Group 1: “Global Divides: The North and the South” | MWF 6:31-7:31
Summary
TLDRThis educational script explores the global divide between the developed 'Global North' and the less-developed 'Global South'. It traces the historical roots of this disparity to colonialism and imperialism, highlighting how exploitation enriched the North while impoverishing the South. The script also discusses the Industrial Revolution's impact, the ongoing challenges faced by the South such as poverty and inequality, and the need for equitable global practices to address these issues.
Takeaways
- 🌐 The global divide separates the world into the developed 'Global North' and the less developed 'Global South'.
- 🏛️ Historical roots of the global divide can be traced back to European colonization and imperialism.
- 💼 The colonizers' exploitation enriched the colonizing nations while impoverishing the colonies.
- 🏭 The Industrial Revolution in the Global North widened the gap with the Global South.
- 📉 Many countries in the Global South remain dependent on exporting raw materials and agricultural products.
- 💹 Unequal trade relationships and subsidies in the Global North have contributed to economic disparities.
- 🌍 The legacy of colonialism continues to impact the Global South's struggle with economic and political disadvantages.
- 🌱 Addressing the global divide requires equitable trade practices, debt relief, and international cooperation.
- 🌿 Climate change poses an additional threat to the Global South, affecting countries disproportionately.
- 🔄 The term 'Global South' is a more recent and neutral alternative to the outdated 'Third World'.
- 🌱 Latin American countries have pursued economic sovereignty and regional integration to overcome historical dependency.
Q & A
What is the global divide?
-The global divide refers to the socioeconomic and political distinction between the global North, which includes developed countries with higher levels of wealth, education, and technology, and the global South, which comprises developing countries facing challenges such as poverty, inequality, and limited resources.
What historical factors contributed to the global divide?
-The global divide has its roots in historical processes like colonialism and imperialism, where wealth, power, and resources were concentrated in the hands of Northern countries at the expense of the Southern regions.
How did the Industrial Revolution impact the global divide?
-The Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe and North America in the 18th century, brought prosperity to the global North but widened the gap with the global South, as many countries in the South remained dependent on exporting raw materials and agricultural products.
What are the consequences of the global divide?
-The consequences of the global divide include economic inequality, migration, and environmental challenges. Many countries in the global South struggle to overcome the economic and political disadvantages imposed by their colonial past.
What is the difference between the global South and the third world?
-The term 'third world' originated during the Cold War to describe countries not aligned with either the Western or Soviet blocs and later became associated with underdevelopment. The 'global South' is a more recent term that emphasizes shared experiences of economic and social inequalities and the impact of colonialism, without the negative connotations of 'third world'.
How does the global North maintain its advantage over the global South?
-The global North maintains its advantage through factors such as unequal trade relationships, imposing tariffs on imports from developing countries, providing subsidies and government support to their industries, and having greater political influence on the global stage.
What are some examples of countries in the global North?
-Countries typically considered part of the global North include developed countries in regions such as North America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia, like the United Kingdom, France, and the United States.
What are some examples of countries in the global South?
-Countries often considered part of the global South include nations across Latin America, Africa, and much of Asia, such as India, the Philippines, Nigeria, and Brazil.
How does the global South aim to overcome its challenges?
-The global South aims to overcome its challenges through strategies like equitable trade practices, debt relief, sustainable development, and international cooperation, as well as pursuing economic sovereignty and regional integration.
What is Dependency Theory and how does it relate to the global South?
-Dependency Theory was developed by Latin American scholars to criticize the global system that kept them economically dependent. It inspired efforts to break free from exploitative trade relations and assert greater control over their economies.
How do Latin American countries contribute to the concept of global relations?
-Latin American countries contribute to the concept of global relations by providing unique perspectives on national and regional political realities, emphasizing autonomy, self-determination, and the need for more inclusive and diverse viewpoints in global governance.
Outlines
🌍 Global Divide: Origins and Impact
This paragraph discusses the global divide between the global North and South, characterized by economic development, political influence, and social indicators. The global North, often associated with Western countries, enjoys higher levels of development, while the global South, including most countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia, faces challenges such as poverty, inequality, and limited access to resources. The historical roots of this divide are traced back to European colonization and imperialism, which established unfair economic and political systems favoring the colonizers. The Industrial Revolution further widened the gap, with the global North benefiting from increased productivity while the South remained dependent on exporting raw materials. Unequal trade relationships and subsidies in the North have contributed to persistent economic disparities. Despite progress, many countries in the global South continue to face significant challenges, and addressing the global divide requires equitable trade practices, debt relief, sustainable development, and international cooperation.
