Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia | Pancasila SMP

Summary

This video script provides an engaging and informative overview of Indonesia's changing governmental systems throughout its history. It explains the shifts from a presidential system to a parliamentary system and back, highlighting key periods such as 1945-1949, 1950-1959, and 1998-present. The script focuses on Indonesia's political evolution, challenges, and the impact of various constitutions, including the 1945 Constitution and its amendments. The video aims to help viewers understand Indonesia's governance structure, how it has evolved, and why certain systems were adopted, encouraging viewers to reflect on which system might be best for the country.

Takeaways

• 😀 The government system in Indonesia has evolved over time, with multiple changes since the country gained independence.
• 😀 The initial system after independence was the presidential system, where the president served as both the head of state and government.
• 😀 Due to opposition from socialist groups, the system shifted to a parliamentary system in 1945, with the president only serving as the head of state.
• 😀 In 1949, the Republic of Indonesia was formed as a federal state, which adopted a semi-parliamentary system where the president and prime minister held combined roles.
• 😀 By 1950, Indonesia abandoned the federal system due to political instability and switched back to a unitary state with a parliamentary system.
• 😀 The Indonesian parliamentary system from 1950-1959 was marked by political instability, short cabinet tenures, and a failure to create a new constitution.
• 😀 In 1959, President Sukarno reinstated the 1945 Constitution, returning to a presidential system with increased presidential power.
• 😀 The presidency in the 1959-1998 period saw significant concentration of power, with limited checks and balances, leading to authoritarianism.
• 😀 After the fall of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesia underwent constitutional amendments, including limiting presidential terms to two periods and directly electing the president.
• 😀 The post-1998 reforms also separated the executive and legislative powers, and established stronger judicial oversight with the inclusion of constitutional courts and judicial commissions.

Q & A

What is the definition of a government system?

A government system is the way a country is organized and governed, regulating the relationship between various institutions in the process of governance.

Did Indonesia change its government system after independence?

Yes, after independence, Indonesia underwent several changes in its government system, transitioning between different forms such as the presidential, parliamentary, and semi-parliamentary systems.

What system of government did Indonesia adopt after the 1945 constitution?

After the 1945 constitution was adopted, Indonesia initially implemented a presidential system, where the president acted as both the head of state and head of government.

Why was the presidential system replaced in Indonesia shortly after independence?

The presidential system was replaced due to opposition from socialist groups who felt that it concentrated too much power in the hands of the president, potentially leading to dictatorship.

What is a parliamentary system, and how did it affect Indonesia’s governance?

A parliamentary system separates the head of state and head of government, with the prime minister as the head of government. In Indonesia, this system reduced the president's powers, shifting executive responsibilities to the prime minister and the parliament.

What changes occurred during the period of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat (RIS) from 1949-1950?

During the RIS period, Indonesia adopted a semi-parliamentary system, where the president held both the roles of head of state and head of government, which was different from the traditional parliamentary system.

Why was the federal system in the Republic of Indonesia Serikat not supported?

The federal system was not supported because many political figures and parties in Indonesia wanted a unified republic, leading to regional rebellions and dissatisfaction with the system.

What was the significance of the 1959 presidential decree?

The 1959 presidential decree restored the 1945 constitution and re-established the presidential system, after instability under the parliamentary system and failure to create a new constitution.

How did President Soekarno's leadership during the presidential system differ from later administrations?

Under President Soekarno, the presidential system led to significant concentration of power, with limited checks and balances, including his appointment as president for life and the dissolution of the elected parliament.

What changes were made to Indonesia's government system after the 1998 reforms?

The 1998 reforms included direct presidential elections, a limit on the president's term to two periods, the dissolution of the Supreme Advisory Council (DPA), and a clearer separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.