LET REVIEWER GEC 112 WEEK 10: HISTORY OF TERRORISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the history of terrorism and insurgency in the Philippines, focusing on the emergence of groups like the CPP-NPA and Muslim separatist movements such as the MNLF and MILF. It delves into the cultural, religious, and political contexts that led to the rise of insurgency, including the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people. The video also outlines the Philippine government's efforts to counter these threats, exploring peace talks, military action, and ongoing challenges in addressing terrorism and insurgency in the country.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The Philippines is an archipelago of 717 islands, divided into three main groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
- 👥 It is the 12th most populous country in the world, with a population of 96 million, and is the fourth largest Catholic nation.
- 🕌 Muslims form a minority, approximately five percent of the population, mainly residing in the southern islands.
- 🏰 Historically, the Philippines was dominated by Spain and then the United States, which influenced the spread of Christianity and the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.
- 🔥 The Moro people, primarily in Mindanao, have faced marginalization and have been at the center of insurgencies and claims for ancestral domains.
- 🛑 The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its military wing, the New People's Army (NPA), have been active since the 1960s, advocating for national democracy and socialism.
- 🏢 The Philippine government has faced challenges in addressing land issues, which have been a source of tension and conflict, particularly regarding agrarian reform.
- 🤝 Peace talks between the government and the NPA have been ongoing with limited success, and there have been attempts to resolve human rights issues.
- ⚖️ The government has been criticized for not distinguishing between legal and peaceful organizations and armed groups, leading to human rights abuses.
- 🔗 There are connections between various Muslim armed groups like the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which advocate for the independence of Mindanao.
- 🌐 Internationally, groups like Al-Qaeda have been linked to local extremist groups in the Philippines, raising concerns about terrorism and security.
Q & A
What are the key objectives of the mission report on terrorism in the Philippines?
-The key objectives are to describe the emergence of insurgents and terrorism in the Philippines, associate their causes with cultural and religious aspects, and explore the Philippine government's initiatives to counter terrorism and address insurgency.
What historical events have influenced the cultural and religious divisions in the Philippines?
-The Philippines was colonized by Spain from the 16th to the 19th century, which imposed Christianity on the population, while the Moro people in the southern islands (Mindanao) maintained their Islamic faith due to trade with Arabs. The USA also introduced a government system in the early 20th century, leading to the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.
What are the two main Muslim insurgent groups in the Philippines, and how do they differ?
-The two main Muslim insurgent groups are the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The MNLF was established to fight for an independent Moro nation, while the MILF broke away from the MNLF to pursue a more Islamic-focused agenda.
What is the relationship between the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and the New People’s Army (NPA)?
-The CPP, founded by Jose Maria Sison, is a political revolutionary movement that advocates for national democracy through a two-stage revolution. The NPA is its guerrilla military wing, established to wage war against landlords and foreign companies, and is part of the CPP's broader political strategy.
How has the Philippine government labeled the CPP-NPA and its affiliated organizations?
-The CPP-NPA has been labeled as a terrorist organization by the US government and the European Union. Although the Philippine government has not made a formal decision, it often treats the CPP-NPA as such, considering its members and some legal leftist organizations as enemies of the state.
What was the significance of the Jakarta Accord signed in 1996?
-The Jakarta Accord brokered peace between the MNLF and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) in 1996. It granted autonomy to Muslim areas in Mindanao, leading to the establishment of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). However, some viewed this accord as a failure, including members of the MILF.
How has land ownership been a source of tension and conflict in the Philippines?
-Land ownership is a contentious issue, especially in Mindanao, where rural land is a primary source of income for many. Agrarian reforms have faced resistance from landowners, leading to prolonged conflicts and contributing to insurgencies, as land rights are a major grievance among marginalized groups.
How do groups like the MNLF and MILF distance themselves from extremist groups like Abu Sayyaf?
-Both the MNLF and MILF have publicly distanced themselves from extremist groups like Abu Sayyaf. They claim to be focused on political goals and peaceful negotiations, while Abu Sayyaf is involved in criminal activities and terrorism, often driven by profit rather than ideology.
What is the role of the Philippine military (AFP) in combating insurgency and terrorism?
-The AFP plays a central role in combating insurgency and terrorism in the Philippines. It has targeted groups like the CPP-NPA, MNLF, MILF, and Abu Sayyaf, but its approach has been criticized for labeling legal leftist organizations as enemies of the state, which has led to human rights concerns.
