Los RECURSOS LITERARIOS más comunes y EJEMPLOS📝
Summary
TLDREste guion detalla una amplia gama de recursos literarios que enriquecen la expresividad y estilo de un texto. Se clasifican en fonéticos, semánticos y morfosintácticos, con ejemplos como aliteración, onomatopoeia, metáforas, alegoría y personificación. Cada recurso se explica con claridad, permitiendo al lector comprender su propósito y aplicación en la literatura, lo que promueve una apreciación más profunda del lenguaje y su belleza.
Takeaways
- 📚 Los recursos literarios son herramientas o elementos utilizados en un texto para darle expresividad y un estilo particular.
- 🎶 Los recursos fonicos incluyen aliteración, onomatopoeia, paronomasia, similicadencia y palindromia, que se basan en el uso de sonidos y rimas.
- 🌊 La aliteración es la repetición de sonidos similares para dar mayor expresividad y atención auditiva al texto.
- 🐱 La onomatopoeia imita sonidos de la naturaleza o objetos comunes, representando fonéticamente fenómenos del entorno.
- 😜 La paronomasia juega con palabras que suenan similares pero tienen significados distintos, añadiendo gracia o tono irónico al texto.
- 🔄 La similicadencia repite palabras con sonidos similares, generalmente en verbos conjugados de la misma persona y tiempo.
- 🔁 La palindromia es un juego de palabras que se lee igual de izquierda a derecha y viceversa, añadiendo creatividad al texto.
- 🌐 Los recursos semánticos como la comparación, metáfora, alegoría, metonimia, antítesis, personificación, apostrofe, calambur y hipérbole sirven para enriquecer el significado y la expresión del texto.
- 🔗 La comparación y la metáfora establecen relaciones entre conceptos para resaltar diferencias o transmitir significados implícitos.
- 🏰 La alegoría y la metonimia usan la asociación de ideas o la sustitución de nombres para representar conceptos más amplios o abstractos.
- 🌙 La personificación y la apostrofe otorgan cualidades humanas a seres irracionales o direccionan emociones hacia seres inanimados, enriqueciendo la narrativa.
Q & A
¿Qué son los recursos literarios y cómo se clasifican?
-Los recursos literarios son herramientas o elementos utilizados en un texto para darle expresividad y un estilo particular. Se clasifican en recursos fonéticos, semánticos y morfosintácticos.
¿Cuál es la función de la aliteración en la literatura?
-La aliteración consiste en la repetición de sonidos similares para dar mayor expresividad al texto y captar la atención auditiva, otorgando musicalidad y dinamismo a los textos.
¿Cómo se define la onomatopeya y cuál es su propósito en la literatura?
-La onomatopeya es la reproducción de sonidos de la naturaleza o objetos comunes en la literatura, usada para imitar expresiones de animales o fenómenos ambientales, y representar efectos fonéticos cotidianos.
¿Qué es la paronomasia y cómo se utiliza en la literatura?
-La paronomasia se refiere al uso de palabras con sonidos similares pero significados diferentes, con el objetivo de causar gracia o dar un tono irónico o satírico al contenido, ayudando a que la idea expresada quede en la memoria del lector.
¿Qué es la similitud y cómo se diferencia de la metáfora?
-La similitud, también conocida como símile, asocia dos palabras con significados similares para resaltar diferencias, mientras que la metáfora transmite un significado que va más allá del literal, sin usar comparaciones directas.
¿Cuál es la función de la alegoría en la literatura?
-La alegoría omite el significado denotativo de una palabra para usar su sentido figurado, expresando un concepto o idea con un significado diferente al expuesto literalmente.
¿Qué es la metonimia y cómo se diferencia de la metáfora?
-La metonimia es asignar un nuevo nombre a una palabra o concepto basado en similitudes de significado, mientras que la metáfora establece una relación directa entre dos cosas para transmitir un significado más profundo.
¿Qué es la antítesis y cómo se utiliza para contrastar ideas en la literatura?
