¿En qué consiste el nuevo pacto migratorio de la UE?

Summary

The new European Union migration agreement, discussed with political science professor and researcher Ruth Ferrero, introduces a solidarity quota for asylum seekers based on GDP and population size. Non-compliance results in a €20,000 fine per unaccepted person. The agreement also facilitates deportations to third countries, even if they're not the person's origin. Despite this, there's no substantial change from previous policies. The Dublin Agreement's reform, which centralized asylum claims in the first EU country of arrival, remains unaddressed, leaving border countries like Spain and Greece to bear the administrative burden. The discussion highlights the EU's struggle to balance shared border control with national sovereignty and the humanitarian crisis at its borders.

Takeaways

• 📜 The European Union recently reached a new migration agreement, which includes the establishment of asylum seeker distribution quotas based on each country's GDP and population.
• 💶 Countries that fail to meet these quotas will be fined 20,000 euros per unaccepted person.
• 🚫 The agreement also facilitates deportations to third countries, even if they are not the person's country of origin.
• 🔄 The new pact is not a substantial change from the previous migration and asylum agreement, but rather a concretization of the 'solidarity quota' concept.
• 🤝 The 'solidarity quota' allows member states to share responsibility for hosting migrants, with the option to pay a fee instead of hosting or to improve integration services.
• 🏛 The Dublin agreements, which previously placed a heavier administrative burden on border countries, are still not fully reformed, despite being blocked since 2016.
• 🌍 The new framework aims to share border management responsibilities among EU member states, including those in the center and north of Europe.
• 🚨 The Mediterranean borders of the EU are among the deadliest in the world, and current mechanisms within the EU framework are insufficient to prevent deaths.
• ⏩ The recent agreement emphasizes quick deportations, which can conflict with international humanitarian law and the principle of non-refoulement, potentially not allowing time to assess asylum claims.
• 🏡 The European Court of Human Rights has upheld practices that allow for rapid deportations, even to third countries, in certain cases.

Q & A

What is the main topic of discussion in the script?

The main topic of discussion is the new migration agreement of the European Union, specifically focusing on the distribution quotas for asylum seekers and the penalties for non-compliance.

What are the implications of the new migration agreement for EU member states?

The new agreement implies that EU member states must establish distribution quotas for asylum seekers based on their GDP and population. Failure to comply with these quotas would result in a fine of 20,000 euros per person not received.

How does the new agreement facilitate expulsions to third countries?

The agreement facilitates expulsions to third countries, even if these countries are not the origin of the person being deported.

What is the role of Ruth Ferrero in the discussion?

Ruth Ferrero, a professor of political science and European studies at the Complutense University of Madrid and a researcher at the Institute of International Studies, provides expert analysis on the new migration pact.

What is the 'Dublin Agreement' mentioned in the script?

The 'Dublin Agreement' refers to the regulations that determine which EU country is responsible for examining an asylum application, usually the country where the asylum seeker first arrives.

How does the new pact differ from the Dublin Agreement?

The new pact introduces a concept of 'solidarity quotas' which are flexible and allow member states to either accommodate asylum seekers or pay a fine if they choose not to.

What are the challenges faced by countries on the external borders of the EU?

Countries on the external borders of the EU face challenges in managing the influx of asylum seekers, which can lead to administrative burdens and humanitarian pressures, especially during crises.

What measures are being discussed to reduce the mortality rate at the EU's Mediterranean borders?

The discussion mentions the lack of effective measures to reduce mortality, with existing mechanisms such as granting humanitarian asylum in places of origin not being utilized within the EU framework.

What is the 'non-refoulement' principle mentioned in the script?

The 'non-refoulement' principle is a fundamental aspect of international human rights law that prohibits the return of asylum seekers to a country where they would be at risk of persecution.

How does the new agreement affect the processing of asylum applications?

The new agreement emphasizes expedited expulsion procedures, which may conflict with the right to have asylum claims properly assessed, potentially leading to faster deportations without adequate consideration of individual cases.

What is the European Court of Human Rights' stance on the practices mentioned in the script?

The script suggests that the European Court of Human Rights has upheld practices related to expedited expulsions in certain cases, which can be controversial in the context of human rights protections.