against the PKI without inciting indiscriminate violence.

💡DN Aidit

DN Aidit was the leader of the PKI and a central figure in the G30S PKI event. The video details his role in the movement and his eventual capture and execution as part of the military’s campaign to eradicate the PKI following the failed coup, symbolizing the fall of communism in Indonesia.

Highlights

Introduction to the G30S/PKI event, a dark chapter in Indonesia's history.

G30S/PKI occurred on the night of September 30, 1965, and resulted in the deaths of six generals and one officer.

The PKI was the largest communist party outside of China and the Soviet Union in 1965, with over 20 million members.

Sukarno's transition to guided democracy in 1959 and the rise of PKI's influence.

The economic struggles during the guided democracy era, leading to widespread dissatisfaction, inflation, and corruption.

Health rumors about President Sukarno in 1964, contributing to political instability.

PKI's alleged involvement in the coup attempt, utilizing military forces to target army generals.

Detailed account of the kidnapping and murder of the generals by a team led by Letkol Untung Syamsuri.

The tragic story of Captain Pierre Tendean, who sacrificed himself to protect General Nasution.

Sarwo Edhie Wibowo's leadership in the suppression of the PKI, including the Merapi Operation.

Sarwo Edhie's unique approach to gaining public support, especially in Boyolali, by engaging locals against the PKI.

The extensive operations against the PKI, such as the Trisula and Kikis operations.

Capture and trial of PKI leaders, including DN Aidit, and the military tribunals that followed.

The importance of remembering history, emphasized by the slogan 'Jasmerah' – Do not ever forget history.

Conclusion with a reflection on the lessons from the G30S/PKI incident to prevent future occurrences.