A Level English Language (9093) Paper 3: N-Gram Graphs (2022 Past Papers)
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the concept of anagram graphs, which are instrumental in analyzing word and phrase frequency within a corpus. A corpus, being a structured collection of text, allows us to observe linguistic shifts over time. The video explores how anagram graphs illustrate the evolution of language, including semantic shifts and colloquialisms. It uses examples from past papers to demonstrate changes in word usage, such as the rise of 'inappropriate' over 'unbecoming' and the decline of traditional forms in favor of 'etc.' The video also discusses the impact of digital communication on language simplification and efficiency.
Takeaways
- 📚 An anagram graph is a tool used to analyze the frequency of words or phrases within a corpus, which is a large collection of text.
- 🕰️ The graph serves as a time machine, allowing us to observe changes in language usage and the impact of cultural and social changes over time.
- 📊 The x-axis of an anagram graph represents time, while the y-axis represents the frequency of words as a percentage of their usage.
- 📈 The height of a line or curve on the graph indicates the popularity of a word at a specific time period.
- 📉 The script discusses how the adjective 'Unbecoming' has decreased in usage, while 'inappropriate' has become more prevalent in modern English.
- 🔍 Semantic shift is identified as a factor contributing to the change in usage of certain words, with 'inappropriate' having a broader connotation than 'Unbecoming'.
- 🗣️ 'Inappropriate' is considered more colloquial and neutral, making it more accessible and respectful in everyday language compared to 'Unbecoming'.
- 📉 The graph from 1750 to 2000 shows a decline in traditional forms and a rise in the use of 'Etc', possibly due to simplification and efficiency in digital communication.
- 🔠 The spelling 'ceiling' has become standardized over alternative spellings like 'cielings', aligning with modern pronunciation.
- 📊 The graph indicates a shift from 'is become' to 'has become' in expressing the present perfect tense, reflecting grammatical consistency.
- ⬇️ The term 'incorrigible' has seen a decline in usage, possibly due to its specificity, while 'wayward' remains relevant and versatile in describing behavior.
Q & A
What is an anagram graph?
-An anagram graph is a tool used to examine the frequency of words or phrases within a given corpus. It helps in studying changes in language usage, the rise and fall of certain words or phrases, and the impact of cultural, social, and technological changes on language.
What is a corpus in the context of language analysis?
-A corpus is a large and structured collection of written, spoken, or recorded text. It serves as a body of text from which linguistic information can be extracted for analysis.
How does an anagram graph function as a time machine?
-An anagram graph functions as a time machine by allowing us to observe how certain words have gained or lost popularity over time, how grammatical structures have evolved, and how language has adapted to cultural and social changes throughout different time periods.
What does the x-axis represent in an anagram graph?
-In an anagram graph, the x-axis represents a time period, indicating the progression of years.
What does the y-axis represent in an anagram graph?
-The y-axis in an anagram graph represents the frequency of the words as a percentage, showing how frequently these words appear.
Why has the term 'inappropriate' gained popularity over 'unbecoming'?
-The term 'inappropriate' has gained popularity over 'unbecoming' due to semantic shift, where societal norms and values have evolved, broadening the concept of unacceptable behavior. 'Inappropriate' also has a broader and more flexible connotation and is more colloquially accessible.
What factors have contributed to the decline in the usage of 'these forms' and the rise of 'etc.'?
-The decline in the usage of 'these forms' and the rise of 'etc.' can be attributed to simplification and the greater need for efficiency in conveying messages, especially within the constraints of character limits in digital platforms.
Why has the spelling 'ceiling' become more accepted over alternative spellings?
-The spelling 'ceiling' (with an 'e' before the 'i') has become more accepted because it aligns more closely with the modern pronunciation of the word.
What does the shift from 'is become' to 'has become' indicate about the English language?
-The shift from 'is become' to 'has become' indicates a standardization in the use of the present perfect tense in English, where 'has become' follows the pattern of using the auxiliary verb 'has' followed by the past participle form of the verb.
Why might the term 'wayward' have remained more commonly used than 'incorrigible'?