What challenges does the Philippine government face in distinguishing between peaceful and armed groups?
-The government struggles to differentiate between peaceful organizations that share similar ideologies with insurgent groups and armed groups that use violence. This difficulty in distinction often results in peaceful organizations being labeled as terrorist-affiliated, contributing to human rights violations and political suppression.
Outlines
📜 Overview of Terrorism History in the Philippines
The paragraph introduces the topic of terrorism in the Philippines, outlining the historical context and setting the objectives of the discussion. It covers the emergence of insurgents in the Philippines, exploring cultural and religious reasons behind it, and reviewing government counter-terrorism initiatives. The paragraph gives a geographical and demographic overview of the Philippines, highlighting its Christian-majority population, Muslim minority, and historical influences from Spain and the United States. It also touches on issues like land ownership and the marginalization of Muslims and indigenous people.
⚔️ The CPP, NPA, and Insurgency Movements
This paragraph delves into the formation of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in 1968 and its military wing, the New People's Army (NPA), which engages in armed conflict against the government. It discusses the guerrilla army's size, the terrorist labeling of CPP-NPA by the US and EU, and the peace efforts that have been ongoing for 21 years but are often stalled. The focus is on the role of these organizations in the insurgency, their ideological goals, and their interactions with the Philippine government.
⚖️ Legal and Illegal Organizations in the Insurgency
The discussion focuses on the overlap between legal organizations, political parties, and their alleged ties to insurgent groups like the CPP-NPA. It explores how legal leftist groups, such as peasants and labor organizations, are often linked to communist insurgents, leading to political arrests and charges. This paragraph highlights the controversial practice of labeling legal entities as enemies of the state and the use of media and propaganda to suppress these groups. It addresses human rights concerns related to the labeling and treatment of peaceful organizations.
🕌 Muslim Secessionist Movements and Peace Accords
The paragraph discusses the two main Muslim armed groups in the Philippines: the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). It outlines their goals for independence and the differences between them, particularly MILF’s more religiously rooted agenda. It also describes the Jakarta Accord signed between MNLF and the Philippine government, leading to the establishment of an autonomous region. Despite the agreement, the MNLF leader was later arrested. The paragraph highlights ongoing peace talks with MILF and their stance against terrorism.
🔫 Extremist Groups and Terrorism Links
This paragraph examines more recent extremist groups in the Philippines, particularly those with alleged links to Al-Qaeda. While some believe these groups are U.S.-created or fabricated, they are widely viewed as small criminal elements rather than ideologically driven movements. It mentions the Abu Sayyaf group and its designation as a terrorist organization by the U.S. and the Philippine government. The paragraph also covers how terrorist groups use local militants and converts to expand their influence into urban areas and the government's efforts to counter these groups.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Terrorism
💡Insurgents
💡Cultural Aspects
💡Religious Aspects
💡Philippine Government Initiatives
💡Moro People
💡Land Issues
💡Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)
💡National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP)
💡Abu Sayyaf
💡Peace Talks
Highlights
The Philippines has a complex history involving terrorism and insurgency.
The country is comprised of 717 islands with a diverse population of 96 million.
The Philippines is the fourth largest Catholic nation, with Muslims forming a minority of about five percent.
The Moro people, primarily Muslim, have a history of marginalization and resistance.
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was established in 1968, advocating for national democracy.
The New People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of the CPP, has been active since 1969.
The CPP-NPA-NDF is considered a terrorist organization by the US and EU.
The government has attempted peace talks with the NPA, but these have stalled.
There are allegations of extrajudicial killings attributed to the CPP by the government.
The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) are key Muslim armed groups.
The MNLF sought an independent Moro nation through armed struggle.
The MILF broke away from the MNLF to emphasize Islamic roots and has a more moderate stance.
The MILF has been involved in peace negotiations with the government since 1997.
Abu Sayyaf is a notorious group with links to Al Qaeda, known for kidnappings and bombings.
The government's approach to terrorism has been criticized for conflating legal and peaceful groups with armed factions.
There are concerns about the impact of government policies on human rights and the potential for further radicalization.
The transcript highlights the complexity of the situation and the need for nuanced policy responses.