🌐 Understanding the Global North and South
The second paragraph delves into the distinction between the global North and South, emphasizing that it is more than just a geographical division. The global North includes developed countries in North America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia, known for high income levels, advanced technologies, and significant political influence. In contrast, the global South comprises nations in Latin America, Africa, and much of Asia, which are less industrialized and face greater challenges such as poverty and political instability. The paragraph also explains the historical context, including postcolonial struggles that left many Southern nations economically and politically vulnerable. It discusses how the global North has largely driven global decision-making, while the global South grapples with the consequences of systems shaped by Northern priorities. The terms 'third world' and 'global South' are compared, with the latter being a more recent and politically correct term that emphasizes shared experiences of economic and social inequalities.
📊 Factors Contributing to Global South's Underdevelopment
Paragraph three explores the factors contributing to the underdevelopment of the global South, including historical factors like colonialism and unequal trade relationships. It mentions that after gaining independence, many countries in the global South continued to have unfavorable trade terms that hindered their economic growth. The global South has also historically received less foreign investment and aid compared to the global North, which has limited its economic potential. High levels of debt in many countries have diverted resources away from development. Political instability, conflicts, corruption, and weak governance have also created unfavorable conditions for investment and growth. The lack of institutional capacity and infrastructure in many countries of the global South further impedes economic development. Additionally, global factors such as climate change disproportionately affect the global South, leading to natural disasters, crop failures, and population displacement.
🌱 Latin America's Pursuit of Economic Autonomy
The final paragraph focuses on Latin America's efforts to achieve economic autonomy and regional integration. It discusses how Latin American countries have historically struggled with economic dependency, resulting from their role as exporters of raw materials to richer, industrialized nations. To overcome this, they have pursued economic sovereignty and regional integration as key strategies. Initiatives like Mercosur and ALBA aim to strengthen regional trade, reduce reliance on Western powers, and promote collective self-reliance. The establishment of alternative financial institutions, such as the Bank of the South, demonstrates the region's commitment to funding development independently of Western neoliberal conditions. These strategies have helped Latin America strengthen its economic autonomy, allowing it to play a more influential role in the global economy. The paragraph also highlights how Latin American thinkers have contributed unique perspectives to the field of international relations, emphasizing autonomy and self-determination rather than a complete overhaul of global governance.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Global North
💡Global South
💡Colonialism
💡Industrial Revolution
💡Economic Disparity
💡Structural Adjustment Programs
💡Climate Change
💡Equitable Trade Practices
💡Debt Relief
💡Sustainable Development
💡Dependency Theory
Highlights
The global divide is crucial for understanding contemporary global issues such as economic inequality, migration, and environmental challenges.
The historical roots of the global divide can be traced back to European colonization and imperialism.
Colonizers extracted valuable raw materials and resources from colonized territories, enriching themselves and impoverishing the colonies.
Unfair economic and political systems imposed by colonizers limited the economic development of colonized regions and suppressed local cultures.
The legacy of colonialism continues to shape the global divide today.
The Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America marked a significant turning point in global economic development.
Many countries in the global South remain dependent on the export of raw materials and agricultural products.
Unequal trade relationships and subsidies in the global North have contributed to the persistent economic disparities.
The global divide persists with many countries facing significant challenges including poverty, inequality, and limited access to essential services.
The term 'third world' originated during the Cold War and is now considered outdated and somewhat pejorative.
The term 'Global South' emphasizes shared experiences of economic and social inequalities and the impact of colonialism.
The global North primarily includes developed countries with high income levels, advanced technologies, and robust infrastructures.
The global South comprises nations facing greater challenges like poverty, inequality, and political instability.
Postcolonial struggles for independence left many Southern Nations economically and politically vulnerable.
The global North has largely driven global decision-making, while the global South often grapples with the consequences.
Addressing the global divide requires equitable trade practices, debt relief, sustainable development, and international cooperation.
Climate change poses an additional threat to the global South, with developing countries being disproportionately affected.
Dependency Theory was developed by Latin American scholars to criticize the global system that kept them economically dependent.
Regional integration and economic sovereignty are key strategies pursued by Latin American countries to overcome economic dependency.
The pursuit of economic sovereignty and regional integration in Latin America reflects determined efforts to break free from historical patterns of dependency.
Latin American experiences have given rise to various conceptions of global relations, contributing unique perspectives to international affairs.
