Tantangan Pembangunan Indonesia Dari Masa Ke Masa : Transformasi Perjalanan dan Harapan plus LKPD

Summary

The video explores Indonesia's development journey through different political eras, starting with the Old Order under President Soekarno, which faced political instability and economic challenges. The New Order under President Soeharto focused on economic growth but suffered from corruption and inequality. The Reform Era, beginning in 1998, brought democratic reforms, decentralization, and anti-corruption efforts, but still struggles with socio-economic disparities, corruption, and environmental issues. Each era brought its own unique set of challenges and achievements in Indonesia's ongoing development.

Takeaways

• 😀 Development in Indonesia is a process aimed at improving welfare through structural changes in the economic, social, and political fields.
• 😀 The development process has been influenced by historical conditions and government policies throughout the different eras in Indonesia.
• 😀 The Old Order (1945-1966) under President Soekarno was marked by struggles to maintain independence and instability in the government due to frequent cabinet changes.
• 😀 During the Old Order, there was a focus on political and ideological development, with economic development being a secondary priority. The government controlled the economy through a planned economy.
• 😀 The major challenges during the Old Order included high inflation, economic mismanagement, political instability, lack of investment, and inadequate infrastructure.
• 😀 The New Order (1966-1998) under President Soeharto emphasized political stability, security, and economic growth, with a centralized government system and tight control over the opposition.
• 😀 The New Order's planned development (Repelita) saw successes in agriculture, particularly with the self-sufficiency in rice, and improvements in infrastructure like roads and electricity.
• 😀 The major challenges of the New Order included dependency on foreign debt, economic inequality between regions and social groups, and the widespread issue of corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN).
• 😀 The Reform Era (1998-present) started with the fall of Soeharto and saw democratic changes, decentralization, and greater autonomy for regional governments.
• 😀 The Reform Era introduced the establishment of anti-corruption institutions like the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), and a diversified economy focusing on services, creative industries, and technology.
• 😀 The Reform Era faces significant challenges such as high social-economic inequality, persistent corruption despite anti-corruption measures, and dependency on natural resource exports, which are vulnerable to global price fluctuations and environmental degradation.

Q & A

What is the primary goal of development in Indonesia as described in the script?

The primary goal of development in Indonesia is to improve the welfare of society through structural changes in the economic, social, and political fields, focusing on sustained growth and equitable social distribution.

How did the governance system evolve during Indonesia's 'Old Order' period (1945-1966)?

During the 'Old Order' period, Indonesia's governance system evolved from a presidential system to a guided democracy under President Soekarno. The system saw frequent cabinet changes, political instability, and a focus on political and ideological development rather than economic growth.

What were the main challenges faced by Indonesia during the 'Old Order' period?

The main challenges during the 'Old Order' included high inflation, economic mismanagement, political instability due to frequent cabinet changes, lack of investment, and minimal infrastructure development.

What characterizes the governance and development approach during the 'New Order' (1966-1998)?

The 'New Order' was characterized by a centralized, authoritarian governance system under President Soeharto, with a focus on political stability, security, and economic growth. The development strategy involved planned economic development through the 'Repelita' (five-year plans), with significant achievements in agriculture and infrastructure.

What were the main challenges faced during the 'New Order' period?

Challenges during the 'New Order' included reliance on foreign debt, economic inequality between regions and social groups, and widespread corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN). Additionally, the 1997 Asian financial crisis led to the collapse of the government.

What significant changes occurred in Indonesia after the fall of Soeharto in 1998?

After Soeharto's fall in 1998, Indonesia underwent a democratic transition, marked by the implementation of political reforms, decentralization, and greater regional autonomy. New institutions, such as the Corruption Eradication Commission, were established to address corruption issues.

What were the key development strategies during the Reformasi era (1998-present)?

The Reformasi era focused on decentralization and giving more authority to regional governments. Economic diversification into sectors like services, creative industries, and technology, along with ongoing anti-corruption efforts, marked the period. However, challenges such as high social inequality, corruption, and environmental issues persisted.

How did the economic strategies differ between the 'Old Order' and the 'New Order'?

In the 'Old Order,' economic strategies were focused on centralized control with an emphasis on state-driven economic policies. In contrast, the 'New Order' prioritized economic growth through state-planned development, with notable success in agriculture (e.g., rice self-sufficiency) and infrastructure development.

What was the role of infrastructure development in Indonesia's progress during the 'New Order'?

Infrastructure development, such as improvements in roads, ports, and electricity, played a vital role in supporting Indonesia's economic growth during the 'New Order'. These developments facilitated trade, agriculture, and industrialization.

What are the main environmental and sustainability challenges faced in Indonesia's current development phase?

Indonesia's current development faces significant environmental challenges, including climate change, environmental degradation, and the impact of resource extraction. The country is also vulnerable to global price fluctuations due to its dependence on natural resource exports.