Las funciones del lenguaje de Jakobson | Tipos y ejemplos

Summary

This video script delves into the functions of language, exploring why meaning can vary in seemingly identical messages. It introduces the theories of Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler, highlighting six key language functions: referential, expressive, conative, poetic, phatic, and metalinguistic. The script emphasizes the importance of context, intention, and the relationship between message, sender, and receiver in communication, providing insights into how language conveys information, emotions, and even reflects on itself.

Takeaways

• 🗣️ The script discusses the functions of language and their importance in communication, emphasizing how the meaning of a message can vary despite identical wording.
• 🕒 The example of the phrase 'Son las cinco' illustrates the dual meaning of indicating time or stating that someone is late, depending on the context.
• 🤔 The meaning of a sentence is often naturally extracted from the intention of the speaker and the context in which the message is conveyed.
• 📍 Context plays a crucial role in determining the meaning of a sentence, as shown by the different interpretations of 'Son las cinco' in a traffic jam versus a calm situation.
• 👤 The script mentions linguists and pedagogues like Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler, who contributed to understanding the different meanings of seemingly identical sentences based on various communication elements.
• 🔍 Bühler identified three functions of language based on the emitter and the receiver, while Jakobson expanded this to six functions, focusing on the message as the central element of communication.
• 📚 Jakobson's six functions of language are the referential, expressive, conative, poetic, phatic, and metalinguistic, each relating the message to different communication elements.
• 📝 The referential function provides information or references elements in reality, such as 'Son las tres' being verifiable with the position of the sun or a clock.
• 💬 The expressive function relates to the emotions or personal circumstances of the speaker, as in 'Tengo un dolor de cabeza', which communicates a personal sensation.
• 📞 The conative function involves sentences that expect a response from the receiver, like 'Coge el teléfono', which implies the receiver should pick up the phone.
• 🎨 The poetic function, also known as the aesthetic function, is about expressing ideas in an elegant or pleasing way through language.
• 🔄 The phatic function checks if the communication channel between the emitter and receiver is working properly.
• 🌐 The metalinguistic function is the most complex, as it involves the language talking about itself, like in the example 'Pedro tiene cinco letras', where the message is about the language itself.

Q & A

Why is the study of language functions important in communication?

Studying language functions is important because it helps us understand how messages can vary in meaning even when they are identical, depending on the context, intention, and elements of communication.

What does the phrase 'son las cinco' demonstrate in terms of language functions?

The phrase 'son las cinco' demonstrates the potential for double meaning, where it can indicate the time as well as express that someone is late, showing how meaning can vary based on context.

How do we typically discern the true meaning of a sentence?

We usually discern the true meaning of a sentence by naturally considering the intention of the speaker and the context in which the message is conveyed.

What are the elements of communication that can affect the meaning of a message?

The elements of communication that can affect the meaning of a message include the context, the sender (emitter), the receiver, the message itself, and the channel of communication.

Who are some of the linguists and pedagogues from the 20th century that contributed to the understanding of language functions?

Carl Valeri, Roman Jakobson, and Karl Bühler are some of the linguists and pedagogues who contributed to the understanding of language functions by examining how meaning varies in communication.

According to Karl Bühler, what are the three functions of language?

According to Karl Bühler, the three functions of language are related to the emitter (the person who sends the message) and the receiver (the person who receives the message), focusing on the message as the central element of communication.

What are the six functions of language as proposed by Roman Jakobson?

Roman Jakobson proposed six functions of language: the referential function, the expressive function, the conative function, the poetic function, the phatic function, and the metalinguistic function.

What is the referential function of language and how does it relate to reality?

The referential function, also known as the informative function, informs or makes reference to elements that are verifiable in reality. It ensures that the message corresponds with the context and reality, such as stating a fact or time.

How does the expressive function of language differ from the referential function?

The expressive function differs from the referential function in that it focuses on the relationship between the message and the emitter, expressing the emitter's feelings or personal circumstances, rather than referring to external reality.

What is the conative function of language and how does it involve the receiver?

The conative function involves sentences that do not just communicate a message but also expect a response from the receiver. It is etymologically related to the action initiated by the receiver, such as in imperative sentences that prompt the receiver to perform an action.

What is the purpose of the phatic function in communication?

The phatic function serves to check that the communication channel between the emitter and the receiver is functioning properly. It is used to maintain an open line of communication and to ensure that the message is being received.

Can you provide an example of the metalinguistic function?

An example of the metalinguistic function is when language talks about itself, such as stating 'Pedro has five letters.' This function provides definitions or facts about the language itself, differentiating it from other functions.