Praktikum Fisika Dasar I || Modul 1 Pengukuran dan Ketidakpastian

Summary

Jessica Putri, an Informatics Engineering student, guides through Basic Physics Practicum 1 Module 1, focusing on measurement and uncertainty. She explains the importance of repeated measurements to reduce uncertainty and reliability in physical measurements. The practicum involves using tools like rulers, calipers, micrometers, and balances to measure dimensions and mass of materials. Jessica demonstrates how to calculate length, width, height, volume, and density, emphasizing the significance of entering data into tables for analysis. She also covers the calculation of average values, standard deviations, and accuracy, providing a comprehensive approach to understanding measurement techniques in physics.

Takeaways

• 📏 **Measurement Fundamentals**: The practicum introduces the basics of physical measurements, emphasizing the importance of accurate tools and methods.
• 🔍 **Types of Measurements**: It distinguishes between single measurements and repeated measurements, with the latter aiming to reduce uncertainty.
• 📐 **Uncertainty Sources**: The script explains that uncertainty in measurements can arise from the smallest scale value, random errors, and observer limitations.
• 🛠️ **Practicum Tools**: Various instruments are used in the practicum, including rulers, calipers, micrometers, and balances, each for specific measurement types.
• 🧩 **Experiment Materials**: The practicum involves measuring the dimensions and mass of aluminum blocks, copper blocks, and iron balls.
• 🔢 **Data Collection**: Emphasizes the need for collecting data through repeated trials to ensure reliability and accuracy in measurements.
• 📊 **Data Processing**: Introduces statistical methods like calculating the average (x bar), standard deviation (Delta X), and accuracy of measurements.
• 📚 **Practicum Modules**: The script outlines a structured approach to the practicum, with Module 1 focusing on measurement and uncertainty.
• 👩‍🔬 **Practicum Facilitation**: Jessica Putri, an Informatics Engineering student, guides the practicum, providing a hands-on learning experience.
• 📋 **Documentation**: Stresses the importance of recording and tabulating data meticulously for analysis and future reference.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the basic physics practicum 1 Module 1?

The main topic of the basic physics practicum 1 Module 1 is about measurement and uncertainty.

Who is guiding the basic physics practicum 1 Module 1?

Jessica Putri from the Informatics Engineering study program batch 2020 with NIM 1201400500 is guiding the practicum.

What are the two types of measurements mentioned in the script?

The two types of measurements mentioned are single measurements (x = x̄ ± Δx) and repeated measurements.

Why is the smallest scale value important in measurements?

The smallest scale value is important because it helps to determine the precision of the measurement and contributes to the calculation of uncertainty.

What causes the first type of uncertainty in measurements?

The first type of uncertainty is caused by the smallest scale value of uncertainty with a random uncertainty system and also the limitations of the observers.

What are the basic measuring instruments used in the practicum?

The basic measuring instruments used in the practicum include a ruler, caliper, screw micrometer, Ohaus balance, and a digital balance.

What materials are used for the experiments in the practicum?

The materials used for the experiments are an aluminum block, a copper block, and an iron ball.

How many experiments are conducted in the practicum?

Five experiments are conducted in the practicum.

What is the purpose of using repeated measurements in the practicum?

The purpose of using repeated measurements is to make the true value of a measurement more reliable and to reduce uncertainty.

How is the average value (x̄) calculated in the experiments?

The average value (x̄) is calculated by summing the results of all experiments (X1 + X2 + X3) and dividing by the number of trials (n), where n is the number of experiments conducted.

What is the formula used to calculate the standard deviation (Δx) in the practicum?

The formula used to calculate the standard deviation (Δx) is the square root of the sum of (X̄ - Xi)^2 divided by (n - 1), where X̄ is the average, Xi is each individual measurement, and n is the number of measurements.

How is the accuracy of the measurements determined in the practicum?

The accuracy of the measurements is determined by the formula 1 - (Δx / X̄) * 100%, where Δx is the standard deviation and X̄ is the average value.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Introduction to Basic Physics Practicum 1

Jessica Putri introduces the Basic Physics Practicum 1 Module 1, focusing on measurement and uncertainty. She explains the importance of physical measurements in science and technology and differentiates between two types of measurements: direct measurements using the smallest scale value and repeated measurements for increased reliability. The practicum aims to familiarize students with basic measuring instruments and methods to calculate and understand errors and uncertainties. The tools mentioned include rulers, calipers, micrometers, and balances, and the materials to be measured include aluminum, copper blocks, and an iron ball.