Transcripts
so hi everyone
um we are already in the
history of terrorism in the philippines
so it is an international
mission report
according here to the objectives we are
going to learn about
describing the emergence of insurgents
and terrorism in the philippines
associate their reason with cultural and
of course religious aspects
explore the various initiatives of the
philippine government to counter
terrorism and address insurgency
so first mona general context monaco
okay
so general context saudi philippines of
course
it is located in saudi saudis
the republic of the philippines
comprised of
717 islands
which are commonly divided in three
groups we have luzon visayas and
mindanao the capital cities of course
manila and lausanne is located in the
zone so philippines is the 12th most
populated in the world
with 96 million habitants
[Music]
almost more than 100 other it is also
the fourth largest catholic nation with
about 80 percent of christians whereas
muslims
form a minority
throughout the country approximately
five percent
so the rest of the population is made up
of mostly
the smaller christian denomination as
well as indigenous people part of our
enemies
so
before its independence in 1946 the
country was successfully dominated by
spanish in 16
to 19th century and by the united states
of america in 1898 and 1946
so before spanish criminalization
bhaglian far and inhabitants your
enemies
while part where muslims
as a result of trade with arabs
spanish realization imposed christianity
upon the country
and the muslims will hold moros
today bangsamoro or the moro people
are mainly settled in south southern
islands in mindanao mainly basilan sulu
tawitawi
and palawan
they were never colonized neither by
spain
nor by the usa
which introduced a system of government
that was criticized for leading to the
minerization and marginalization of the
morris and indigenous people in mindanao
so the ancestral domain of morris an
indigenous people was declared a public
land
this is an issue still bearing
consequences today the
indigenous people's claims and central
domains being still not recognized
so when independence was declared on
july 4 1946 the republic of the
philippines was established it comprised
lausanne visayas mindanao
so the more us reiterated
their objections but mindanao was
nevertheless incorporated under the
republic
from the independence onwards
muslim and indigenous people have been
complaining they are marginalized
politically and economically except for
a few rich families
the philippine counts
natural resources comprising oil timber
nickel
silver and gold in addition its soils is
rich and fertile or very clear but land
in europe has been still a controversial
issue across history
territorial philippines of course there
is also a controversy here
territory in orlando
in mindanao especially specifically
about how the population in rural and
agricultural is a primary and often only
source of income for rural people
whereas important land is on the power
for landlords and agrarian reform is
going and should end in 2008 but
concrete implementation is extremely
protracted because of land owners
resistance and this generates frequent
tensions
so that's agavan lupa and the camera
intention and the attention
probably had cost to
terrorism okay so
the
the philippines was established
in 1968 by jose maria son
a professor at the university of the
philippines cbp adopted a strategy based
on the struggle for national democracy
through a two-stage revolution
a protracted people were to be followed
by socialist revolution one year later
the npa was organized as the guerilla
military wing of the party to wage tour
to wage a peace and worker regulation
war
in the country against landlords and
foreign companies
cpp heads the national democratic plans
of the philippines or ndfp
which is the political democratic
democratic arm of cppa
it is estimated that the guerrilla army
of cb cpp
now consists
of about 10 000
persons
so cppnp has been labeled as terrorist
organic organizations by us government
and by the european union the eu council
the philippine government has not made a
formal decision pacifying
in pay as terrorist group but it often
considered it as such
cpp and pay or ndfv
sees itself as a as a broad political
revolutionary and liberation movement
and claims it does not attack civilian
targets and it adheres to international
law
okay so npre burlesque claim claimed
responsibility for as an assassination
of two congressmen in may 2001 whom it
considered as legitimate targets
so former cpp chair dolphosalas
acknowledged that in 1980s internal
purge of persons suspected to be
government and
army infiltrators within cpp resulted in
torture execution or about
1 800 cadres and civilians this pack is
still used by the government and by the
country and by the army to attribute the
responsibility of current judicial
killing to cpp
so there are these indeed peace
peace airports to the end
to end the armed conflict between
government the philippines and the npa
had been
ongoing for almost 21 years but stalled
in 2004
on june
okay on june 16 2006
president gloria macapagal arroyo
declared that all art war against npa
however on september 5 2007
she signed conditional to the respect
of certain idea an amnesty proclamation
to the executive only
after congress has approved it
so peace talks stall with one
substantive agreement as an achievement
though the comprehensive agreement
on respect of human rights and
international humanitarian laws
or car real
to overseas the implementation of this
agreement by both sides the parties have
