SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL...SNC

Summary

The human nervous system is the most complex system known to man, comprising millions of units that interact to define behavior and reactions to internal and external stimuli. The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, controls and coordinates bodily functions, transmitting electrical signals through neurons. The brain processes and stores information, and is crucial for voluntary actions, emotions, and memory. Divided into hemispheres and lobes, each with specific functions, the brain enables cognition, sensory processing, and emotional regulation. The system's study is central to neuropsychology, linking brain function to psychological processes.

Takeaways

• 😀 The human nervous system is the most complex system known to mankind, composed of millions of interacting units that define behavior and responses to various stimuli.
• 😀 The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which transmit, process, and analyze information in response to internal and external stimuli.
• 😀 Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system, and they perform four main functions: receiving information, integrating it, conducting signals, and transmitting them to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
• 😀 The brain is the center of impulses, intelligence, learning, judgment, and personality, and it contains approximately 100 billion neurons.
• 😀 The spinal cord, housed in the vertebral canal, has 31 pairs of nerves that transmit stimuli between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
• 😀 Meninges are protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord, providing support for blood vessels and enclosing the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions and nourishes the system.
• 😀 The brain is divided into two hemispheres (right and left), each controlling and receiving sensations from the opposite side of the body.
• 😀 The right hemisphere is associated with spatial orientation, memories, emotions, and melodies, while the left hemisphere handles verbal functions, analysis, reasoning, and logic.
• 😀 The brain's four lobes — frontal, occipital, temporal, and parietal — have distinct functions related to motor control, vision, auditory processing, and sensory perception.
• 😀 The limbic system, located in the temporal lobe, plays a crucial role in emotions, memory, and survival-related behaviors, contributing to unconscious emotional responses.
• 😀 Neuropsychology studies the relationship between brain function and psychological processes, helping to understand the connection between the central nervous system and cognitive functions.

Q & A

What is the human nervous system and what is its primary function?

The human nervous system is the most complex system known to humans. It is composed of millions of units that interact to define behavior and how an organism responds to various internal and external stimuli.

What are the four main functions of a neuron?

The four main functions of a neuron are: 1) receiving information from the internal and external environment and other neurons, 2) integrating the received information and producing a response signal, 3) conducting the signal to its termination, and 4) transmitting the signal to other neurons, glands, or muscles.

What is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)?

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, processes and analyzes information, and transmits messages to coordinate the body's functions. It detects, interprets, and responds to internal and external stimuli.

What is cerebrospinal fluid and what is its purpose?

Cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It serves to cushion the brain and spinal cord, protecting them from impacts, and also facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste with the blood.

What is the function of the meninges in the CNS?

The meninges are three protective layers that cover the brain and spinal cord. Their functions include protecting the CNS, supporting arteries, veins, and venous sinuses, and enclosing a cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

What is the role of the brain in the nervous system?

The brain is responsible for thinking, feeling, desiring, and acting. It is the seat of multiple conscious and unconscious actions, enabling responses to a constantly changing world.

What are the functions of the right and left hemispheres of the brain?

The right hemisphere is responsible for spatial orientation, memory, music, and emotional behavior, while the left hemisphere controls verbal functions, analysis, reasoning, and logical thinking.

What are the four lobes of the brain and what are their functions?

The brain has four lobes: the frontal lobe (responsible for initiative, judgment, abstract reasoning, creativity, and social behavior), the occipital lobe (focused on visual processing), the temporal lobe (involved in auditory processing and memory), and the parietal lobe (responsible for body sensation, spatial recognition, and pain, temperature, and pressure sensitivity).

How is the brain divided into different regions and what are their specific roles?

The brain is divided into two hemispheres (left and right), each of which is responsible for different functions such as sensation and movement control on opposite sides of the body. The lobes within each hemisphere have specialized functions like motor control, sensory processing, vision, memory, and emotional processing.

What is the importance of neuropsychology in understanding the nervous system?

Neuropsychology is the discipline that studies the relationship between brain function and psychological processes. It plays a crucial role in understanding how the central nervous system underlies cognitive functions and human behavior.