¿Qué es la LITERATURA? Características, tipos, géneros literarios, autores y sus obras

Summary

This transcript provides a comprehensive overview of literature, exploring its origins, characteristics, and various types. It highlights the historical roots of literature, from ancient Sumerian texts to modern works, and discusses its evolution into different genres such as narrative, lyrical, and dramatic. The text delves into literary figures, movements, and the unique qualities that make each work distinct. It covers notable literary currents like modernism and magical realism, while also exploring the significance of poetic function, symbolism, and different types of literature including oral, written, and fantasy. Additionally, it references prominent authors and their iconic works.

Takeaways

• 😀 Literature is a collection of texts that evoke reflections, sensations, and emotions in readers. It can be narrative, descriptive, or reflective in nature, exploring both real and fictional events.
• 😀 The Royal Spanish Academy defines literature as the art of verbal expression, linking it to both written and oral word, though it is often associated with poetic works.
• 😀 Early literary texts were often created for religious or ceremonial purposes, sung or recited to deities, showcasing a more elaborate aesthetic in language.
• 😀 Literature is often categorized by national, ethnic, linguistic, or temporal context, such as Mexican literature or the works of Cervantes.
• 😀 The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered the earliest known literary work, originating in Sumer around 2500 BCE, and is written on clay tablets.
• 😀 Originality in literature is tied to the author's imagination, making each work unique and reflective of the author's personal style.
• 😀 The major literary genres include lyric, narrative, and dramatic, with various subgenres emerging within each, such as novels, short stories, poems, and plays.
• 😀 Literary figures like alliteration, onomatopoeia, and oxymorons enhance the expressiveness of texts and are particularly important in poetry and novels.
• 😀 Literary movements or currents, such as vanguardism, modernism, and magical realism, are defined by shared stylistic and ideological features during particular historical periods.
• 😀 Literature can be classified into different types, including oral literature (transmitted through stories and myths) and written literature (which evolved from clay tablets to modern electronic media).

Q & A

What is literature, according to the transcript?

Literature is a collection of texts or stories that use words to evoke reflections, sensations, or emotions in readers. These texts can be narrative, descriptive, or reflective on a real or fictitious event.

What does the Royal Spanish Academy define as literature?

The Royal Spanish Academy defines literature as the art of verbal expression, linking it to both written and oral words, typically with a poetic character.

How did the earliest literary texts function?

Early literary texts were created to be sung to deities or recited. These creations often involved more elaborate aesthetic work, reinforcing their literary nature and distancing them from everyday language.

What is the significance of the Epic of Gilgamesh in literature?

The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered the first literary creation, written on clay tablets in Sumerian and dating back to around 2500 BCE.

How does originality play a role in literature?

Originality is closely tied to the imagination and literary abilities of the author. Even though many works may be written about the same subject, each piece reflects the unique qualities and style of its creator.

What are the main literary genres mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript highlights three main literary genres: lyric, narrative, and drama. These genres include various subgenres such as poetry, novels, plays, and more.

What are some examples of literary figures mentioned?

Some of the literary figures mentioned include alliteration, onomatopoeia, and oxymoron. These figures help enhance the expressiveness of texts.

What are literary movements, and can you give examples?

Literary movements group works created in a given time with shared characteristics, such as style, ideology, theme, or historical context. Examples include avant-garde, modernism, magical realism, and surrealism.

What is the poetic function in literature?

The poetic function in literature aims to intensify the message being transmitted. It is closely linked to literary figures, which enhance the qualities of the text and reinforce the originality of the author.

How does symbolism function in literature?

Symbolism in literature often represents a person's interpretation of an event and is conveyed through a connotative language. This allows for multiple interpretations depending on the reader, with significant meanings often condensed into specific scenes or passages.

What are the different types of literature mentioned?

The transcript mentions oral literature, which is the oldest form and relates to the popular beliefs of communities, and written literature, which emerged around 3000 BCE and has evolved across different mediums, such as clay tablets, papyrus, and electronic formats.

What is the role of literature in science fiction and non-fiction?

Science fiction presents imagined events that may foresee future occurrences, while non-fiction is based on real or verifiable events, often used in traditional novels and short stories to add credibility to the narrative.