01. Sejarah Pemikiran Modern - "PEMBENTUK & INTI MODERNITAS" - Bambang I. Sugiharto

Summary

This transcript delves into the modern philosophical curriculum, discussing the distinction between modern thinking and modern philosophy. It explores the key elements that shape modernity, including humanism, Protestantism, rationalism, romanticism, and capitalism. The discussion extends to modern subjectivity, freedom, and the dilemmas of rationality. The content also touches on the role of cultural analysis and the critical perspectives of scholars such as Anthony Giddens, Erik Fromm, and Edward Said, emphasizing the complexity of modern thought and its cultural impacts. The transcript highlights the evolution of modernity through a humanistic lens.

Takeaways

• 😀 Modern thought is a broad concept and can be divided into two categories: modern philosophy and modern thinking, where philosophy focuses on the intellectual aspect and thinking encompasses cultural and socio-cultural views.
• 😀 Modernity cannot be fully understood by only studying philosophy, as it also encompasses cultural, social, and historical dimensions.
• 😀 Key elements that constitute modernity include humanism, Protestantism (which played a role in the rise of capitalism), rationalism, romanticism (as a critique of rationalism), and capitalism itself.
• 😀 Humanism is central to the formation of modernity, often reflecting an anthropocentric worldview, where human experience and reason take precedence.
• 😀 Protestantism is closely tied to the rise of capitalism; however, capitalism evolved independently and became an autonomous force within modernity.
• 😀 Rationalism is a central idea in modernity, and romanticism emerged as a response and critique, challenging the overemphasis on reason and embracing emotional and artistic aspects.
• 😀 Modernity also involves a reflection on the concept of self, with narcissism becoming a popular cultural trait, especially through social media platforms like Facebook, which serves as an outlet for self-display.
• 😀 Narcissism, as discussed by Christopher Lasch, is linked to a deeper psychological void within modern society, which may lead to mental health issues and phenomena like violence or terrorism.
• 😀 The theme of freedom in modernity is explored by thinkers such as Erich Fromm, who emphasized the complexities and challenges of freedom in contemporary life.
• 😀 The modern subject is a key concept in understanding modernity, with figures like Charles Taylor providing insights into the nature of selfhood and identity in the modern world.

Q & A

What is the difference between 'modern thought' and 'modern philosophy' as explained in the transcript?

Modern thought is a broader cultural and socio-cultural perspective, while modern philosophy focuses specifically on the philosophical aspects of modernity.

Why is it insufficient to study only philosophy to understand modernity?

Understanding modernity requires more than just studying philosophy because modern cultural phenomena extend beyond philosophical frameworks and encompass wider cultural, social, and historical contexts.

What are the two main components of the curriculum mentioned in the transcript?

The two main components are 'constitutive elements of modernity' and 'the core of modernity'.

What are some of the key constitutive elements of modernity discussed?

Key elements include humanism, Protestantism (and its link to capitalism), rationalism, romanticism, and capitalism itself.

How is Protestantism related to capitalism according to the speaker?

Protestantism, according to a thesis by Max Weber, played a significant role in the development of capitalism, particularly through the values it propagated.

What is romanticism's role in relation to rationalism?

Romanticism emerged as a cultural movement that critiqued and countered the rationalism of the Enlightenment, especially during the 19th century.

What does the transcript mention about modern narcissism?

Narcissism, as a cultural phenomenon, is seen in the modern age through platforms like Facebook, which serve as showcases for self-promotion and vanity, often linked to deeper psychological emptiness or disorders.

What is the connection between modernity and mental health issues like narcissism and violence?

Modernity's inherent emptiness is discussed as contributing to mental health problems, such as narcissism, and potentially violent behavior, as it creates a sense of existential void.

Which theorist's views on freedom are referenced in the transcript?

Erich Fromm's views on freedom are highlighted, especially his contributions from a psychoanalytical perspective.

How does the transcript describe the evolution of humanism in modern thought?

Humanism evolves throughout modernity, starting from its classical roots and continuing to influence modern philosophical thought, often in the form of anthropocentrism, focusing on human-centered approaches across various ideologies.