Manajemen Koperasi & UMKM (Sejarah Perkembangan Koperasi Di Dunia)

Summary

The lecture covers the history and development of cooperatives worldwide, including in the UK, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Indonesia. It highlights the origins of cooperatives in response to economic struggles and the significant figures and movements that contributed to their growth. Special emphasis is given to Indonesia’s cooperative history, from the colonial era to independence, discussing its challenges, evolution, and the role of cooperatives in the nation’s development. Students are asked to summarize the lecture and submit their findings in PDF format.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history and development of cooperatives globally and in Indonesia were discussed, highlighting their origins and key milestones.
• 😀 Cooperatives began in England in the 19th century, with the Rochdale Society forming in 1844 to address worker suffering, primarily focused on consumption needs.
• 😀 In France, cooperatives emerged as a response to poverty caused by industrialization, with notable figures such as Charles Fourier and Ferdinand Lil advocating for better conditions for workers and small entrepreneurs.
• 😀 Germany saw its cooperative movement start with an appeal by the mayor of Eld to unite farmers for mutual benefit, leading to the formation of savings and credit cooperatives.
• 😀 In Denmark, approximately 30% of the population participates in cooperatives, with a significant portion of the rural population aged 18-30 attending higher education, contributing to the growth of cooperatives in agricultural and consumption sectors.
• 😀 Sweden’s cooperative movement achieved success by defeating monopolies, such as flour sales, in the 1920s, supported by well-organized educational programs for workers and managers.
• 😀 The cooperative model in Indonesia dates back to 1895, starting with the formation of a cooperative by Raden Arya Wiratbaja in Purwokerto to assist local government employees.
• 😀 Under Dutch colonial rule, cooperatives were formed for the welfare of native Indonesians, with support from movements like Boedi Oetomo and Serikat Dagang Islam.
• 😀 During the Japanese occupation, cooperatives were manipulated by the Japanese government for resource extraction, and the term 'kumiai' was used, representing a system of forced participation rather than mutual benefit.
• 😀 After Indonesia’s independence in 1945, cooperatives grew under the guidance of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, although early regulations, such as the Cooperative Law of 1947, focused more on political control rather than improving citizens’ welfare.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the first meeting of the presentation?

The main topic discussed is the history and development of cooperatives worldwide, with a specific focus on several countries including England, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Indonesia.

How did the cooperative movement start in England?

The cooperative movement in England began due to the suffering of workers in Europe, particularly in England in the early 19th century. The Rochdale Pioneers founded the first cooperative in 1844, initially focusing on consumer needs before expanding into productive ventures.

What was the role of the Rochdale Pioneers in the cooperative movement?

The Rochdale Pioneers played a crucial role in developing the cooperative movement in England by establishing a small shop that grew into a cooperative providing housing, education, and improving the knowledge of its members and managers.

How did cooperatives develop in France?

In France, cooperatives were established by small entrepreneurs, driven by the suffering caused by industrialization. Key figures like Charles Fourier and Ferdinand LaSalle contributed to the creation of cooperatives, which later included 476 cooperatives with about 3.5 million members.

What role did cooperatives play in Denmark?

In Denmark, cooperatives played a major role in distributing agricultural products. They were so successful that nearly 30% of Denmark’s population participated in cooperatives, and they spread beyond agriculture to include consumer goods.

What was the outcome of the cooperative movement in Sweden?

The cooperative movement in Sweden achieved significant success by defeating large private companies, such as in the case of breaking the monopoly on flour sales in 1926. By 1949, Sweden had 674 cooperatives with approximately 1 million family members as part of the movement.

What key factors contributed to the success of cooperatives in Sweden?

The success of cooperatives in Sweden was largely due to systematic education programs for employees and managers, including technical courses and adult education initiatives aimed at improving the overall effectiveness of cooperatives.

What role did cooperatives play in Indonesia's history?

Cooperatives in Indonesia have a long history, starting with the establishment of the first cooperative in 1895. The movement faced various challenges under Dutch and Japanese rule, but it flourished post-independence, especially with the support of laws and the endorsement of cooperative principles.

How did cooperatives function during the Dutch colonial period in Indonesia?

During the Dutch colonial period, cooperatives were initially established by figures like Raden Arya Wiratbaja to help indigenous people and government employees. The movement gained momentum with support from national movements like Budi Utomo and Serikat Dagang Islam.

What happened to cooperatives under Japanese occupation in Indonesia?

Under Japanese rule, the cooperative concept was manipulated to serve the colonial regime's interests. The term 'Kumiai' was introduced, but the cooperatives were essentially tools to extract resources from the Indonesian population rather than genuine efforts to improve the people's welfare.