Ekonomi Internasional - 4 - Kebijakan Perdagangan Internasional

Summary

This video covers the fourth topic of an international economics course, focusing on international trade policy. It explains the definition of trade policy and its main goals, including economic growth, protection of domestic industries, ensuring healthy competition, and enhancing global competitiveness. The video also explores the key instruments of trade policy, such as tariffs (both fixed and ad valorem), non-tariff measures like subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restrictions, and local content requirements. The impact of these policies on both domestic and global markets is also discussed, highlighting their importance in shaping a nation's economic strategy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Trade policy refers to government actions aimed at influencing international trade, both directly and indirectly.
• 😀 The primary goals of trade policy include economic growth, protecting local industries, fostering competition, and improving global competitiveness.
• 😀 Economic growth is supported by trade policies that encourage exports, creating jobs and attracting investment.
• 😀 Protecting local industries from foreign competition, especially emerging industries, is a key objective of trade policy.
• 😀 Governments aim to maintain healthy competition in the domestic market, preventing monopolies, particularly from multinational companies.
• 😀 Trade policy can encourage technological innovation, improving efficiency and global competitiveness for exports.
• 😀 Technology transfer from developed to developing countries is an important goal of trade policy to help emerging economies grow.
• 😀 Economic integration through trade agreements between countries enhances alignment and strengthens trade relationships.
• 😀 Trade policies can address social and environmental issues, such as setting standards for imports to protect the environment or ensure fair labor practices.
• 😀 Key instruments of trade policy include tariffs (both fixed and ad valorem), subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restraints, and local content requirements.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video on international economics?

The main focus of the video is on international trade policies, specifically how governments use trade policies to influence foreign trade activities, including their impact on the economy.

What are the three main types of international policies discussed in the video?

The three main types of international policies discussed are trade policies, financial policies, and aid policies, with the video focusing on trade policies.

How does trade policy aim to influence economic growth?

Trade policy aims to boost economic growth by encouraging exports, which increases domestic production and creates more jobs, thereby stimulating overall economic activity.

What is the purpose of protecting local industries through trade policy?

The purpose of protecting local industries is to shield them from excessive foreign competition, allowing them to grow and develop, especially in the case of infant industries that are still in their early stages.

How does trade policy ensure healthy competition in the domestic market?

Trade policy ensures healthy competition by regulating the entry of multinational corporations into the domestic market, preventing monopolistic behavior and ensuring that local businesses can compete fairly.

What role does technological innovation play in trade policy?

Technological innovation is encouraged through trade policy to enhance the productivity, quality, and global competitiveness of domestic industries. It helps reduce production costs and enables countries to compete in international markets.

Why is economic integration an important goal of trade policy?

Economic integration is important because it facilitates trade agreements and harmonizes trade policies between countries, creating smoother and more efficient trade relationships at regional and global levels.

What social or environmental issues can trade policy address?

Trade policy can address social and environmental issues by setting standards that regulate the environmental impact of imported goods, such as reducing pollution or ensuring sustainable production practices.

What are tariffs, and how do they impact international trade?

Tariffs are taxes or fees imposed on imported goods. They raise the price of foreign goods, making them less competitive in the domestic market, which can protect local industries but may also lead to trade conflicts and higher consumer prices.

What is the difference between fixed tariffs and ad valorem tariffs?

Fixed tariffs are set as a specific amount per unit of an imported product, while ad valorem tariffs are based on a percentage of the value of the imported goods. Fixed tariffs are simpler but ad valorem tariffs adjust with the price of the goods.

What are some non-tariff barriers used in international trade?

Non-tariff barriers include regulations, standards, and administrative procedures that control imports without using taxes. These can include licensing requirements, quotas, and product standards that restrict the flow of foreign goods.

What are some examples of trade policy instruments other than tariffs?

Other than tariffs, trade policy instruments include subsidies (financial support for domestic industries), import quotas (limits on the amount of goods imported), voluntary export restraints (agreements to limit exports), and local content requirements (mandating the use of domestic resources in production).