-La antítesis contrasta dos oraciones o ideas para estimular el razonamiento, opuesta a una expresión que en un momento dado puede tener características similares.
¿Cuál es el propósito de la personificación en la literatura?
-La personificación o prosopopeya le da rasgos, características o cualidades humanas a seres imaginarios o irracionales, cultivando la imaginación y permitiendo una percepción de cambios con puntos de vista amplios.
¿Qué es la hipérbole y cómo se utiliza para realzar la expresividad del texto?
-La hipérbole, o exageración, consiste en amplificar o incrementar las cualidades o características de un sujeto o objeto para hacer el texto más expresivo.
¿Cómo se define la enumeración y cuál es su propósito en la literatura?
-La enumeración es la acumulación o suma consecutiva de elementos que pueden o no formar parte del mismo contexto, y se utiliza para ampliar y profundizar el contenido del discurso.
Outlines
📚 Recursos literarios: Introducción y Ejemplos
El primer párrafo introduce los recursos literarios como herramientas utilizadas en el texto para darle expresividad y estilo. Se clasifican en fonéticos, semánticos y morfosintácticos. Se explican y ejemplifican varios recursos fonéticos: aliteración, onomatopoeia, paronomasia, similicadencia y palindromia. Cada recurso se describe con una definición y se proporciona un ejemplo literario que ilustra su uso, destacando su efecto en la expresividad y la atención capturada.
🌐 Recursos Semánticos y Morfosintácticos en Literatura
El segundo párrafo se centra en recursos literarios semánticos y morfosintácticos. Se describen y ejemplifican figuras como la comparación, metáfora, alegoría, metonimia, antithesis, personificación, apostrofe, calambur, hiperbol y enumeración. Cada recurso se explica con una definición y se proporciona un ejemplo para mostrar cómo se utiliza en la literatura para enriquecer el texto y transmitir significados más profundos o contrastes interesantes.
🔤 Técnicas de Estructuración y Enfásis en la Lengua
El tercer párrafo explora técnicas de estructuración y énfasis en la lengua, como el epiteto, hipérbaton, anáfora, quiasis, asindeton, paralelismo, elipsis, oxímoron y tautología. Se describe cada técnica con una definición y se proporciona un ejemplo para ilustrar cómo se implementa en la escritura para crear efectos estilísticos específicos, como el ritmo, la cohesión y la intensidad de la expresión.
🎭 Figuras Literarias Avanzadas: Simbolismo y Sinequeda
El cuarto y último párrafo aborda figuras literarias avanzadas como el simbolismo y la sinequeda. Se explica cómo el simbolismo utiliza símbolos para representar ideas más allá de su significado literal, y la sinequeda se refiere a la referencia indirecta a conceptos con relevancia cultural o histórica. Se proporcionan ejemplos que muestran cómo estas figuras pueden añadir profundidad y significado a la narrativa, permitiendo a los lectores descubrir capas adicionales de interpretación.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Literary devices
💡Alliteration
💡Onomatopoeia
💡Paronomasia
💡Simile
💡Metaphor
💡Allegory
💡Metonymy
💡Antithesis
💡Personification
💡Symbolism
Highlights
Las figuras literarias son herramientas que se utilizan en un texto para darle expresividad y un estilo particular.
Las figuras literarias se clasifican en fonéticas, semánticas y morfosintácticas.
La aliteración es la repetición de sonidos similares para dar mayor expresividad al texto.
La onomatopoeia imita sonidos de la naturaleza o objetos comunes en la literatura.
La paronomasia utiliza palabras con sonidos similares pero significados diferentes.
La similicadencia es la repetición de palabras con sonidos similares cercanas entre sí.
La palindromia es un juego de palabras que se lee igual de izquierda a derecha y viceversa.
La comparación asocia dos palabras con significados similares para resaltar diferencias.
La metáfora es un elemento literario que transmite un significado más allá del literal.
