9 and 4 abdominal anatomical regions
Summary
TLDRThis video explains how to divide the abdomen into regions to describe anatomical locations. It covers two methods: the four-quadrant system, dividing the abdomen into right/left upper and lower quadrants, and the nine-region method, which uses additional lines and landmarks like the midclavicular lines, subcostal, and trans-tubercular planes. Each region's name, such as epigastric or hypochondriac, is explained with a brief history of terms like 'hypochondriac.' This knowledge helps describe organ locations, pain, or abnormalities accurately.
Takeaways
- 😀 The abdomen can be divided into four quadrants or nine regions for anatomical reference.
- 📏 The four quadrants are formed by two lines: the median plane and the transumbilical plane, intersecting at the umbilicus.
- 🏥 The four quadrants are the right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, and left lower quadrant.
- ✂️ The nine-region division is more detailed, using two mid-clavicular lines, the subcostal plane, and the trans-tubercular plane.
- 📍 The central region is called the umbilical region, located at the belly button.
- 🍽️ Above the umbilical region is the epigastric region, while below it is the hypogastric (or pubic) region.
- 🔍 The lateral regions are called the left and right lumbar (or flank) regions, located on either side of the umbilical region.
- 🏋️♂️ The hypochondriac regions are located on either side of the epigastrium, referring to the area below the rib cartilage.
- ⚕️ The term 'hypochondriac' originates from ancient medical theories linking organs in the hypochondriac region to melancholy and anxiety.
- 🧭 Understanding these regions helps medical professionals accurately describe the location of pain, lumps, or organs within the abdomen.
Q & A
What is the purpose of dividing the abdomen into quadrants and regions?
-The purpose is to describe anatomical locations accurately, such as where an organ, lump, or pain is located, by using standard surface anatomy landmarks and imaginary lines to divide the body.
How do you divide the abdomen into four quadrants?
-To divide the abdomen into four quadrants, you create two lines: a vertical line through the midline (median plane) and a horizontal line at the level of the umbilicus (transumbilical plane). This creates the right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants.
What are the key organs found in the right upper and right lower quadrants?
-In the right upper quadrant, the liver is primarily located. In the right lower quadrant, you can find the appendix and the cecum.
What is the midclavicular line, and how is it used in dividing the abdomen into nine regions?
-The midclavicular line is drawn from the midpoint of the clavicle downwards. Two midclavicular lines (one on each side) are used along with two transverse planes to divide the abdomen into nine regions.
What is the difference between the subcostal plane and the transpyloric plane?
-The subcostal plane is a horizontal line at the lowest point of the ribcage, while the transpyloric plane is a line halfway between the top of the manubrium and the superior part of the pubis. Both planes are used as anatomical landmarks, but the subcostal plane is more commonly used in abdominal region division.
What are the names of the three central regions in the nine-region division of the abdomen?
-The three central regions are the epigastric region (superior to the umbilicus), the umbilical region (center), and the hypogastric region (inferior to the umbilicus, also known as the pubic or suprapubic region).
What is the significance of the hypochondriac regions in relation to the modern term 'hypochondriac'?
-The hypochondriac regions are located below the rib cartilages. Historically, these regions were associated with the organs believed to release vapors causing melancholy and health concerns, which is how the term 'hypochondriac' came to describe people overly concerned with their health.
What is the anatomical definition of the lumbar regions?
-The lumbar regions, also called the flanks, are located on either side of the umbilical region and refer to the areas between the ribs and the pelvis. They are named after the lumbar spine, which lies in this region.
How do the iliac regions relate to the inguinal regions in anatomical terminology?
-The iliac regions, located on either side of the hypogastric region, are also referred to as the inguinal regions. They are named after the iliac bones and the inguinal (groin) area.
Why is it important to use standardized anatomical terminology when discussing body regions?
-Using standardized anatomical terminology ensures clear and consistent communication between medical professionals, allowing accurate descriptions of locations on the body for diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of medical conditions.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Abdomen Terminology and Quadrants
This paragraph introduces the purpose of dividing the abdomen using anatomical landmarks. It explains how to accurately describe the location of organs, lumps, or pain using surface anatomy. The method is illustrated through the division of the abdomen into four quadrants by drawing imaginary lines: the median plane and the trans-umbilical plane. The quadrants are named relative to the patient’s body: right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants. The liver is largely in the right upper quadrant, while the appendix is in the right lower quadrant.
🔢 Dividing the Abdomen into Nine Regions
This section explains how to divide the abdomen into nine regions using more detailed anatomical references. The process begins with the mid-clavicular lines drawn from the midpoint of the clavicles down the body. Then, horizontal lines are drawn: the subcostal plane at the lowest part of the rib cage and the trans-tubercular plane across the iliac tubercles. The nine regions are then described: the central umbilical region, epigastric region above it, and hypogastric region below it. Surrounding regions include the left and right iliac (inguinal) regions, lumbar (flank) regions, and hypochondriac regions.