joined appointed a joint monitoring
committee or gmc although it has
convened since 2004 and it has not
agreed upon common procedure it has
continued to register complaints
about human
about human violations or dangerous
amalgam between cpp and pay and
legalistics
lift this organizations
so a recent statement made by president
arroyo during a visit she paid to the
local peace and security assembled lpsa
of the vehicle region on december 13
2007 shows that the executive branch the
government does not allow distinguish
between groups promotion ideology in
peaceful way and group using arms and
daily and violence to promote the same
ideology indeed president arroyo thank
thank
lp for supporting her vision to
eradicate humanism in the country by
year 2010. mr president spoke about
communism as such and not only about
communist insurgency
so during during a meeting in um fed or
mission with the aap vice chief of staff
a dozen of high-ranking officers
at
general headquarters on august 16 2007
afv denied an implication in
extrajudicial killing so the senior
military prosecutor president
of the meeting told the theme mission
that groups such in pa email f and abu
sayyaf are clearly enemies of the state
and that ap is acting in the framework
of the law
so the senior military
later added that there are legal groups
supporting mba and they might left that
and that not all members of those legal
groups are considered enemies of the
state
so they believe that
so i think the fact that you have
engaged with people are also considered
as one of them however according to
these hierarchy officers
some prominent members of those groups
have been identified
on the basis of documents alleged
allegedly covered by afp as giving an
order to kill civilians unfortunately if
he did not provide
the faith mission with a written list of
names and did not inform it about
resulting judicial
proceedings moreover the same senior
military prosecutor third feed mission
the baby soldiers and officers can tell
and recommend to people
especially in zones where in pay is
active to avoid joining
legal groups
so let this lip base
organization announce are labeled as
enemies
of the state legal and peaceful
organizations like peasants or fishermen
organizations mass organizations or
political parties like bayan or anak
pawis are often allegated with cpp
which is an armed group
so in february 2006 arroyo declared
a week-long emergency response knowledge
because finances will be members of the
position including leftists but also
righteous and members of the military
at hundred
at least hundred of leftists were
belonging to legal and peaceful
organizations
or to armed ones who were arrested
charges in
largely groundless and politically
motivated
2005 a slight presentation entitled
know the enemy was reported made
available to the public
among others our
among others is listed legal print
organizations like party list groups
leads religious organizations women
organizations student associations
allegedly allied with cppmp so right now
there is this
connection somehow
despite official denial by ap it is
reported that many different
stakeholders that aed further
broadcasted on pb a similar propaganda
film in 2006. after the issue once in
the february state of emergency
definitely intended to discourage people
to belong
a list of legal
left organizations accusing the latter
of being too close to
so in parallel three books entitled the
trinity of war were also issued by aep
which also contained a list of
organization labeled as allied cpp
including peaceful and legal
political parties finally orders of
battle have reported been established
identifying several groups or people
belonging to a particular category such
as farmers youth
women or workers allegedly to be prones
of the communists
underground the order battle is elicit
enemies from according to the importance
according to philippine peasant
organization or
kmp
the documents that use the term kill but
say neutralize
general palparan has reportedly been the
leading military figure promoting these
guidelines
when asked about these previous
statements accusing organizations such
as bayan
or gabriela
that woman organization as front
organizational mpa general park neither
confirmed nur denied
denied having made such statements
the legal left-wing political party and
the powers also has reported been
labeled as front organizations
as chris pin cabell
the built-in member of house
representative elected on a pause
particularly says
election law
foresees that any political party
advocating for or engaged in the use of
arms should be dismissed
hence as long as no violence is found of
such acts all political parties
including so-called leftists
one should not suffer from any labeling
would it not be the case pressure would
be put on electors
so as to encourage them to support other
parties
this this practice of play billing is
extremely worrying why especially since
the majority of victims of human rights
ballet should belong to so-called
liberties organizations even if
even if they might share the same
ideology a clear distinction should be
drawn between peaceful legal parties and
organization on one hand and the armed
groups on the other hand
how about muslim session is
are in my left there are two main muslim
armed groups in the philippines which
were initially
forming one single movement or the moral
national liberation front eminent life
and moral islamic liberation front
my left which appeared later
both advocate for the dependence of
saudi islands of mindanao but milf
agenda is more rooted in islam
