Bioinsumos: uso de fungos e bactérias para fertilizar o solo e combater pragas cresce - Globo Rural

Summary

The video script focuses on the growing trend of biological agriculture in Brazil, showcasing farmers like Seu Sandro and Seu Jorge who utilize biological inputs, or 'bioins,' to enhance soil health and crop yields. These farmers collect beneficial microorganisms from the forest and multiply them in biofactories to create organic compounds for fertilizing their crops. The script highlights the balance between chemical and biological elements in the soil, the challenges of adapting biological methods to different regions, and the importance of scientific scrutiny in the field of biological agriculture. It also touches on the Brazilian government's initiative to promote biological inputs through the National Bioins Program.

Takeaways

• 🌱 The goal of farmers investing in biological products for their crops is to return to the soil what belongs to the soil.
• 📈 The market for biological inputs, also known as bioins, is growing rapidly.
• 🌾 On the Sandro Rex farm in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, biological inputs are used to maintain soil health by collecting beneficial microorganisms from the forest floor.
• 🔬 The technique applied on the farm, known as the soil food web, emphasizes the balance between chemical and biological properties of the soil.
• 🌿 The use of bioins aims to restore biological elements to degraded soil, counteracting the imbalance caused by monoculture and chemical use.
• 🌱 The process involves collecting fungi from the farm's forest, multiplying them, and then applying them to the crops to improve soil health and productivity.
• 🌽 Jorge Quiche's farm has seen increased productivity and control over pests and diseases by using biological products to treat corn and soybean seeds.
• 🔬 Biological products are seen as an 'arsenal' compared to chemical products, which are likened to a single 'weapon', highlighting their diverse benefits.
• 📊 From 2000 to 2022, Brazil registered 651 biological products for agricultural use, with 134 new registrations in the last year alone.
• 🏭 The biofactory has expanded significantly, investing 18 million reais to meet the growing demand for biological products.
• 🔍 The scientific scrutiny is crucial for the development and adoption of biological control methods, ensuring their effectiveness and proper use.

Q & A

What is the main goal of farmers investing in biological products for their crops?

The main goal is to return to the soil what belongs to the soil, by using biological products known as bioins to restore balance and health to the degraded soil.

What is the significance of the 'food web' or 'soil food web' technique mentioned in the script?

The 'food web' technique, also known as the soil food web, emphasizes the balance between all elements of the soil, including chemical properties like acidity and nutrient levels, and biological properties involving microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.

How does the use of bioins in agriculture aim to correct soil imbalance caused by monoculture and chemical use?

Bioins are used to reintroduce biological elements into degraded soil, counteracting the overuse of chemical products that can harm the soil's health and plant growth in monoculture farming systems.

What is the process of collecting beneficial microorganisms from the forest floor as described in the script?

The process involves collecting fungi and other microorganisms from the forest floor, which are then taken to a biofactory for multiplication on a large scale to be used as organic fertilizers in agriculture.

How does the biofactory contribute to the sustainable agriculture practices described in the script?

The biofactory plays a crucial role by multiplying fungi and bacteria collected from the farm's natural environment, creating organic compounds that are then applied to the soil to improve its health and productivity.

What is the purpose of treating corn seeds with biological products before planting, as mentioned in the script?

The purpose is to use biological products as preventive treatments, similar to medicines, to help the seeds absorb more nutrients and develop stronger roots, which can also help control pests and diseases.

What was the issue that Seu Jorge's farm faced with chemical defenses, and how did bioins help address it?

Seu Jorge's farm faced a challenge where chemical defenses were no longer effective against a microorganism known as the nematode, which attacks the roots of corn and soybeans. The use of bioins helped to balance the soil and control the nematode population.

How has the growth of the biofactory been influenced by the increasing demand for biological products in Brazil?

The biofactory has expanded significantly, from 700 square meters to over ten times larger, with an investment of 18 million reais, due to the rising demand for biological products in Brazil.

What is the role of scientific scrutiny in the development and application of biological products in agriculture?

Scientific scrutiny is essential to ensure that biological products are effective for their intended use, registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, and applied correctly to maintain the credibility and effectiveness of biological control methods in agriculture.

What is the potential of biological products to replace chemical defenses in agriculture, and what research is being conducted to explore this?

Biological products have the potential to replace or complement chemical defenses, but research is ongoing to find the best combination of chemical and biological benefits. The group associated with the research in the Sudoeste do Goiás is testing biological insumos based on fungi to control the corn earworm, a pest that causes disease in plants.

What is the government's role in promoting biological products in agriculture, as mentioned in the script?

The federal government of Brazil launched the National Program of Bioins in 2020 to stimulate research, production, and adoption of biological fertilizers and defenses, indicating a push towards sustainable agricultural practices.