05:01

📏 Measuring Dimensions with a Ruler

The script details the process of measuring the dimensions of aluminum and copper blocks using a ruler. It emphasizes the importance of aligning the zero scale with the end of the material and repeating the measurements three times to ensure accuracy. The measurements include length, width, and height, with specific results provided for each. The data obtained is then recorded in an experimental table for further analysis.

10:04

📐 Using a Caliper for Precise Measurements

The video script explains how to use a caliper to measure the dimensions of aluminum and copper blocks. It describes the components of the caliper, including the main scale and the nonius scale, and the process of adjusting the caliper to the size of the object. The measurements are taken three times for each dimension, and the results are recorded. The script also provides specific measurement results, such as 42.5 mm for the length of the aluminum block.

15:05

🔩 Screw Micrometer for Measuring Diameter

The practicum involves using a screw micrometer to measure the diameter of an iron ball. The script outlines the steps for operating the micrometer, including unlocking, adjusting, and locking the nonius scale. It provides a specific measurement result of 20.44 mm for the diameter of the iron ball and emphasizes the need to repeat the experiment three times to ensure reliability. The data is recorded for further analysis.

20:11

⚖️ Calculating Mass with Balances

The script describes the process of calculating the mass of aluminum, copper blocks, and an iron ball using both an Ohaus balance and a digital balance. It explains how to place the objects on the balance and ensure stability for accurate measurements. The results, such as 30.2 grams for the aluminum block and 28 grams for the iron ball, are recorded. The script also mentions the importance of repeating the mass measurements three times and recording the data for analysis.

📊 Data Analysis and Calculation of Uncertainty

The final paragraph focuses on data analysis, including calculating volumes and densities from the measurements taken. It introduces the concept of calculating the average (x bar), standard deviation (Delta X), and accuracy of the measurements. The script provides formulas and examples of how to fill in tables with the calculated data, emphasizing the importance of understanding measurement uncertainty in scientific practice.

📚 Conclusion and Farewell

Jessica Putri concludes the video script by reminding students to attend the next practicum, fill in attendance, and other related tasks. She also mentions that the module will be further explained by the practicum assistant in class. The script ends with a farewell message, assuring viewers that the explanation and data collection process for Basic Physics Practicum 1 Module 1 has been completed.

Keywords

💡Measurement

Measurement is the process of determining the value of a quantity, such as length, time, or mass, by comparing it with a standard unit. In the video, measurement is central to the theme as it is used to determine physical quantities like the dimensions and mass of objects. The script mentions various tools used for measurement, such as rulers, calipers, and balances, and emphasizes the importance of accurate measurement in scientific experiments.

💡Uncertainty

Uncertainty in the context of the video refers to the doubt or inexactness associated with the results of a measurement. It is a fundamental concept in physics experiments, acknowledging that no measurement is perfectly accurate. The script discusses how repeated measurements can reduce uncertainty and improve the reliability of results, which is crucial for obtaining a true value of a measurement.

💡Repeated Measurements

Repeated measurements are a method of obtaining multiple measurements of the same quantity to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the data. The video script highlights the practice of taking repeated measurements to minimize the effects of random errors and to calculate the average value, which is a more dependable representation of the true value.

💡Caliper

A caliper is a precision instrument used to measure the dimensions of an object, such as its length, width, or height. In the video, calipers are used to measure the dimensions of aluminum and copper blocks with higher accuracy than a standard ruler. The script describes the process of using a caliper, including adjusting the sliding scale and locking it to ensure a stable measurement.

💡Screw Micrometer

A screw micrometer is a tool used for precise measurement of small objects or dimensions, such as the diameter of a ball. The video script explains how to use a screw micrometer, which involves adjusting the nonius scale to fit the object and locking it in place for an accurate reading. This tool is essential for achieving high precision in the measurement of small dimensions.

💡Ohaus Balance

An Ohaus balance is a type of scale used for measuring the mass of objects with a high degree of accuracy. In the video, the Ohaus balance is used to measure the mass of aluminum blocks, copper blocks, and iron balls. The script describes the process of placing the object on the balance and adjusting the weights to determine the mass, which is a critical step in experiments involving mass calculations.

💡Digital Balance

A digital balance is an electronic scale that provides precise measurements of mass. The video script mentions using a digital balance to measure the mass of objects, ensuring that the balance is stable before taking a reading. Digital balances offer quick and accurate mass measurements, which are essential for scientific experiments requiring precise data.