the moro national revelation panda mnlf
was organized in the late 16th early 70s
70s by normie sowari a former professor
of the united
up again up in uh minimal act was to
establish independent borrow nation
through an armed struggle
the armed group is mainly based on
mindanao it is also a political
organization in philippines accredited
by the organization of islamic
conference or oic
on on september to 1996 jakarta accord
brokered by oic between mnf and grp was
signed
this gabriel permanently muslim areas in
midnight a decree observed
role with establishment of
ermm normi suary became a regional
governor and many of the eminent lab
armed units were integrated into ap the
mlf leader was nevertheless later
arrested in 2001 and still under house
arrest today he is very popular in the
philippines but his attempt to
collaborate with grp was in as a mistake
by some including
mi
according to mn reported
so here's the picture
so according to in and reported still
counts more than two to twenty thousand
supporters just to summarize the
relations between civilian and eminent
left repairing support revised from
peasant he says you don't cut hands with
which speed you a tripartite
meeting was set on july 2007 between
male f grp advice in order to revise
1996 gerard at peace accord to say about
delay nurmi sawari said defend nation in
mn never attacked but only defended
itself and he insisted on brotherhood
with his friends indigenous and
christians even the lab is not listed as
a terrorist organization
so i think you are familiar with
missouri who is under house arrest in
the presence of spiritual leader
of nlf and under the surveillance of a
the more islamic liberation
broke away from an
mn of 1977
in order to put
more impossible islamic roots of
movement it used poverty land issues and
economic development in mindanao as a
result of criminalization of the
bangsamoro people by the philippine
government
so the mi was published by
that's we read it
who became its chairman before his death
on july 2003 issued a statement
denouncing terrorism
denouncing terrorism unit iterated mi
committed to achieve peace to the
political statement mi also claims to be
committed to make use of anti-personnel
and
land mines strictly for defensive
purposes and in discriminate manner
mi is nevertheless carrying its sins
as a war of self-determination spoke
person told the team mission and mi
neighbor initiated violence but
responded when it was attacked by
soldiers violating its territory
admitting that this might have caused
collateral damage he added
terrorism was not an issue but it was a
team
exploited by government like mn and mi
also acknowledged that lost commands and
lawless statements at landman's rather
taking refuge near theories
the territories
but disowned by their leadership by
responsible
for acts of violence mi is listed as a
terrorist organization by the us and the
philippine government but it continues
to be target of the anti-terrorism
campaign of the latter and having links
with qaeda and jimeislamia
or gi mi recognize recognizes having
been approached by the latter but denies
any collaboration with it am i said to
have about 12 000 to 12 500 members it
is mainly based on mindanao like mn
reported receives popular support
grp my left peace
negotiations started on january 1997 and
went back
and forth until now attacks allegedly
are perpetrated by emma against
civilians supposedly in jail hostile
attitude
of the government towards mi notably
explained that the process has been
slowed down
okay
groups appeared
more recently in the philippines and
reported have links with al qaeda
according mainly to information provided
by the u.s authorities depending on
inter-law
culture from the civil society fed has
told that they are a u.s product or even
do not exist the majority of the people
met by the question
agreed on the fact that they only
consist of few criminals led more by
profit than any ideology human rights
watch however listed a series of attacks
perpetrated
by those groups
so like mn and mlf they are mainly
located in southern islands in the
philippines north south
however both in an mi claims plane to
distance themselves from partnership
with these extremists and armed groups
individual jamas lamia or
are working increasingly with rasulullah
movement or rsm militant converts to
islam based in manila and northern luzon
who are a vehicle for more experienced
terrorist groups to move into the
country's urban heartland abu sayyaf
considered by the usa as terrorist
organization as well as
by ap which also listed arizona theories
organizations
we have here the sources
you can read it on your own
just click
that or type that and here are
here are the questions to under
analysis and watch you also watch this
video so here's the first question
what is the multiple intention
[Music]
of their attack for you search that
maybe it would come after exam
maybe do you think the attack will
satisfy the
cause or motive
how about the damages how about
the debts would it satisfy
how do you think should the government
respond to such a facts
okay so thank you for
this
topic i think we are listening
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
Government Peace Treaties with Muslims | Readings in Philippine History
What's happening in North East India?
Relasi Islam dan Barat Setelah 2001
Chapter 2.5 Revisiting Corazon Aquino’s Speech Before the U.S Congress
Not Enough Being Done Against Digital Terrorism Under Law: DG ISPR | Dawn News English
2.5 REVISITING CORAZON AQUINO SPEECH BEFORE THE U.S CONGRESS
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)