droit du sol et droit du sang - Karambolage - ARTE
Summary
TLDRThe video script narrates the complex journey of determining the nationality of journalist Catharina Clost's son born in France. It explores the historical evolution of French nationality laws, from the 'right of blood' to the 'right of soil', influenced by the French Revolution and population concerns. The script also touches on Germany's nationality laws, which allow children of foreign parents born in Germany to become German under certain conditions. The story concludes with the child's potential to acquire French nationality at adulthood after living in France for five years, or face the decision at 18 to accept or reject French nationality.
Takeaways
- 🇫🇷 The child is born in France to an Italian father and a German mother, leading to questions about his nationality.
- 🏛️ The concept of nationality in France has evolved from the monarchy's discretion to the revolutionary idea of 'citizenship'.
- 📜 The 'right of the soil' (jus soli) was officially established in France in 1851, initially as a double requirement for the child and one parent to be born in France.
- 📉 France relaxed the 'right of the soil' in 1889 to counter a declining population and to bolster its military ranks.
- 🌐 During World War II, the Vichy regime tightened nationality laws, reversing many naturalizations.
- 🔄 Today, France requires either the child or one parent to be born in France for nationality, except in exceptional cases.
- 🇩🇪 Germany also offers 'right of the soil' alongside 'right of blood' (jus sanguinis), allowing children of foreign parents born in Germany to become German.
- 📆 A child born in Germany to foreign parents can become German if one parent has lived there for at least 8 years and meets other criteria.
- 📝 The process of naturalization in Germany includes a test on culture and politics, which can be challenging.
- 👶 The child in the script is initially German and Italian by blood, but can apply for French nationality at the age of majority if they have lived in France for 5 years.
- 📅 The parents can apply for French nationality on behalf of their child as early as their 13th year, leading to potential dual or triple nationality at adulthood.
Q & A
What is the nationality of Catharina Clost's son according to the video script?
-The son is born to an Italian father and a German mother, and is born on French territory, making him initially German and Italian by blood.
What is the significance of the father going to the town hall with a white night behind him?
-The father's visit to the town hall signifies the official registration of his child's birth in France, which is a crucial step in potentially acquiring French nationality.
What are the two ways one can become French according to the script?
-One can become French either by 'filiation' or 'droit du sang' (right of blood) if one parent is French, or by 'droit du sol' (right of soil) if born on French soil.
When was the 'droit du sol' officially instituted in France?
-The 'droit du sol' was officially instituted in France in 1851.
What does the term 'double droit du sol' refer to?
-The 'double droit du sol' refers to the condition where both the child and one of the parents must be born in France to acquire French nationality.
Why did France decide to soften the 'droit du sol' in 1889?
-France decided to soften the 'droit du sol' in 1889 to counteract the declining population and to bolster the ranks of the army.
How did the Vichy regime alter the nationality laws during World War II?
-The Vichy regime criticized previous laws for making people French too easily, reopened files, and stripped many people of their French nationality.
What is the current rule regarding 'double droit du sol' in France?
-Currently, the 'double droit du sol' prevails where the child and one of the parents must be born in France. The simple 'droit du sol' is applied only in exceptional cases.
What is the situation with 'droit du sol' in Germany as mentioned in the script?
-In Germany, since the 2000s, children born to foreign parents on German soil can become German, but one parent must have lived in Germany for at least 8 years.
What is the process for Catharina Clost's son to potentially acquire French nationality?
-Catharina Clost's son can potentially acquire French nationality at the age of majority if he has lived in France for 5 years, or the parents can apply in anticipation from the 13th year of the child's life.
What will happen if Catharina Clost's son refuses French nationality at the age of 18?
-If he refuses French nationality, he will automatically have a third passport, presumably German and Italian, without French nationality.
What is the speculation about a possible future European nationality mentioned in the script?
-The script speculates that there might be a creation of a European nationality in the future, which could potentially benefit individuals with multiple nationalities.
Outlines
🇫🇷 Nationality Dilemma of a Child Born in France
The script describes the complex situation of a German journalist, Catharina Clos, who lives in Paris with her child's nationality being a topic of discussion. The child's father, exhausted from a sleepless night, goes to the town hall to obtain a French birth certificate. The child is born to an Italian father and a German mother on French territory, leading to questions about the child's nationality. The script explains that while the child has a French birth certificate, they are not automatically French. It outlines the two ways to become French: through 'filiation' (if one parent is French) or 'jus soli' (right of the soil), which is more complicated than it seems. The history of 'jus soli' is traced back to the French Revolution, with its evolution over time including periods of stricter and more relaxed application. The script also touches on Germany's nationality laws, which allow for 'jus soli' under certain conditions, including a requirement for the parents to have lived in Germany for at least 8 years. The story concludes with the child being both German and Italian by blood, but having the potential to acquire French nationality at the age of majority if they have lived in France for 5 years, with the parents able to apply in anticipation from the child's 13th year.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Nationality
💡Filiation
💡Jus Soli
💡Citizenship
💡Naturalization
💡Passport
💡Majority
💡Paperwork
💡Cultural Test
💡European Nationality
💡Apatride
Highlights
Catharina Clost, a German journalist, has been living in Paris for several years.
Her son's birth sparks a complex journey regarding his nationality.
The father, exhausted from a sleepless night, goes to the town hall to obtain a French birth certificate for the baby.
The child is born to an Italian father and a German mother on French territory.
Friends immediately question the child's nationality: French, Italian, or German?
In France, birth must be declared within days after delivery.
The child is initially German and Italian by blood, but can he also be French?
There are two ways to become French: by filiation (jus sanguinis) or by soil (jus soli).
The right of soil was established during the French Revolution, initially as a double right of soil.
In 1889, France relaxed the right of soil to boost population and army ranks.
