IDEG Podcast - Resumo Semanal - 04/07/2025 - Episódio especial de Retrospectiva #1

Summary

This episode of the Deg podcast offers a comprehensive review of key global topics from the past year, focusing on human rights, refugee issues, environmental challenges, and maritime law. It highlights Brazil's involvement in international forums like the UN Human Rights Council and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as its contributions to climate action and efforts to tackle forced displacement. With a special emphasis on the global climate crisis, COP initiatives, and Brazil's environmental policies, the episode serves as an essential resource for listeners preparing for international relations exams.

Takeaways

• 😀 Brazil is serving its sixth term on the UN Human Rights Council, supporting initiatives like racial equality and human rights defenders.
• 😀 Brazil abstained on several key votes, including on the situation of human rights in Russia and Venezuela.
• 😀 The Inter-American Court of Human Rights condemned Brazil in five human rights violation cases in 2024.
• 😀 Forced displacement continues to rise globally, with over 123 million displaced people by the end of 2024.
• 😀 Brazil recognized more than 77,000 refugees in 2023, with the majority being Venezuelans, and has been a key player in refugee responses.
• 😀 The global climate crisis remains critical, with 2024 being the hottest year in the past 175 years, and COP conferences focusing on climate finance and carbon markets.
• 😀 Brazil's new climate goals include reducing net emissions by 67% by 2035, and the country has been actively involved in international climate agreements.
• 😀 The Amazon Fund, a major initiative to reduce emissions from deforestation, continues to receive international support, with Ireland contributing in March 2025.
• 😀 Brazil's proposal for a Tropical Forests Forever Fund was launched to ensure funding for global tropical forest preservation.
• 😀 The expansion of Brazil’s continental shelf, particularly in the equatorial margin, grants new sovereignty over the Blue Amazon, emphasizing Brazil’s growing maritime influence.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the special series starting on the Deg podcast?

The special series aims to provide a retrospective of the most relevant facts from the past year, focusing on key topics that are important for the upcoming test, with an emphasis on security and strategy.

What role does Brazil play in the UN Human Rights Council?

Since 2024, Brazil has been serving its sixth term on the UN Human Rights Council, advocating for the strengthening of the international human rights system, promoting racial equality, and defending historically vulnerable groups.

What were some of the key actions taken by Brazil in the UN Human Rights Council during its mandate?

Brazil supported the renewal of the international investigation into Sudan, abstained from voting on issues regarding Russia and Venezuela, and continued its historic support for HIV/AIDS resolutions advocating for universal health access and anti-discrimination measures.

What is the situation with forced displacement and refugees in the world according to Aknur 2025's Global Trends?

By the end of 2024, there were 123 million forcibly displaced people globally, with 73.5 million being internally displaced and 31 million refugees. The main causes of displacement are war, persecution, and environmental disasters, with Venezuela, Syria, Afghanistan, Ukraine, and Sudan being the top sources.

What steps has Brazil taken to address the refugee crisis?

Brazil's National Committee for Refugees (CONARE) has recognized over 77,000 refugees, with Venezuelans making up 93% of the total. Brazil has also joined international efforts to end statelessness and recognized 133 girls and women as refugees who were victims of genital mutilation.

How has the global climate crisis been addressed in recent years?

In 2024, the World Meteorological Organization highlighted that global temperatures reached record highs. Various international conferences, such as COP 29, have focused on climate finance, carbon markets, and emission reduction goals. Brazil also committed to reducing its emissions by up to 67% by 2035.

What is Brazil's approach to environmental issues in foreign policy?

Since 2023, Brazil has prioritized sustainable development and environmental protection in its foreign policy, including launching initiatives such as the Tropical Forests Forever Fund, establishing a climate partnership with the United States, and advocating for global climate action.

What is the Amazon Fund and how does it contribute to global environmental efforts?

The Amazon Fund is the largest global initiative to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It has received donations from several countries and aims to ensure continued funding for the preservation of tropical forests worldwide.

How does the expansion of Brazil's continental shelf affect its rights and resources?

In March 2025, Brazil's request to expand its continental shelf was approved, granting it the right to explore resources in a new strip of the Blue Amazon, an area beyond the 200 nautical miles typically governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

What important environmental legal decision was made by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in 2024?

In May 2024, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea issued an unprecedented advisory opinion recognizing greenhouse gas emissions as marine pollution and establishing that states have a legal obligation to protect the oceans from climate change impacts.