🧠 Historical Origins of 'Hypochondriac'
This paragraph addresses the modern and historical meanings of the term 'hypochondriac.' While today it refers to someone excessively worried about their health, its origins come from ancient medicine. Organs in the hypochondriac region, particularly the liver, were once thought to release vapors that caused melancholy and worry. Thus, those overly concerned with their health were labeled 'hypochondriacs.' The paragraph concludes by reinforcing the value of anatomical terminology for accurately describing locations of pain or organs.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Quadrants
💡Regions
💡Midclavicular Line
💡Subcostal Plane
💡Trans-tubercular Plane
💡Epigastric Region
💡Hypochondriac Regions
💡Umbilical Region
💡Lumbar Regions
💡Hypogastric Region
Highlights
The abdomen can be divided into four quadrants or nine regions for anatomical accuracy.
To divide the abdomen into four quadrants, use two imaginary lines: a vertical median plane and a horizontal transumbilical plane.
The four quadrants are named based on the patient’s orientation: right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ).
The nine-region method involves additional anatomical landmarks like the midclavicular lines, subcostal plane, and the trans-tubercular or interspinous plane.
The midclavicular lines are drawn inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicles on both sides.
The subcostal plane is a horizontal line drawn at the lowest point of the ribcage.
The trans-tubercular plane is drawn across the iliac tubercles at the level of the L5 vertebra.
The nine regions include the epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, and pubic regions in the middle, and the left and right hypochondriac, lumbar, and iliac regions on the sides.
The epigastric region is located above the umbilical region and refers to the area above the stomach.
The hypogastric or pubic region is below the umbilical region, superior to the pubic bone.
The iliac or inguinal regions lie on either side of the hypogastric region and refer to the iliac bone or groin.
The lumbar regions, also called flanks, are on either side of the umbilical region.
The hypochondriac regions are found below the rib cartilages, on either side of the epigastrium.
The term 'hypochondriac' originally referred to a person overly concerned with their health, related to beliefs about vapors from organs in the hypochondriac region causing melancholy.
The importance of these divisions is to accurately describe pain, lumps, or organ locations using shared anatomical terminology.
Transcripts
hi okay
some terminology today and some
introductory anatomy we're gonna divide
the abdomen up
two different ways
um
we're gonna describe the four quadrants
and we're gonna describe the nine
regions
[Music]
what we want to be able to do
is to describe to one another
accurately
anatomically
where something is an organ
a lump
pain felt by somebody
so
we take some surface anatomy landmarks
we use them to make some imaginary lines
some sections through the body
and by doing that we can then describe
this is in the
region and we all know where that region
is because we've all used a similar
method for dividing up the body all
right that's our aim as usual the
anatomy it's clearly
describing to somebody else where
something is we can easily get modeled
so we use some set terminology if you've
watched my videos before you know how i
struggled with noise i thought if i get
in early today i can avoid the kids
i got lawnmowers instead
all right first one first easiest one
first
the four
quadrants here comes the lawnmower so
here's the abdomen here's the thorax
roughly speaking you can see the ribcage
here you can see the muscles
imagine we've got skin on here
and you can still do this same method so
we want to divide the abdomen up into
four quadrants the first thing we do is
we take the midline
and we imagine the median plane so we're
cutting the body in half in this
direction the median plane
that's one line then we find the
umbilicus
and we take another section another
slice we have a transverse or an axial
section
at the level of the umbilicus this is
the trans umbilical plane and now by
creating those two lines
we have divided the abdomen up into four
quarters one two three four and those
quarters are sensibly named remember
that when we're talking about the side
we're always talking about the patient
side so this is the right upper quadrant
and the right lower quadrant and the
left upper quadrant and the left lower
quadrant
that's the quadrant method
easy peasy
so we can say that the liver is largely
in the right upper quadrant
we find the appendix and the cecum in
the right lower quadrant and so on and
so on
all right
um but the other method is to divide
this up into nine parts
we need a little bit more anatomy to
divide up into nine parts okay first one
then
this bone and this bone
these are the clavicles i know we're a
long way away from the abdomen but these
are the clavicles so
these are either ends of a clavicle if
we go halfway between the two ends we
are
mid clavicle now if we cut another
section so imagine sectioning the body
or drawing a line
on this plane
if we take this point and continue
inferiorly we draw a mid curvicular mid
clavicular line and we do that on
both sides we have two mid clavicular
lines you can go down as far as you like
that's the first section
next
you see the uh the rib cage here
there's some floating ribs back there
they're off doing other things
but here the lowest part of the rib cage
this is cartilage
here's the rib here's the cartilage this
is the tenth rib now we we're gonna do
a horizontal line or a transverse plane
at the lowest point of the rib cage
where the cartilage is
this is the
subcostal plane
so this is our next division
some people will use a transpyloric
plane
um
pyloric pylorus so the pylorus is part
of the stomach so that's what it's
referring to
but the transpyloric plane well to find
that
you take
the top of the manubrium so the superior
part of the manubrium this is the
jugular notch here so we've got this
point here and then we go all the way
down to the pubis bone and we have the
superior part of the pubis bone and then
we pick a point halfway between the two
and that is the transpyloric plane it's
very very close it's very very similar
if you're if you're led down
that's about the level of the the
pylorus that's the transpyloric plane so
you might hear subcostal plane or
transpyloric plane we're going to use
the subcostal plane it makes a little
bit more sense later so that's our first
division which we can do in two
different ways
okay the next
transverse section we're going to take
or the next horizontal line we're going
to draw
is so here's the pelvis here
these are the iliac bones the wings of
the ilium on either side
and we're going to get
the iliac tubercles and we're going to
draw a line across them
and that will be the
trans-tubercular plane also known as the
inter-tubercular plane
um
so you can see that that's at about the
level of the l5 vertebra here
now again some people do it differently
um
if we follow the iliac crest anteriorly
this pointy sticky 80 bit here
this is the
anterior superior iliac spine
abbreviated to asis or asus some people
draw a line across here
and that gets called an interspinous
plane
it's close it's just a little bit lower
so you can see how there's a little bit
of
roughness to this whole system but we're
going to use the subcostal plane the
trans-tubercular plane and the two
mid-clavicular lines and that's us
dividing our abdomen up into nine
regions each of those regions has a name
now right in the middle here
we find
we find in the umbilicus so the central
region of the nine regions is called the
umbilical region that's a nice one right
now if the central part is called the
umbilical region i want you to imagine
when you're trying to remember the names
of these parts i want you to imagine
i know i can't do this very well
i wanted to imagine a nice big belly
right a nice big belly sticking out
because gaster
means stomach
and in this case we're not thinking
stomach stomach as in the actual organ
up here we're thinking
nice big stomach right now
yeah stomach because
this region up here so the region
superior to the umbilicus is the
epigastrium
or the epigastric region epi means a
pond so if you imagine that sticky 80
belly this region is upon the gaster
upon the
stomach upon the bellies you have the
epigastrium the umbilicus
or the umbilical region and then
inferiorly if you have underneath that
belly we have the
hypogastrium or the hypogastric region
now that region is also superior to the
pubis bone or pubic bone so it gets
called the the pubic region or sometimes
the suprapubic region so we have the
epigastric
umbilical
and hypogastric hypobelone
regions in the midline all right
down here
on either side
of the um
the hypogastric region down here on
either side
um those regions are called the
left and right iliac regions
or the left and right
inguinal regions
this is the iliac bone
so it can get its name from there
inguine refers to the groin
so these are inguinal regions or iliac
regions
now the two lateral regions in the
middle
they get called the lumbar region so
lumber comes from a word meaning
a bit between the ribs
the ribs and the pelvis right the lumbar
the loin
so we have the left and right lumbar
regions which also get called the left
and right
flank so the left flank and the right
flank on either side
two regions left
now the last two regions
either side of the epigastrium get
called the hypochondrium
or the
hypochondriac regions we have the left
hypochondriac and the right
hypochondriac
hypo means below
chondral refers to the cartilages of the
ribs and i know they are they're not
down here they're actually up here
so hypochondriac
is making a reference to the cartilages
and the stuff that's deeper to them the
stuff that's below them if that makes
sense so hypochondria
or hypochondriac regions and that's it
those are the
nine regions of the abdomen now you
might be thinking hypochondriac that's a
term we use for something else yes
um
in modern times that's become a little
bit of a derogatory term a
hypochondriac defined as someone who
you know thinks there's something wrong
with them when maybe there isn't o is
overly concerned with their health but
they are otherwise healthy
how are the two things related if you
look at the word hypochondriac
on its own knowing our greek and latin
origins hypochondriac has got nothing to
do with worrying about your health
but from
about 400 years ago
when medicine was still concerned with
the four humors
and vapors and that sort of thing the
organs around here the organs deep to
the ribs so the organs in the
hypochondriac regions the liver and what
have you
were blamed for releasing the vapors
associated with melancholy and sadness
and worry and that sort of thing so
somebody who was overly concerned with
their health was said to be
a hypochondriac related to this region
and those organs we know better now
there you go then i promised you some
terminology
and terminology you have
that is how we can describe to one
another
regions within the abdomen and where
somebody might be
sensing some pain where we might have
found a lump a mass a tumor where we
might find an organ so i can describe to
you where we might find different organs
and what have you so those are the terms
remember the surface anatomy landmarks
if you can
palpate them on yourself or on somebody
else
um
and imagine those those either those
four lines or those nine lines and the
names of the regions all right maybe
that wasn't so babbling as i thought it
was going to be
see you next week
[Music]
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