La alegoría omite el significado denotativo de una palabra para usar su sentido figurado.
La metonimia nombra a un concepto basándose en similitudes de significados.
La antitesis contrasta dos ideas o enunciados para provocar razonamiento.
La personificación otorga cualidades humanas a seres irracionales o imaginarios.
La apostrofe se dirige a un ser presente o ausente, un objeto o cosa con emoción y fuerza.
El calambur cambia el significado y contexto de una frase al reunificar palabras dentro de ella.
La hiperbolización amplía o aumenta las cualidades de un sujeto para hacer el texto más expresivo.
La enumeración suma elementos consecutivamente para ampliar y profundizar el contenido del discurso.
El epíteto refuerza el significado de un sustantivo en el discurso sin aportar nuevo conocimiento.
La hipérbaton altera el orden de las palabras en una oración para resaltar una idea.
La anáfora emite repetidamente una o más palabras al inicio de un verso o oración.
El quiiasmo repite una organización sintáctica en el texto, invirtiendo el orden de los elementos.
El asindeton omite las conjunciones para dar rapidez y dinamismo al discurso.
El paralelismo distribuye las palabras en paralelo para repetir la estructura del discurso.
La elipsis elimina palabras innecesarias en una oración para evitar repetición y aclarar el texto.
El oxímoron une palabras o ideas con significados opuestos para hacer el texto más atractivo.
La tautología es el uso repetitivo de frases o palabras con significados similares.
El simbolismo utiliza símbolos para darle un significado más profundo a las ideas.
La alusión hace referencia indirecta y breve a personas, lugares, cosas o ideas significativas.
La sinecdoque representa un todo o una parte de algo con una sola parte o elemento.
Transcripts
Literary resources or literary figures are tools or elements that are used within
a text in order to provide it with expressiveness and a particular style. These
figures are based on the use of words in an unusual way to give the work
a special and extraordinary character. Literary devices are classified into
phonic literary devices, semantic literary devices, and morphosyntactic literary devices.
Next we will explain the types that are in each class and we will give you examples of each one.
Phonic literary resources - Alliteration
This resource consists of the repetition of sounds that have a certain resemblance in
order to give the text greater expressiveness and capture attention
through the ear. On the other hand, alliteration gives musicality and dynamism to the texts.
Examples "The sea was going to lap the shore,
he owed his thirst to the susceptibility of his soul to water agitated loudly by storms."
Here you can see the alliteration present in “La mar” and “lamer”,
also in “su sed” and “susceptible”; and, finally, in "water" "agitated" "screaming".
-Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia is the reproduction of
sounds of nature or common objects in literature. In other words,
this resource is used to imitate expressions of animals or other phenomena that occur
in the environment, it is also used to represent phonic effects that occur in everyday life.
Example “I couldn't stand the continuous tick tock,
tick tock of the clock, much less the rrr rrr rrr of the cat and its incessant meow,
all that was paranoia for me; tell me the quiquiriquí of the rooster at dawn.
In the text, the onomatopoeia can be evidenced in the “tic tac”, the “rrr rrr rrr”, the quiquiriquí and
the “tic tac tac”. - Paronomasia Paronomasia
refers to the use of words whose sound is very similar, but have
different meanings. Its main objective is to cause grace or give the content of the work an ironic
or satirical tone, the purpose is that the idea that is expressed is kept in the memory of whoever reads it.
Example "The man manned the minimum pussycat,
because he saw that it was opportune to extend a faithful hand." In this case, the paranomasia can be seen in
"manly man" and in "minimal pussycat". - Similicadence
This literary resource consists of the repetition of words with similar sounds in a text,
which usually go close to each other. In general, a verb is used that is conjugated in
the same person and tense. In prose they are written continuously, but in verse these
words can be used at the end of each one. Example
Prose: "There he goes, he is going to die, to stop feeling, not to live anymore, not to laugh or walk."
