Sejarah Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah

PMI TV

11 May 202003:48

Summary

TLDROn June 24, 1859, near Soverino, Italy, a battle between French and Austrian forces left around 40,000 soldiers injured and dead. Witnessing this, Swiss businessman Jean Henry Dunant was moved to help, organizing local aid for the wounded without discrimination. His experience led to the 1862 publication of 'Memory of Solferino,' advocating for a volunteer organization in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers and an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded in war. This sparked the Red Cross Movement, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent, and humanitarian law. The movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and national societies, with 192 member states. In Indonesia, the national society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), mandated to provide humanitarian services during conflicts and disasters, and promote humanitarian values.

Takeaways

⚔️ On June 24, 1859, a battle occurred in Solferino, Italy, between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 casualties.
🇨🇭 Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath of the battle and was moved to help the wounded soldiers, regardless of their allegiance.
🌐 Dunant's experience led to the idea of establishing a neutral organization to assist wounded soldiers during wartime and to protect volunteers providing aid.
📚 In 1862, Dunant published 'Memory of Solferino,' outlining the need for an international agreement to protect and recognize volunteers and wounded soldiers.
🏥 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement was born from Dunant's vision, consisting of three components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Societies.
🆘 The ICRC, founded in 1863, is a neutral, independent humanitarian organization that provides assistance to victims of war and armed conflict, and promotes international humanitarian law.
🌐 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies acts as a coordinating body for national societies worldwide, providing humanitarian aid during disasters.
🏛️ National Societies are local humanitarian organizations present in each country, with 192 countries currently participating in the Geneva Convention.
🇮🇩 In Indonesia, the National Society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), which is mandated by law to carry out humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises, as well as blood management and volunteer training.
🌟 The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement promotes humanitarian values in society, aiming to alleviate human suffering, protect life and health, and uphold human dignity.

Q & A

What significant event occurred on June 24, 1859, in the town of Solferino, Italy?
-A battle took place between the French and Austrian armies, resulting in approximately 40,000 soldiers being injured and killed.
Who was Jean Henry Dunant and what was he doing when he witnessed the battle at Solferino?
-Jean Henry Dunant was a Swiss businessman who was traveling for business when he came across and witnessed the bloody battle at Solferino.
What did Jean Henry Dunant do after witnessing the aftermath of the battle at Solferino?
-Dunant was deeply moved and initiated efforts to help by organizing local residents to assist in caring for the victims without discrimination, and he recorded their last messages to be delivered to their families.
What was the inspiration behind the creation of the Red Cross movement?
-The inspiration for the Red Cross movement came from Jean Henry Dunant's experience at the Battle of Solferino, where he saw the need for organized humanitarian aid for those affected by war.
In what year did Jean Henry Dunant write the book 'Memory of Solferino' and what were its main ideas?
-Jean Henry Dunant wrote 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862. The book contained two main ideas: the necessity of forming a volunteer organization prepared in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers in wartime, and the need for an international agreement to recognize and protect volunteers during their duties and to protect wounded soldiers on the battlefield.
What are the three components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-The three components are the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the National Societies.
What is the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?
-The ICRC is tasked with providing humanitarian aid, life support, and dignity to victims of war or armed conflict, as well as promoting and developing international humanitarian law.
When was the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies established and what is its purpose?
-The International Federation was established in 1919, originally named the League of Red Cross Societies. It functions as a coordinating body among national societies worldwide to provide humanitarian assistance, such as disaster relief.
What is the status of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is the national society of Indonesia within the movement. It is mandated to carry out humanitarian services during armed conflicts, social disasters, health crises, blood management, and to develop volunteers, spreading humanitarian values in society.
How many countries are currently members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?
-There are 192 countries that are members of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
What does the basic principle of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement state regarding the number of national societies within a single country?
-The basic principle of the movement states that there should be only one national society per country.

Outlines

00:00

🆘 The Birth of the Red Cross Movement

The script narrates the historical event of the Battle of Solferino on June 24, 1859, where the French and Austrian armies clashed, resulting in approximately 40,000 casualties. Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath and was deeply moved by the lack of medical care for the wounded soldiers. He initiated aid efforts with the local population and recorded the last messages of the soldiers to deliver to their families. This experience led him to write 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862, advocating for the establishment of a volunteer organization for peacetime preparedness to assist wounded soldiers and an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded during wartime. His ideas materialized in the form of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which includes the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), founded in 1863, to provide humanitarian aid and promote international humanitarian law. The movement also encompasses the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and national societies, with 192 countries currently participating. The Indonesian national society is the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), which operates under the 2018 law on the Red Cross, focusing on humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, health crises, blood management, and volunteer training, while promoting humanitarian values in society.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Solferino

Solferino refers to the Battle of Solferino, a significant battle that took place on June 24, 1859, in Italy between the French and Austrian forces. This battle is central to the video's theme as it was the event that inspired Jean Henry Dunant to take humanitarian action and later found the Red Cross movement. The script mentions that around 40,000 soldiers were injured or killed, and Dunant was deeply affected by the lack of medical services for the wounded soldiers.