-The term 'wayward' might have remained more commonly used than 'incorrigible' because it is more versatile and applicable in various contexts, such as describing behavior, actions, or even physical objects, while 'incorrigible' is often used in more specific contexts, like describing someone's character or unchanging negative traits.
Outlines
📈 Analyzing Language Trends with Anagram Graphs
This paragraph introduces the concept of an anagram graph, a tool used to analyze the frequency of words or phrases within a corpus, which is a large collection of text. The anagram graph is described as a 'time machine' that allows us to observe changes in language usage over time, including the rise and fall of words and the impact of cultural and social changes. The video will analyze these graphs and discuss the reasons behind the observed changes in language. The explanation includes how to interpret anagram graphs, with the x-axis representing time and the y-axis showing word frequency as a percentage. The paragraph also discusses two specific examples: the shift from 'unbecoming' to 'inappropriate' due to semantic changes and societal evolution, and the rise of 'etc' as a more efficient and concise term in digital communication.
📚 Evolution of Spellings and Phrases in English
The second paragraph delves into the evolution of spellings and phrases in the English language, using anagram graphs to illustrate changes over time. It discusses how certain spellings, like 'ceiling', have become standardized due to better alignment with modern pronunciation. The paragraph also examines the frequency of phrases like 'has become' versus 'is become', noting a decline in the latter and a rise in the former, which is a standard grammatical construction in English. Additionally, it explores the changing usage of words like 'wayward' and 'incorrigible', suggesting that while 'wayward' remains relevant, 'incorrigible' may be less commonly used due to its specificity and formality.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Anagram Graph
💡Corpus
💡Semantic Shift
💡Colloquial Language
💡Simplification
💡Efficiency in Communication
💡Standardized Form
💡Present Perfect Tense
💡Wayward
💡Incorrigible
Highlights
An anagram graph is a tool to examine the frequency of words or phrases within a given corpus.
A corpus is a large and structured collection of written, spoken, or recorded text.
Anagram graphs can study changes in language usage and the impact of cultural, social, and technological changes on language.
The graph acts as a time machine, exploring how words gained or lost popularity over time.
The x-axis of the graph represents a time period, and the y-axis represents the frequency of words as a percentage.
The graph may include separate lines or curves for each word, representing their frequency over time.
The usage of adjectives 'unbecoming' and 'inappropriate' has changed over time, with 'inappropriate' gaining popularity.
Semantic shift may be a factor behind the change in usage of 'unbecoming' and 'inappropriate'.
Colloquial language has made 'inappropriate' a more accessible term compared to the formal 'unbecoming'.
The graph shows a decline in the usage of traditional forms and a rise in the usage of 'etc.'
Simplification and efficiency in conveying messages could be reasons behind the increased use of 'etc.'
The graph from 1750 to 2000 shows a decline in alternative spellings and an increase in usage of 'ceiling'.
Changes in spelling align with modern pronunciation, as seen with the word 'ceiling'.
The phrase 'has become' has become more frequent compared to 'is become' or 'has began'.
The graph indicates a decline in usage of 'incorrigible' and a rise in 'wayward' as terms for unacceptable behavior.
The term 'wayward' may have remained relevant due to its versatility in describing behavior or physical objects.
The term 'incorrigible' is often used in specific contexts, such as describing someone's character.