Verse: “His mother looked at him / his father sang to him / his daughter pampered him / his wife loved him”.
In the prose example, the similarity in the infinitive verbs is evident: to
die, to feel, to live, to laugh and to walk. And in the example in verse in the conjugations: he looked,
he sang, he pampered, he loved. - Palindromy
This is a kind of word game that consists of writing
terms or phrases that read the same from left to right and from right to
left. The main utility of palindromy is to give the
literary content a different meaning and order to charge it with dynamism and creativity.
Example “To the house!, and already take it out!”.
If you read the sentence backwards, you will notice that the letters have the same order.
Semantic literary resources - Comparison
Comparison as a literary resource consists of associating two words with similar meanings
in order to observe and highlight some difference. This figure is also known
as a simile and is used to vary the text or establish a discursive style.
Example "Your skin, like nocturnal sea foam,
white, slips through my dying hands, similar to the flashes of a dead sun."
The phrase "Your skin, like nocturnal sea foam, white" clearly denotes the simile between skin
and sea foam - Metaphor
Metaphor is one of the most used elements in literature. It consists
of conveying a meaning other than what the text literally says.
Example
"His eyes of wounded beast wandered through the firmament,
at that moment his hands were roots of air looking for which word to cling to."
The metaphor is clearly exemplified in “His eyes of a wounded beast” and “his hands
were roots of air”. - Allegory
The allegory consists of omitting the denotative or original meaning of the word to use
the figurative sense. Another way of defining it is as the expression of a
concept or idea to show a different meaning than what is actually exposed.
Example “What will become of this ranchería,
of its cane and mud walls, of the sea air that fills it and leaves it?
How many nights will its foundations last?” In this case the entire stanza is an allegory to
a man. Rancheria is being; the walls are your skin, the air is your breath and the
nights are the days. - Metonymy
In simple terms, metonymy is giving a new name to a word or concept based on the
similarities of their meanings. - Examples
"Definitely, Maria suits Dolce and Gabbana."
"Pablo bought a Picasso." This example is simple,
instead of talking directly about the clothing, we talk about the brand. In the second
example, the author of the painting is spoken of, instead of saying that a painting was bought.
- Antithesis The literary resource of the antithesis
consists of contrasting two sentences or ideas to arouse reasoning. In other words,
this element is an expressive way of opposing approaches that at a given moment may
have similar features. Example
"As always, I will be the light and you the darkness, this relationship can not be more."
This antithesis between light and dark is one of the most common.
- Personification or prosopopeia Personification or prosopopeia is aimed at
giving traits, characteristics or human qualities to an imaginary or irrational being. This literary resource
is applied in literature with the aim of cultivating the imagination and perceiving
changes with broad points of view. Examples
“The chair looked at me attentively, it wanted to guess the right moment in which I would sit down”.
"The sky cries." - Apostrophe
This literary resource is used to address or express to a present or absent being,
or to an object or thing some feeling or emotion that is usually full of passion and strength.
Example "Where am I going without you, sea?".
In this case the sentence is addressed to the sea. - Calambur
The calambur consists of reunifying words within a phrase or sentence in order
to change its meaning and context. With the use of this literary resource, a turn is given in
the meaning of the discourse and at the same time it is endowed with humor, irony, sarcasm and naivety.
Example "Goodbye,
I owe you everything." – “I owe everything to God”. Just by redistributing the letters, the phrase
takes on a different meaning. - Hyperbole
Simply, hyperbole or exaggeration consists of enlarging or increasing the
qualities or features of a subject or object in order to make the text more expressive.
Examples "She stopped the world with her eyes."
"I could eat an elephant." Finally let's see the types of
morphosyntactic literary resources - Enumeration
The enumeration refers to the accumulation or consecutive sum of elements that may or may not
form part of the same context and may also vary in terms of their meanings.
This literary device is used to broaden and deepen the content of the speech.
