Paper Chromatography - MeitY OLabs
Summary
TLDRThis video script outlines the process of paper chromatography, a technique used to separate colored components in mixtures. It details two experiments: one separating red and blue ink pigments and another isolating compounds from spinach leaf extract. The method involves using Whatman filter paper, a chromatographic chamber, and a solvent mixture of distilled water and isopropyl alcohol. The script instructs on applying the mixture to the filter paper, allowing the solvent to rise, and calculating the Rf values to measure the separation of pigments.
Takeaways
- 📝 Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate colored components in a mixture, such as red and blue inks or spinach leaf extract.
- 🖌️ A Whatman filter paper strip is used as the stationary phase in the chromatography process.
- 🔬 The mixture to be separated is applied at a specific point 'P' on the filter paper, which is above the solvent line once the experiment begins.
- 💧 A solvent mixture of distilled water and isopropyl alcohol is prepared and used in the chromatographic chamber.
- 📏 The filter paper is suspended in the chamber in such a way that the pencil line is about 2 cm above the solvent level.
- 🕒 The chamber is closed and left undisturbed to allow the solvent to rise and carry the components of the mixture with it.
- 🌈 As the solvent rises, it carries the different components of the mixture at varying rates, leading to their separation on the filter paper.
- 📏 The distance traveled by the solute and the solvent from the original line is measured to calculate the Rf values.
- 📐 Rf values are calculated using the formula R_f = (Distance traveled by the solute from the original line) / (Distance traveled by the solvent from the original line).
- 🔍 The Rf values help in identifying and comparing the components separated by paper chromatography.
- 🌿 The script also describes a similar process for separating pigments from spinach leaf extract, indicating the versatility of paper chromatography for different mixtures.
Q & A
What is the purpose of paper chromatography as described in the script?
-Paper chromatography is used to separate colored components present in a mixture, such as the red and blue inks, and the pigments from spinach leaf extract.
What materials are needed to perform paper chromatography on red and blue inks as per the script?
-The materials needed include a mixture of red and blue inks, distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, Whatman filter paper strip, pencil, scale, capillary tube, and a chromatographic chamber.
How should the Whatman filter paper strip be prepared for the chromatography experiment?
-The Whatman filter paper strip should have a line drawn 4 cm from one end and another line drawn lengthwise from the center, intersecting at point P.
What is the significance of point P on the filter paper strip?
-Point P is where the mixture of red and blue inks, or the spinach leaf extract, is applied to the filter paper strip.
Why is the ink mixture applied twice to point P on the filter paper?
-The ink mixture is applied twice to ensure that the spot is rich in the mixture, which helps in the clear separation of the colored components during chromatography.
What is the solvent used in the chromatographic chamber and how is it prepared?
-The solvent is a mixture of distilled water and isopropyl alcohol, prepared by measuring 5 ml of each and mixing them in the chromatographic chamber.
How should the filter paper be positioned in the chromatographic chamber?
-The filter paper should be suspended vertically in the chamber with the pencil line about 2 cm above the solvent level.
What is the solvent front and how is it marked on the filter paper?
-The solvent front is the distance the solvent has risen on the filter paper. It is marked with a pencil line after the solvent has risen to about 15 cm.
How are the Rf values calculated for the separated components in the chromatography?
-The Rf values are calculated using the formula R_f = (Distance travelled by the solute from the original line) / (Distance travelled by the solvent from the original line).
What is the difference between the chromatography process for ink and spinach leaf extract as described in the script?
-The process is largely the same, with the main difference being the substance being tested: a mixture of red and blue inks versus the extract from spinach leaves.
Why is it important to let the filter paper dry after applying the ink or leaf extract?
-Allowing the filter paper to dry ensures that the mixture is absorbed properly and does not spread when the paper is handled, which could affect the accuracy of the chromatography results.
Outlines
🖌️ Paper Chromatography for Ink Separation
This section describes the process of separating colored components from a mixture of red and blue inks using paper chromatography. The necessary materials include red and blue ink mixture, distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, Whatman filter paper, a pencil, a scale, a capillary tube, and a chromatographic chamber. The procedure involves drawing lines on the filter paper, applying ink mixture at the intersection point, and allowing it to dry. The solvent is prepared by mixing distilled water and isopropyl alcohol in the chamber. The filter paper is suspended above the solvent, and the chamber is closed to allow the solvent to rise, carrying the ink components with it. The separation is observed as different colored spots on the paper, and the Rf values are calculated to quantify the separation.
🌿 Paper Chromatography for Spinach Pigment Separation
This paragraph outlines the steps for separating pigments from spinach leaf extract using paper chromatography. The required materials are similar to the previous paragraph, with the addition of spinach leaf extract. The process involves marking the filter paper, applying the extract at the marked point, and allowing it to dry. The solvent is prepared in the chromatographic chamber and the filter paper is suspended in it. As the solvent rises, it carries the pigments, which separate into different spots on the paper. The solvent front is marked, and the paper is dried. The Rf values of the spots are calculated to determine the effectiveness of the separation.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Paper Chromatography
💡Whatman Filter Paper Strip
💡Solvent
💡Capillary Tube
💡Chromatographic Chamber
💡Mixture
💡Spot
💡Rf Value
💡Solvent Front
💡Isopropyl Alcohol
💡Distilled Water
Highlights
Separation of colored components in red and blue ink mixtures using paper chromatography.