Transcripts
hello everyone welcome back to my
channel in today's video we'll be
focusing on paper three question one and
taking a closer look at Tech C that is
in Campground
what exactly is an anagram graph
engram graph is a great tool to examine
the frequency of words or phrases within
a given Corpus and what is a corpus it's
a large and structured collection of
written spoken or the recorded text
by studying the engram graph we can
study changes in language usage the rise
and fall of certain words or phrases and
even we can trace the impact of cultural
social technological changes on language
the Android graph acts as a time machine
taking us back to different time periods
in history to explore how certain words
had gained or lost popularity over time
how grammatical structures have evolved
how language has adapted the cultural
and social changes
throughout this video we'll be analyzing
the anagram graph And discussing the
reasons behind the changes we observe
with explore how line which has adapted
and transformed over the years
make sure to hit that subscribe button
and turn on notification so you won't
miss any of my upcoming videos on
language analysis to analyze the engram
graph we need to consider a few things
first the first thing to understand is a
graph interpretation the x-axis
represents a time period indicating the
progression of years
and the y-axis represents the frequency
of the words as a percentage the values
on the y-axis indicate how frequently
these words appear the graph may include
separate lines of Curves for each word
representing their respective frequency
over time height of the line at each
point on the x-axis indicate the
frequency the word during that specific
years
let me show you the anagram graph that
was given in October November 2022 past
paper
and engram graph shows here how the
usage of given adjectives of that is
Unbecoming and inappropriate has a
change over time Unbecoming has been
more prevalent in the earlier years
representing the language of the time as
the language evolved inappropriate has
gained popularity as a more commonly
used term
and the reduction in the frequency of
the adjective Unbecoming and increased
use of the term inappropriate in Modern
English can be attributed to several
factors
and what are those factors uh the first
one uh may be semantic shift
semantic shift means the meaning change
on becoming traditionally refers to
becoming to the behavioral actions that
are considered improper in terms of
social norms manners or expectations
however as a societal norms and values
evolve the concept of what is considered
unacceptable Behavior may have broadened
appropriate has a broader and more
flexible connotation encompassing a
wider range of behaviors or actions that
are not fitting in a given context
the second Factor would be colloquial
language the word inappropriate has
become a more colloquially accessible
term that is widely used in everyday
language conversations in various
contexts compared to the relatively
formal and archaic sounding word that is
on becoming
the propagate is also seen as a more
neutral and objective term whereas
Unbecoming may carry subjective
judgments
the use of inappropriate allows for a
more respectful and non-judgmental
approach when discussing actions of
behavior that are considered
unacceptable
let me show you another engram graph
that was given in October November past
paper
examining this engram graph from 1750 to
2000 provides Visual Evidence of the
declining frequency of traditional forms
and the rising frequency of Etc as a
replacement
the graph shows are steady decrease in
the usage of these forms over time while
Etc would exhibit an upward Trend in
usage particularly in the more recent
years
and the reasoning could be
simplification
Etc provides a shorter a more concise
for making easier and quicker to convey
the tenant meaning another reason could
be greater need for efficiency in
conveying messages using digital
platforms
Etc fits well within the constraints of
character limits in-text social media
let me show you another anagram graph
from my June 2022 past paper we can
observe a decline in the frequency of
the alternative spellings year over time
while the word ceiling demonstrates an
increase in usage
hear the word ceiling that is e i l i n
g has become the accepted in the
standardized form of the world while the
word plaster and the Play Store and
cielings this spelling they all have
become fallen out of favor due to
changes in spelling
in the case of ceiling that is C or E L
I N G uh the change to the spelling
c-e-r-l-i-n-g aligns more closely with
the modern pronunciation
from the same months and here we have
another n-gram graph and here the grand
Graham graph shows a higher frequency or
the phrase has become as compared to the
phrase is become or the period from 1720
to 2000.
the graph that indicates decline in the
usage of the phrase is become and the
corresponding rise in the usage of the
phrase has begun which is a perfect
construction for expressing the present
perfect tense in English
has become is a standard grammatical
Construction in English and it follows
the patterns of using the auxiliary verb
has followed by the past participle form
of the verb this structure has remained
consistent over time
here the graph from May June 2022 shows
a higher frequency for Wayward as
compared to the word impossible over the
period from 1700 to 2000 though
incorrigible was used in more uh in the
past
the graph data indicates a decline in
the usage of incorrigible and relatively
higher frequency
for Wayward as a term more acceptable
and commonly used in English language
usage
the concept of behavior associated with
being Wayward may have remained relevant
throughout the centuries as an
employee's deviation from expected or
conventional Behavior
on the other hand the term incorrigible
which refers to the person or behavior
that is difficult impossible to correct
may have become less commonly used and
replaced by the alternative terms
we were maybe more versatile and
applicable in different contexts such as
describing Behavior actions or even
physical objects
incorrigible on the other hand is often
used in more specific contexts such as
describing someone's character or
unchanging negative trade and maybe it
is commonly used in everyday
conversation
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