Example "And so I climbed, little by little, from the root to the trunk,
then to the branches, to each leaf, to the top." Each part of the tree is numbered as you climb
to the top. - Epithet
An epithet is an adjective or characteristic that is added to a noun in order to
reinforce its meaning within the discourse, but in reality it does not provide new knowledge because it
is associated with its natural qualities. In short, this resource is used to generate an
aesthetic effect and embellishment in the text. Example
"The hot sun scorched everything." - Hyperbaton
The hyperbaton consists of altering the order of the words within the sentence or phrase in
order to highlight an idea, or in the case of poetry, adjust the metric of the
verses. This literary resource can be of four types: the thesis, parenthesis,
anastrophe and hysterology. Examples
"The beach is alone without you." The most common form is “The beach is lonely without you”.
"Winter kept us warm, covering us up." - Anaphora
Anaphora as a literary element is the repetitive emission of one or more words at the beginning of
a verse or sentence. The objective of the anaphora is to anchor an idea, thought or emotion within
the content of the speech. Example
"We will be the sun and the moon, we will be the beginning and the end,
we will be a rumour, something uncertain". In this case "we will be" is the word
used to make the anaphora. - Chiasmus
This literary device consists of repeating a syntactic organization or order in a text. The
chiasmus orders the first elements of the speech in the form "AB" and the following is inverted,
that is, it becomes "BA". In other words, a chiasmus is the crossover in the structure of
phrases or sentences. Example
"You can get the man out of the neighborhood, but it is difficult to get the neighborhood out of the man."
- Asyndeton This literary resource consists of omitting
or leaving aside the links that unite one word or phrase with another. The main function of the asyndeton
is to give speed and dynamism to the speech. Links that are removed are usually replaced by
the punctuation mark of the comma (,). Example
“She is pretty, attentive, I like her”. In this case the conjunction
"and" is deleted by a ",". - Parallelism
This literary element consists of distributing the words in a text in parallel in
order to repeat the structure of the discourse to give it rhythm and sequentiality.
Parallelism can take four forms: semantic, correlational, parison, and isocolon.
Example “There you were, cold;
there you were, without feelings”. - Ellipsis
Ellipsis is the omission or elimination of a word within a sentence or verse because it
is not necessary within the context in which the statement occurs. The ellipsis is applied to
avoid repeating an idea that is over understood and at the same time give precision to the text.
Example “Today I am going to the cinema, you (go) to the store”.
In this case, “ve” is deleted. - Oxymoron
This resource refers to the union of two words or ideas whose meanings are opposite in terms of
logic, that is, they have no similarity to each other. The oxymoron is used to make
the text more attractive within the discourse. Example
"He was a poor rich man, like so many others." - Tautology
It is the repetitive use of phrases or words with similar meanings. In other words, it is
expressing the same thing or idea two or more times. Examples of tautology can be:
“Your performance is completely devoid of emotion” and “Say
that again”. - Symbolism
Uses the use of symbols to signal ideas, giving them symbolic meaning
other than their literal meaning. It can take different forms; it is generally
an object representing another to give it a different deeper and more important meaning.
Example The whole world
is a stage, all men and women are actors who have their exits and entrances;
a man plays many roles in his life. Those lines are symbolic since the stage
represents the world and the actors are human beings who act in different ways throughout
their lives. - Allusion
This resource is an indirect and brief reference to a person, place, thing or
idea with a cultural, historical, literary or political significance. It doesn't describe in detail
what it means, it's just a short comment. For example, the phrase "I do not approve of this
quixotic idea" is an allusion. Quixotic means impractical and stupid,
it is derived from Cervantes' Don Quixote as it tells the story of a crazy knight.
- Synecdoche The synecdoche occurs when a
part of something represents a whole completely; can be used to represent a part.
You can use large or small groups. For example, referring to a car
as "wheels" is a synecdoche since it represents the car as a whole.
The word bread refers to money in the phrase “writing is my bread and butter”;
the word cola is a common synecdoche to refer to carbonated drinks, etc.
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