What is an atom | Matter | Physics | FuseSchool
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the microscopic world of atoms, the building blocks of all matter in the universe. It explains that atoms, though incredibly small and invisible to the naked eye, are composed of subatomic particles: protons and neutrons in the positively charged nucleus, and negatively charged electrons orbiting around it. The video highlights that the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus, while the atom's size is much larger due to the electron's orbit. It also touches on the concept of electron shells and their energy levels, setting the stage for understanding the periodic table and the structure of different elements.
Takeaways
- 👀 Atoms are so small that they can't be seen with the naked eye and are barely visible with powerful microscopes.
- 🤔 Everything in the universe, including humans and devices, is made up of atoms.
- 🔢 There are approximately 7 x 10^27 atoms in the human body.
- 💥 Atoms consist of a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting around it.
- ⚡ Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged.
- 🌐 The nucleus is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons, similar to how planets orbit the sun.
- 🌌 The mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus, with electrons being much lighter.
- 📏 The radius of an atom is typically 10^-10 meters, making the nucleus much smaller relative to the atom's size.
- 🌀 Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific orbits or shells, and each shell corresponds to a specific energy level.
- 🌟 Electrons closest to the nucleus have the least energy, while those in outer shells have higher energy levels.
Q & A
What are atoms and why are they important?
-Atoms are tiny particles that make up all matter in the universe, including our bodies and the device you're using. They are important because they are the building blocks of everything we see and interact with.
How many atoms are estimated to be in the human body?
-There are approximately 7 billion billion billion atoms in the human body, which is 7 times 10 to the power of 27 atoms.
What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom?
-An atom is made up of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus.
What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
-Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.
How do electrons relate to the nucleus in terms of charge?
-Electrons are negatively charged and are attracted to the positively charged nucleus due to electrostatic forces, similar to how planets are attracted to the sun by gravity.
Where is the majority of an atom's mass concentrated?
-The majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in its nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons.
How does the mass of an electron compare to that of protons and neutrons?
-Electrons are approximately 2,000 times lighter than protons and neutrons.
What is the typical size of an atom measured by?
-The size of an atom is typically measured by its radius, which is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost shell of electrons.
What is the approximate radius of an atom?
-The radius of an atom is typically 10 to the power of negative 10 meters.
How do electrons orbit the nucleus, and what determines their energy levels?
-Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific orbits or shells, with each shell representing a specific energy level. Electrons closer to the nucleus have lower energy levels, while those further away have higher energy levels.
What is the significance of the number of shells or orbitals in an atom?
-The number of shells or orbitals in an atom determines the atom's structure and its chemical properties, which in turn influence how it interacts with other atoms.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Atoms
This paragraph introduces atoms as the fundamental building blocks of the universe, too small to be seen with the naked eye and only observable with powerful microscopes. It mentions that everything, including the human body and the device one is using, is composed of atoms. The human body alone contains approximately 7 x 10^27 atoms. The paragraph sets the stage for a deeper exploration of atoms' composition, mass, size, and electron arrangement.
🌌 Subatomic Particles and Atomic Structure
The paragraph delves into the structure of an atom, explaining that atoms are made up of even smaller particles known as subatomic particles. These include a central nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus' overall positive charge attracts the electrons, similar to how planets orbit the sun due to gravity. This section provides a basic understanding of the atom's composition.
🌐 Mass and Size of Atoms
The focus of this paragraph is on the mass and size of atoms. It explains that protons and neutrons have similar masses, while electrons are significantly lighter, approximately 2,000 times lighter. Consequently, the mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus. The size of an atom is described in terms of its radius, which is typically 10^-10 meters, indicating that atoms are extremely small, with the nucleus being much smaller relative to the entire atom.