💡Jean Henry Dunant

Jean Henry Dunant is a pivotal figure in the video's narrative, being a Swiss businessman who witnessed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino. His experience led to the establishment of the Red Cross. The video describes how Dunant was moved by the suffering of the soldiers and initiated efforts to provide aid, which later became the foundation of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

💡Red Cross

The Red Cross is an international humanitarian organization that plays a central role in the video's theme. It was founded by Dunant following his experiences at Solferino. The Red Cross is dedicated to providing assistance to victims of war and disasters, and it operates in accordance with the principles of neutrality and impartiality. The video highlights the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

💡Humanitarian Aid

Humanitarian aid is a key concept in the video, referring to the assistance provided to individuals or groups in need, particularly those affected by conflict or disaster. The video emphasizes Dunant's efforts to provide medical care and support to the wounded soldiers at Solferino, which later evolved into the broader mission of the Red Cross to offer humanitarian aid globally.

💡International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

The ICRC is a component of the Red Cross movement, established in 1863 as an impartial, neutral, and independent organization. Its role, as mentioned in the video, is to provide humanitarian aid and protection to victims of war and armed violence. The ICRC also works to promote and develop international humanitarian law.

💡International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

This organization, often referred to as the 'Federation,' is another key component of the Red Cross movement. As described in the video, it serves as a coordinating body among national societies worldwide, facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance during disasters and emergencies.

💡Geneva Conventions

The Geneva Conventions are a series of international treaties that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war. The video suggests that the conventions are a part of the legal framework that the Red Cross movement promotes, aiming to protect wounded soldiers, prisoners of war, and civilians in times of conflict.

💡Humanitarian Law

Humanitarian law, also known as the laws of war or international humanitarian law, governs the conduct of armed conflict to limit its effects. The video connects this concept to the Red Cross's mission, highlighting its efforts to promote and enforce these laws to protect victims of war and conflict.

💡Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI)

PMI, or the Indonesian Red Cross, is the national society of Indonesia within the Red Cross movement. The video mentions that each country has one national society, and PMI's role includes providing humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises, as well as blood management and volunteer training.

💡Humanitarian Values

Humanitarian values are the ethical principles that guide the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, emphasizing respect for human life, dignity, and the prevention and alleviation of human suffering. The video underscores how these values are central to the mission of the Red Cross and are promoted through their various humanitarian activities.

💡Disaster Relief

Disaster relief is a critical aspect of the Red Cross's work, as highlighted in the video. It involves providing immediate assistance to those affected by natural or man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, or conflicts. The Red Cross's disaster relief efforts aim to save lives, reduce suffering, and help affected populations recover and rebuild.

Highlights

On June 24, 1859, a battle occurred in Soverino, Italy, between French and Austrian forces.

The battle resulted in approximately 40,000 soldiers being injured or killed.

Jean Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, witnessed the aftermath of the battle and was deeply moved by the suffering of the soldiers.

Dunant organized local residents to provide aid without discrimination to the wounded soldiers from both sides.

He recorded the last messages of the soldiers to be delivered to their families.

This event marked the beginning of the Red Cross movement and the use of the red crescent symbol.

Dunant's experiences in Soverino led him to write the book 'Memory of Solferino' in 1862.

The book proposed the need for a volunteer organization prepared in peacetime to assist wounded soldiers in wartime.

It also suggested the need for an international agreement to protect volunteers and wounded soldiers during wartime.

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement was established, consisting of three components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Societies.

The ICRC was founded in 1863 as a neutral, independent humanitarian organization.

The ICRC's mission is to provide assistance and uphold the dignity of victims of war and armed conflict.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies coordinates national societies worldwide in providing humanitarian aid.

National Societies are humanitarian organizations present in each country and are party to the Geneva Conventions.

As of now, 192 countries are members of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement.

The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is the national society responsible for humanitarian services during conflicts, disasters, and health crises.

The PMI also manages blood services and develops volunteers, spreading humanitarian values in society.