Transcripts
this is for educational purposes only
our group allowed our instructor Mr ran
Ard to use this as an educational
material as this map illustrates the
bank line roughly separates these two
regions the global North often
associated with Western countries enjoys
higher levels of economic development
political influence and social
indicators in contrast the global sou
which includes most countries in Africa
Latin America and Asia faces numerous
challenges related to Poverty inequality
and limited access to
resources understanding Global divide is
crucial to comprehending contemporary
Global issues such such as economic
inequality migration and environmental
challenges the historical roots of the
global divide can be traced back to the
era of European
colonis and imperialism for
European powers established vast
colonial empires exerting control over
vast territories and exploiting their
resources and labor colonizers extracted
valuable raw materials such as minerals
Timber and agricultural products from
colonized territories the exploitation
enriched the colonizing Nations while
improvising the colonies moreover the
colonizers impose unfair economic and
political systems that favored their own
interests these systems often limited to
economic development of colonized
regions and suppressed local cultures
and
traditions the legacy of colon colon
colonialism continues to shape the
global divide today as many countries in
the global South struggle to overcome
the economic and political disadvantage
imposed by their colonial past the
Industrial Revolution which began in
Europe in North America in the 18th
century marked a significant turning
point in global economic development the
invention of machines and development of
factories led to increased productivity
and
efficiency while the Industrial
Revolution brought prosperity to the
global North it also widened the Gap
with the global South many countries in
the global South remain dependent on
exporter of raw materials and
agricultural products making them
vulnerable to price fluctuation in
Global Market unequal trade
relationships further
exaggerated this divide development
countries often impose THS on imports
from developing countries limiting their
Market access additionally subsidies
from other forms of government support
provided to Industries in a global North
gave them a competitive
Advantage these factors contributed to
the persistent economic disparities
between Global North and Global South
South reinforcing the global divide
despite the progress made by some
countries in the global South the global
divide persists many continue to face
significant challenges including poverty
inequality and limited access to
essential Services the legacy of
colonialism coupled with globalization
and neoliberal policies has
exagerated these
challenges structural adjustment
programs imposed by International
financial institutions often led to
social hardship and increased
inequality climate change poses an
addition threat to the global South with
developing countries being
disproportionately affected by rising
sea levels extreme weather events and
desertification addressing the global
divide requires a
multifaceted approach that includes
Equitable Trade Practices debt and
relief sustainable development and an
international
cooperation by working together we can
create a more just and Equitable world
of
all the division between Global North
and Global South is a socioeconomic and
political distinction that goes beyond
simple geography the global n primarily
includes developed countries in region
such as North America Western Europe and
parts of Asia these countries are
characterized by high income levels
Advanced Technologies robust
infrastructures and greater political
influence on the global stage the global
South by
contrast comprises Nations across Latin
America Africa and much of Asia where
economies tend to be less industrialized
and face greater challenges like poverty
inequality and political
instability this divide is deeply rooted
in historical processes particularly
colonialism and imperialism where wealth
power and resources were concentrated in
the hands of Northern countries at the
expense of the Southern
regions postcolonial struggles for
Independence left many Southern Nations
economically and politically vulnerable
further widening the Gap over time the
global North has largely D driven Global
decision making while a global South
often grapples with the consequences of
Global Systems shaped by Northern
priorities today debates around
development climate change and trade
reflect the ongoing disparities and
power imbalances that this divide
encapsulates the global divide between
the North and the South is a
socieconomic and political
disparity the N typically consisting of
devel veled countries enjoys higher
level of wealth education and
technology in contrast the South often
composed of developing countries faces
challenges such as poverty inequality
and limited
resources historical factors like
colonialism and economic policies have
contributed to this divide perpetuating
disparities and development and
opportunities
while the Divide is complex and
multifaced understanding its Origins and
consequences is crucial for addressing
Global inequalities promoting
sustainability
development what is the difference
between the third world and Global
South the terms third world and Global
South are both used to describe groups
of countries but they stem from
different historical conexs third world
was going during the Cold War to refer
to countries that were not aligned with
either the Western block or the Soviet
block over time the term be became
associated with poverty under
development and lack of industrial
industrialization which led to its being
viewed as outdated and somewhat
pejorative the third world
example uh during the Cold War countries
like India Egypt and Yugoslavia were
considered part of the third world
because they were nonaligned meaning
they did not formally side with either
the United States or the Soviet Union
India for instance played a leading role
in the non-aligned movement which aimed
to avoid the influence of the major
powers on the other hand Global South is
a more recent term that emerg as a
neutral and politically correct
alternative
it emphasizes the shared experience of
countries in Africa Latin America Asia
and Oceania particularly regarding
economic and social inequalities and the
impact of colonialism and Global power
dynamics the term is commonly used in
discussions of global development and
geopolitics focusing on the disparities
between these regions and the more
developed nations of the global North
the example of global South is Brazil is
often I often referred to as part of the
global South in contemporary discussion
the term is used to highlight Brazil's
status as a developing country facing
economic challenges and social
inequalities despite being a major
regional power the use of global South
emphasizes Brazil's shared experiences
with other countries in Latin America
Africa and Asia particularly in in terms