🌌 Electron Shells and Energy Levels
This paragraph discusses the electron shells or orbitals surrounding the nucleus, where electrons exist at specific energy levels. Each shell corresponds to a different energy level, with electrons closest to the nucleus having the least energy and those in higher shells having more. The paragraph uses the analogy of planets orbiting the sun to describe electron movement, emphasizing that electrons can only occupy specific orbits with particular energy levels. It also hints at the diversity in atomic structure across different elements and the role of the periodic table in understanding these variations.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Atom
💡Subatomic Particles
💡Nucleus
💡Protons
💡Neutrons
💡Electrons
💡Charge
💡Mass
💡Radius
💡Shells or Orbitals
💡Energy Levels
Highlights
Atoms are tiny particles that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Everything in the universe, including humans and devices, is made up of atoms.
There are approximately 7 x 10^27 atoms in the human body.
Atoms consist of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
Protons are positively charged, while neutrons are neutral.
Electrons orbit the nucleus and are negatively charged.
The nucleus and electrons are electrostatically attracted to each other.
The mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus.
Electrons are approximately 2,000 times lighter than protons and neutrons.
The radius of an atom is typically 10^-10 meters.
The nucleus is much smaller than the atom as a whole.
Electrons orbit in specific orbits or shells.
Each shell represents a specific energy level.
Electrons closest to the nucleus have the least energy.
Electrons in higher shells have higher energy levels.
The structure of atoms varies between different elements.
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic structure.
Transcripts
[Music]
atoms are tiny particles that are so
small they're not possible to see with
the naked eye
and they're only possible barely to make
out with the most powerful microscopes
everything that exists in our universe
is made up of atoms including you i and
the device you're watching this on in
fact there are about 7 billion billion
billion atoms in your body alone
which is 7 times 10 to the 27
atoms
but what is an atom
in this video we are going to look at
what atoms are made of and the mass and
size of atoms and the arrangement of
electrons in an atom
atoms may be tiny particles themselves
but they are made of even smaller
particles called subatomic particles
atoms consist of a central nucleus that
contains protons and neutrons
protons are positively charged and
neutrons have no charge
this makes the nucleus overall
positively charged
much like how the sun has planets
orbiting it the nucleus has electrons
orbiting electrons have a negative
charge
because electrons are negatively charged
and the nucleus is positively charged
they are electrostatically attracted to
each other
like how gravity ensures attraction
between planets and the sun
so that's the general structure of an
atom what about its mass and size
protons and neutrons have the same mass
but electrons are so small they weigh
almost nothing in comparison to protons
and neutrons in fact they are around 2
000 times lighter
as a result the massive electron is
concentrated at its nucleus
so that's the mass of an atom let's talk
about its size
one way to describe the size of an atom
is its radius
the radius of an atom is the distance
from its center where its nucleus is to
the outermost shell of electrons
the radius of an atom is typically 10 to
the power negative 10 meters
which is very small
so the majority of the mass of an atom
is contained in its nucleus but in terms
of size the nucleus is much smaller than
the atom as a whole in fact electrons
can orbit really far away from the
nucleus if the atom was the size of a
sports arena the nucleus could be the
size of a p in the middle
let's finish off by looking at the
electrons in little more detail
negatively charged electrons orbit
around the positive nucleus in specific
orbits or shells
different atoms have different numbers
of shells or orbitals
[Music]
each shell is of a specific energy level
meaning an electron must possess a
certain amount of energy to reside in a
certain shell
electrons and shells closest to the
nucleus have the least energy and
electrons in the altimeter shell have
the highest energy levels
in other words electrons orbit the
nucleus similar to how planets orbit the
sun however electrons can only orbit at
specific distances and with specific
energies
we will look at the differences in
structure of atoms of different elements
and the periodic table in this video
so there we have the structure of an
atom
atoms have a positively charged nucleus
made up of positively charged protons
and neutrally charged neutrons
which is orbited by negatively charged
electrons
the majority of the mass of an atom is
found in the nucleus and the typical
size of atoms is 10 to the power
negative 10 meters
to learn about how we discovered the
existence of atoms and the structure of
atoms watch this video
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