💡Standard Deviation

Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of data values. In the context of the video, standard deviation is used to calculate the uncertainty in the measurements. The script explains how to compute the standard deviation to understand the spread of the data and to estimate the reliability of the average measurement.

💡Least Squares Method

The least squares method is a statistical technique used to determine the best fit line through a set of data points. Although not explicitly detailed in the script, it is mentioned as a method to process data from measurements. This method is crucial in physics for analyzing experimental data and deriving meaningful conclusions from the results of repeated measurements.

💡Density

Density is a physical property defined as mass per unit volume. In the video, density calculations are part of the experiments where the mass and volume of objects are measured to determine their density. The script outlines the process of calculating density using the formula (mass/volume), which is a fundamental concept in physics and helps in understanding the material properties of different substances.

Highlights

Introduction to basic physics practicum 1 by Jessica Putri, focusing on measurement and uncertainty.

Explanation of the importance of physical measurements in science and technology.

Differentiation between single measurements and repeated measurements for reliability.

Understanding the concept of uncertainty in measurements.

Identification of the causes of uncertainty, including smallest scale value and observer limitations.

Objectives of the practicum: using basic measuring instruments and determining errors.

Introduction to the tools and materials used in the practicum, such as rulers, calipers, and balances.

Description of the first experiment using a ruler to measure the dimensions of an aluminum block.

Procedure for measuring the length, width, and height of materials using a ruler.

Repeating measurements for accuracy and reducing uncertainty.

Transition to the second experiment using a caliper for more precise measurements.

Demonstration of how to use a caliper to measure the dimensions of aluminum and copper blocks.

Explanation of the third experiment using a screw micrometer for measuring the diameter of an iron ball.

Fourth experiment involves using an Ohaus balance to calculate the mass of various materials.

Final experiment using a digital balance for mass measurement and ensuring stability for accurate results.

Instructions on how to calculate and process data, including volume and density calculations.

Methodology for determining the average (x bar), standard deviation (Delta X), and accuracy of measurements.

Jessica Putri concludes the practicum with a reminder to fill in attendance and look forward to the next session.

Transcripts

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Hi friends, basic physics practicum 1

Let me be Jessica Putri from the Informatics Engineering study program batch 2020 with NIM 1201400500

to guide basic physics practicum 1 Module 1 about measurement and uncertainty

Well friends in the field of science and technology it is often done physical measurements

such as measuring distance, speed and other previous measurements,

we need to know that the

measurement is divided into two

measurements

. x is equal to half times NST or the smallest scale value so that it can be

formulated as x = x bar plus minus Delta X and the second type of measurement is

repeated measurements. several times with the aim

that the truth value of a measurement is more reliable, now friends, pay attention

to this Module 1 practicum, we will use repeated measurements before we need to

know Why we use repeated measurements because repeated measurements

will be smaller the name is uncertainty. The causes of

the first uncertainty are the smallest scale value of uncertainty with a random uncertainty system

and also the limitations of the observers, fellow practitioners, as for the purpose of the

basic physics practicum in Module 1, the first is to use basic measuring instruments by using

mass measurements and length measurements. measurement of width and the second to determine errors

in measurements and their explanations and the third so that the practitioner can use

the least squares method in processing data from measurements that have been made before proceeding to

data collection we need to know As for the tools and materials used in this Module 1 practicum

, first we use a ruler or ruler then we use the

next caliper we use a screw micrometer then we use the Ohaus balance

to calculate mass and we use a digital balance to calculate mass

. The basic practicum of Module 1 is the first one is the aluminum block, the copper block and the last one is the iron ball.

Alright friends, practice it, all in this Module 1 practicum, we will do 5 experiments,

the first experiment, we will use a ruler

, the second experiment, we will use the third trial caliper. we will use

the micrometer screw fourth experiment we will use the ohaus balance and the last experiment

we will use the digital balance Alright let's get straight to the first

try for the first experiment here We will use a ruler which is the

ruler i the smallest scale value is 1 mm for the first material we measure

the aluminum block the first step is to calculate the length of the aluminum block

first make sure the zero on the ruler is at the end of the aluminum block

for the first calculation of the length of the aluminum block here I get the results which is 4.1 cm

after we get the results from the first measurement with the length of the aluminum block

which is 4.1 cm we enter it into the table which is 4.1 cm then we do a second experiment

with a second repetition to calculate the length of the aluminum block, make sure the

numbers 0 is at the end of the aluminum block and for the second experiment here I got

the length of the aluminum block which is 4.1 cm Alright friends, do the calculation

of the length of the aluminum block 3 times and any data that has been obtained please

enter it into the experimental table after calculate the length of the next step is

to calculate the width of the first aluminum beam the same as when we calculate the length

of the aluminum beam make sure the zero scale on the ruler is at the end of the aluminum beam