of historical exploitation and ongoing
development struggle I'll be defining
Global South the term Global South
refers to countries that are generally
located in the southern hemisphere
although it is more of a socioeconomic
and political
designation than a
strictly geographical one this country
often characterized by lower levels of
industrialization econom development and
income per capita the term is used
to contrast with a global ner which
includes wealthier more developed
countries the global South typically
includes regions such as Africa Latin
America and the Caribbean parts of Asia
particularly South and Southeast Asia
and the Middle East the example of the
global South country is India India is a
prominent example of a global South
Country it is a developing Nation with
significant economic growth but still
faces challenges related to Poverty
inequality and
inor despite these challenges India
plays a crucial role in global Affairs
and has a rapidly growing economy that
is the reason why Global South is less
economic developed the global South is a
term used to describe the less
economically developed countries of the
world primarily located in the southern
hemisphere it is contrasted with the
global North which refers to more
developed countries of the northern
hemisphere the underdevelopment of the
global South is a complex issue with no
single cause there are some the main
factors that have contributed to this
disparity and like historical
factors and unequal trade relationships
after Independence many countries in the
global South contined to have unequal
trade relationship with the global n
with unfavorable terms of trade that
favored develop
countries and economic
factors and lack of investment the
global South has historically receive
less foreign investment and Aid compared
to the global n limiting it economic
growth
potential and Deb many countries in the
global South have struggled with high
levels of Deb which can divert resources
from development and create a cycle of
poverty and political and social factors
and political instability conflicts
corruption and weak governance can
create a hostile environment for
investment and economic growth and lack
of institutional capacity many countries
in the global South lack the necessary
institution and infrastructure to
support Economic Development and in
global factors such as climate change
the global South is disproportionately
affected by climate change which can
lead to natural
disasters and crop failures and
displacement of populations and here's
some some of examples of countries
typically considered of the global North
such in Europe like United Kingdom
France and North America here and here
is example of countries that typically
considered part of global South and in
Asia there's India like in our pH
Philippines Africa and Nigeria
differentiate the global south from the
third world third world these terms
originated during the Cold War to
describe countries that were neither
aligned with NATO the first world nor
with the Communist block or the second
world over time it became associated
with
countries that were economic
underdeveloped or less
industrialized today the term is
considered outdated and potential proera
due to its association with simplistic
of often negative View of De development
and progress the global South these
terms are generally refers to countries
located in the Southern Hemisphere or
those that are less economically
developed or regardless of geographic
location it emphasiz a shared experience
historical
economization economic and
marginalization and ongoing struggles
with
inequality the term is used to foster a
sense of solidarity
among countries facing Sim similar
systemic issue and and focuses their
potential for Collective action and
development in analyzing how A New
Concept of global relations emerged from
experiences of Latin American countries
economic sovereignity and Regional
integration is one of the best example
Latin American countries have
historically grumped with economic
dependency a condition resulting from
their rules of exporters of raw
materials to richer industrialized
nations the term of Trades were often
unfavorable trapping these countries in
cycle of
underdevelopment to overcome this and
assert greater control over their
economies Latin American pursued
economic sovereignity and Regional
integration as key strategies let's
analyze it a Dependency Theory and
economic
critics Latin American Scholars develop
Dependency Theory to critic the global
system that keep them economically
dependent inspiring efforts to break
free from exploitative trades relations
B Regional integration and
strategies initiatives like Miss Cur and
Alba focus on threatening re Regional
trades reducing Reliance on Western
powers and promoting Collective
self-reliance within Latin America C
alternative to Western financial
institution projects like Bank of South
were launched to fund development
without neoliberal conditions of Western
Financial entities supporting Latin
American economic
sovereignity the pursuit of Economic
sovereignity and Regional integration in
Latin America reflects a determined
efforts to break free from historical
patterns of dependency and external
control by critic and globally economic
system through Dependency Theory Latin
America Nations recognize the need of
reduced Reliance on Western Powers this
Leed to the creation of regional blocks
like mosur and Alba which prioritize
internal trades and Collective
self-reliance additionally the
establishment of alternate
financial institution such as Bank of
the South highlights the Region's
commitment to funding and its
development independently of Western
neoliberal conditions together the
strategies have strengthening Latin
America's economic autonomy allowing the
regions to assert a more influential and
self-determined rule in global
economy Latin American countries
experiences have given rise to the
various conceptions of global relations
contributing unique perspectives to the
field of international Affairs Latin
American thinkers have provided
explanations and interpretations of both
National and regional political
realities from their own
viewpoints influencing
broader generalization and impacting the
international and Regional
systems their understanding of global
governance
place a strong emphasis on autonomy
viewing it as a crucial aspect of
self-determination rather than seeking a
complete overhaul of global governance
Latin American countries have aimed to
secure
autonomy adapt to opportunities to
reshape
existing rules while reducing external
pressures the development of the Latin
American international relations substit
system has been marked by the formation
of integration Focus unions of an even
distribution of distinct features
exemplified by the Latin American free
trade American Common Market these
experiences have shaped Latin American
perspective on global
relations underscoring the importance of
incorporations more inclusive and
diverse viewpoints in Public Relation
and Global governance ni
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