Use of Whatman filter paper strip for chromatography.
Application of pencil to mark lines on the filter paper for sample application.
Utilization of capillary tube for transferring ink mixture to the filter paper.
Drying of ink mixture on filter paper in open air to prevent smudging.
Preparation of solvent mixture with distilled water and isopropyl alcohol.
Use of chromatographic chamber for the separation process.
Observation of solvent and ink rise on the filter paper.
Identification of red and blue ink spots after solvent front reaches 15 cm.
Marking the solvent front on the filter paper with a pencil.
Calculation of Rf values for red and blue inks using the distance traveled by the solute and solvent.
Separation of pigments from spinach leaf extract by paper chromatography.
Use of spinach leaf extract as a sample in the chromatography process.
Application of the same chromatography technique for different types of pigments.
Observation of different pigment spots on the filter paper after the solvent has risen.
Marking and measuring the distance of each pigment spot from the original line.
Calculation of Rf values for the components of spinach leaf extract.
Transcripts
Paper Chromatography
Separate the coloured components present in the mixture of red and blue inks by paper
chromatography
We require, a mixture of red and blue inks, distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, Whatman
filter paper strip , pencil, scale, capillary tube, chromatographic chamber etc.
Take a Whatman filter paper strip.
Draw a line with a pencil above 4 cm from one end.
Draw another line lengthwise from the centre of the paper and name the point at which the
two lines intersect as P. Take a capillary tube.
Dip it into the beaker containing the mixture of Red and Blue inks and take the mixture
using the capillary tube.
Put a drop of the mixture of Red and Blue inks at the point P.
Allow it to dry in open air.
Again take the mixture of red and blue inks using the capillary tube.
Put another drop on the same spot and dry it again so that the spot is rich in mixture.
Measure 5 ml of distilled water in a measuring jar.
Pour it into the chromatographic chamber.
Measure 5 ml of alcohol in another measuring jar.
Pour it into the chromatographic chamber containing distilled water.
Mix the contents of the chromatographic chamber using a glass rod.
This mixture is used as the solvent.
Suspend the filter paper vertically in the chromatographic chamber containing solvent
in such a way that the pencil line remains about 2 cm above the solvent level.
Close the chamber with its lid and keep it undisturbed for some time.
Notice the rise in solvent along with the red and blue inks.
When the solvent has risen to about 15 cm, you will notice two different spots of red
and blue inks on the filter paper.
Take the filter paper out of the chamber and mark the distance that the solvent has risen
on the paper with a pencil.
This is called the solvent front.
Dry the filter paper in open air.
Put pencil marks in the centre of blue and red spots.
Measure the distance of the solvent front from the original line and the distance of
the two spots from the original line.
Calculate the Rf (read letter by letter) values of blue and red inks by using the formula,
R_f=(Distance travelled by the solute from the original line )/(Distance travelled by
the solvent from the original line) Separation of pigments from the extract of
spinach leaves by paper chromatography We require, extract of spinach leaves, distilled
water, isopropyl alcohol, Whatman filter paper strip, pencil, scale, capillary tube, chromatographic
chamber etc.
Take a Whatman filter paper strip.
Using a pencil draw a line that is above 4 cm from one end.
Draw another line lengthwise from the centre of the paper and name the point at which the
two lines intersect as P. Take a capillary tube.
Dip it into the beaker containing the extract of spinach leaves and take the mixture using
the capillary tube.
Put a drop of the spinach leaf extract at the point P and allow it to dry in open air.
Again take the extract of spinach leaves using the capillary tube.
Put another drop on the same spot and dry it again so that the spot is rich in mixture.
Measure 5 ml of distilled water in a measuring jar.
Pour it into the chromatographic chamber.
Measure 5 ml of alcohol in another measuring jar.
Pour it into the chromatographic chamber containing distilled water.
Mix the contents of the chromatographic chamber using a glass rod.
This mixture is used as the solvent.
Suspend the filter paper vertically in the chromatographic chamber containing solvent
in such a way that the pencil line remains about 2 cm above the solvent level.
Close the chamber with its lid and keep it undisturbed for some time.
Notice the rise in solvent along with the leaf extract.
When the solvent has risen to about 15 cm, you will notice different spots of the components
of spinach leaf extract on the filter paper.
Take the filter paper out of the chamber and mark the distance that the solvent has risen
on the paper with a pencil.
This is called the solvent front.
Dry the filter paper in open air.
Put pencil marks in the centre of each spots.
Measure the distance of the solvent front from the original line and the distance of
the spots from the original line.
Calculate the Rf (read letter by letter) values of the different spots by using the formula,
R_f=(Distance travelled by the solute from the original line )/(Distance travelled by
the solvent from the original line)
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