During World War II, the Vichy regime questioned the ease of acquiring French nationality.
Today, the double right of soil prevails, requiring the child and one parent to be born in France.
Germany also has a right of blood and soil, allowing children of foreign parents born in Germany to become German.
However, one parent must have lived in Germany for at least 8 years.
Germany also has a naturalization test with questions on culture and politics.
A child born in France to foreign parents can become French at the age of majority if they have lived in France for 5 years.
Parents can apply in advance when the child is 13 years old.
The Italian father and German mother navigate the administrative process to secure their son's nationalities.
At three months, the child has a German passport, soon followed by an Italian one.
At 18, the child must decide if he wants to become French; otherwise, he will automatically have a third passport.
The possibility of a future European nationality is also mentioned.
Transcripts
[Musique]
la journaliste allemande Catharina clos
vit à Paris depuis plusieurs années elle
nous raconte aujourd'hui l'histoire
mouvementée autour de la nationalité de
son fils mais voyez
plutôt aux premières heures de la
matinée le père épuisé par une nuit
blanche titube jusqu'à la mairie pour en
ressortir peu de temps après avec un
acte de naissance français en France la
déclaration de naissance doit être faite
dans les jours suivant l'accouchement
maintenant on est donc officiellement TR
un papa italien une maman allemande et
un bébé en territoire
français les premiers visiteurs ont tout
de suite posé la question il est quoi
français italien allemand nous on ne
sait pas trop mais à notre grande
surprise nos amis français se perdent
aussi en
conjecture logiquement il devrait être
français il a un certificat cas de
naissance français mais est-ce que cela
fait pour autant de lui un Français
sachez que la réponse est non pour
devenir français il y a deux
possibilités soit l'un des parents est
français et l'enfant obtient la
nationalité française de façon quasi
automatique en vertu de ce qu'on appelle
la filiation ou encore le droit du
sang pas vraiment notre cas de figure
soit l'enfant devient français en vertu
de ce qu'on appelle le droit du sol cela
veut dire gros modo que toute personne
née sur le sol français peut prétendre à
la nationalité française mais comme nous
allons le voir c'est quand même un tout
petit peu plus compliqué que cela le
droit du sol apparaît avec la révolution
auparavant l'octroit de la nationalité
dépendait du bon vouloir du roi la
notion de citoyen cher au
révolutionnaire donnera naissance à de
nouvelles lois c'est ainsi qu'en
1851 le droit du sol est officiellement
institué il s'agit d'abord d'un double
droit du sol mais pourquoi double et
bien parce qu'il y a deux conditions à
remplir non seulement l'enfant mais
aussi l'un de ses parents doivent être
nés en France dans les années qui
suivent la France s'inquiète de voir sa
population baisser la parade comme les
étrangers affluent dans le sillage de la
révolution industrielle elle décide en
1889 d'assouplir le droit du sol tout
étranger né en France et qui vit à sa
majoré devient français en clair le
double droit du sol devient un simple
droit du sol l'objectif est de faire
remonter la courbe de la population
française et d'étoffer les rangs de
l'armée le droit du sol est au plus bas
pendant la deuxème guerre mondiale sous
Vichi le régime reproche aux lois
précédentes d'avoir fait des Français
trop facilement il rouvre les dossiers
et la nationalité est retirée à de
nombreuses personnes et aujourd'hui
c'est nouveau le double droit du sol qui
prévaut l'enfant et un de ses parents
doivent être nés en France le simple
droit du sol n'est appliqué que dans des
cas exceptionnels quand les parents sont
inconnus ou apatrid et qu'ils ne peuvent
pas transmettre leur
nationalité l'Allemagne depuis les
années 2000 panache elle aussi droit du
sang et droit du sol ainsi un enfant né
de parents étranger sur le sol allemand
peut aujourd'hui devenir allemand une
mini révolution culturelle outre rein
mais il y a un hic le père ou la mère
doit avoir vécu au moins 8 ans d'affilé
en Allemagne jusque là ça va encore le
gros morceau c'est le test de
naturalisation avec ces questions
souvent pointues sur la culture et la
politiqu sur lesquelles bien des
Allemands sècheraient lamentablement
ok mais j'imagine que vous brûlez
maintenant de savoir comment l'histoire
s'est terminée pour notre fils qui a vu
le jour à Paris d'après le droit du sang
il est d'abord allemand et italien
normal mais peut-il aussi acquérir la
nationalité française oui un enfant né
en France de parents étrangers peut
aujourd'hui devenir français à l'âge de
sa majorité s'il a vécu en France
pendant 5 ans les parents pressés
peuvent faire une demande par
anticipation dès la 13e année de vie de
l'enfant de la paperasserie dans l'air
si le papa italien y est allé piano
préférant d'abord récupérer de ses nuits
sans sommeil la maman allemande a
aussitôt fait le siège des
administrations résultat notre fils
avait à l'âge de 3 mois un beau
passeport allemand suivi de peu par
l'Italien à 18 ans il va devoir décider
s'il veut devenir français s'il ne
refuse pas la nationalité française il
se retrouvera automatiquement avec un
troisième passeport en poche mais qui
sait il pourra peut-être même profiter
un jour de la création d'une nationalité
européenne
[Musique]
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
Why France is Ending Birth Citizenship in its African Territory
Hak dan Kewajiban Warga Negara [2]
بن سديرة يقصف بلماضي بعد الإقصاء من الكان/أنت فرنسي ماشي جزائري/الإعلام المصري يتغنى بوليد الركراكي
TOUTE la Grammaire dont vous avez besoin pour le français AVANCÉ (Niveau C1)
French Culture Explained 🇫🇷 How to date ? French Rude Or Shy?...
Characteristics of Criminal Law; Criminal Law Discussion
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)