Now for the first calculation to calculate the width of the aluminum beam I get the result that is

3 cm

then do the second calculation to calculate the width of the beam aluminum

, friends, after that, do the third experiment,

so to calculate the length, width and height, the experiment is carried out three times

. Next is to calculate the height of the aluminum block

again, make sure the zero scale on the ruler is at the end of the beam

and here for the calculation of the height of the beam. aluminum, I got a result of 1 cm,

now friends, pay attention to all the data that has been obtained, both the length, width and

height of the aluminum beam, please enter it into the experimental table, the second material we

measure is a copper beam. first aluminum we

will calculate the length of the copper beam back again make sure the zero scale on the ruler is at

the end of this copper and for the first length measurement the result is 4 cm take

this length measurement three times the same as we measure the length on the

aluminum beam next is the width measurement of the copper beam, make sure that the zero scale

on this copper beam is at the end so that the result of the width of the copper beam is

3.1 cm, take the width measurement of the copper beam three times and finally

we will measure the height of the copper beam for the height of the copper beam we get the result that is

1 cm Alright friends, that's the measurement using a ruler or ruler

for the second experiment we will use a caliper

Now here is a caliper. The caliper has several

components .

ius or sliding scale that can be shifted to adjust to the size

of the object or object that we will measure and then here there is a lock

Alright to use the caliper here We will use the material, namely

aluminum blocks and also copper blocks first we will use aluminum blocks by calculating

the length of the aluminum block, the first step is to slide the nonius scale according to the

size of the object or object that we will measure after that slide and hold so that the object we are

measuring does not fall and please lock it so that the caliper does not shift.

the results of calculations or measurement results on the

caliper are the main scale and also the nonius scale, now friends, for the measurement results

of the length of the aluminum beam using the first caliper, here I obtained

the main scale, namely 40 and the nonius scale which coincides with the main scale here

is 2.5 so that as we know To determine the results of the

main scale caliper plus the nonius scale so that the results we get are 42.5 mm, friends

, for the first experiment, measure the length of the aluminum block

3 times the next measurement is to calculate the width of the aluminum beam again, we

open the lock and slide the sliding jaw to adjust to the size of the aluminum beam

and then lock it back and lock it again so that the scale does not shift for measuring the width of the

aluminum beam using a caliper here I get the result 30 MM

Well friends, the last measurement is to calculate the height of the aluminum block.

Okay, for the height of the aluminum block, here we get the number 10 on the

main scale and the main scale that coincides with the nonius scale is 1 so we get

the result 10.1 mm. The next trial friend is calculate the length of the width and

also the height of the copper beam first we will calculate the length of the copper beam

okay here for the length of the copper beam the measurement results are

42 MM then we will measure the width of the copper beam

and for the measurement of the width of the copper beam here I get the measurement result which is 30 MM

and the next measurement is to calculate the height of the copper beam for measuring the

height of the copper beam here I get the result of 10 mm

Alright friends, take measurements of the length, width and height

three times and every data that has been obtained please put it in the calculation table

okay here we will do the third experiment using a

screw micrometer The components of the first screw micrometer are the main scale, the

next is the nonius scale or the rotary scale and here there is a lock. turn on the

micrometer screw, we will calculate the diameter of the iron ball.

The first step in calculating the diameter of the iron ball, the first is to open the lock of the

micrometer screw, then turn the nonius scale so that it adjusts to the size of the iron ball

. The next step is to make sure the iron ball is in the middle and turn the lock

so that it the nonius scale does not shift for the first measurement results to calculate the diameter of the

iron ball using a screw micrometer, the results are 20 on the main scale and 44

on the nonius scale so the result is 20.44 mm Alright friends, in an experiment

using a screw micrometer to calculate the diameter of the ball iron do the experiment

3 times and every data that has been obtained please enter it into the calculation table

Alright for the fourth experiment we will use the ohaus balance to calculate the mass

of the iron block, copper block, aluminum block and also the first iron ball we will calculate ng

the mass of the first aluminum block Put the aluminum block first on the

Ohaus balance and we will shift the jaws to determine how much mass the aluminum block is

. Alright friends, from the calculations that have been done, the mass of the

aluminum block is 30.2 grams for mass measurement from the copper block here I obtained the mass

of the copper block is 100.5 grams the same as the experiment on the aluminum block

three times and each experimental data that has been obtained is entered into the calculation table

and for the last object we measure the mass, namely an iron ball

for the results of measuring the mass of the iron ball using the ohaus balance here I

get the mass of the iron ball is 28 grams the same as the previous calculation

Please do this calculation three times and each data from the experiment is

entered into the calculation table Alright friends, our

last experiment will do a mass calculation using a digital scale

The first step in doing this calculation is to turn on the digital balance

Alright for the first experiment we will calculate the mass of

our first aluminum block Put the aluminum block on the digital balance and we make sure the table and the things

around us are in stable conditions for the first measurement of calculating the mass of the

aluminum block using a digital balance, the results obtained are 33.1 grams. Take

this measurement three times and each data that you have obtained is entered into

the calculation table. Alright, the next object we will measure the mass

is the copper beam is the same as the measurement on the aluminum beam, we place it on

a digital balance and make sure the digital balance is stable so that the results obtained do not change.

For the mass measurement results from the copper beam, the result is 100.6 grams. Do this experiment

three times n every experimental data obtained is entered into the calculation table

and the next thing is our iron ball Put the iron ball on the digital balance and

make sure the digital balance position is stable so that the results obtained do not change for the results

of measuring the mass of the iron ball using a digital balance here we get the results of 28

experiments to calculate the mass of iron balls using a digital balance were carried out

three times and each data that has been obtained is entered into the calculation

table

. Explaining how to

calculate and process data, the first is a beam measurement table with

a ruler which Here we use aluminum blocks for aluminum blocks,

the length we get is 4.1 cm and we change the unit to meters so that it becomes

4.1 times 10 minus 2 m ether for the width is obtained 3 times 10 to the power of minus 2 meters and

the height is obtained 1 times 10 to the power of minus 2 Now here we will be asked to fill in the

volume table and also the density table for the formula for the volume of an aluminum block is length

times width times height so that we get the result 12,3 times 10 to the power of minus 6 do

the same calculation until experiments 1 2 and 3 and then what we need to

find is x bar X Bar is the average of all experiments where x bar is formulated as

X1 + x2 + x3 which where X1 is the first experiment X2 is the second experiment and X3 is the

third trial divided by n where n is the number of each trial where we

experiment 3 times then here we will be asked to find the standard

deviation or Delta X with a formula like following which X bar is subtracted by X1

squared plus x bar is subtracted by X2 squared so then divided i with

n the amount of data multiplied by n minus 1 and the results of the calculations that you have

obtained are entered into the calculation table and finally we are asked to determine

the accuracy where the accuracy formula is 1 minus Delta X multiplied by 100%

Alright friends friends, that's the explanation for the first table for the second table of measurements

using a beam here we use an aluminum block with a caliper for

the first calculation, the same as the calculation in the previous table, we enter every

data obtained into the table and we will calculate the volume and density from

aluminum so that the following results are obtained where the volume of the aluminum block

using a caliper is 12.75 times 10 to the power of minus 6 and then

the measurement of the iron ball with a micrometer screw is the same as with a caliper. Each

experimental data we will find the volume and its density and ak I am asked to determine X bar

Delta X and accuracy and the fourth table is the measurement of mass using a balance, the

first is the Ohaus balance and the second is a digital balance for the Ohaus balance. In the

first experimental calculation we get the mass of the aluminum block is 32 grams and the mass of the

block copper is 100 grams, friends, the time we get will be used

for calculations in determining the density of each table contained in tables 1 2

and 3 so that the density is obtained based on table 4, namely the table on the mass of aluminum blocks

and also the copper block and the last table is a mass measurement table using a

digital balance and every data we get is entered into a calculation table like the

following Alright friends, pay attention to basic physics 1, that's all the explanation and also

the process of data collection for physics practicum 1 Module 1 about measurement and uncertainty until

be meet at the next practicum and make sure to fill in the attendance and other things

and the module will be explained by the practicum assistant in each of my classes Jessica Putri

basic physics practicum assistant 1 thank you assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh