LA LUZ NATURAL EN LA ARQUITECTURA. Fundamentos de Diseño

Summary

This video discusses the role of natural light in architecture, highlighting it as a fundamental material that shapes our perception of space. The use of light is explored through various examples, such as Le Corbusier, Luis Barragán, and Tadao Ando, emphasizing its impact on both sensory and emotional experiences. The script covers how light interacts with architectural elements like openings and surfaces, creating transformations throughout the day. It also touches on the symbolism of light in spaces like churches, where light conveys spiritual meaning. Overall, the video illustrates how light, in its many forms, is a transformative tool for architects.

Takeaways

• 😀 Natural light is considered by many architects as the first and most fundamental material in architecture.
• 😀 Light is essential in architecture as it helps define and delineate objects, making it a constant subject of study.
• 😀 Great architects such as Le Corbusier, Luis Kahn, Alvar Aalto, and Tadao Ando have used light in various ways throughout history.
• 😀 The importance of light lies in its ability to allow us to perceive space and create a sense of temporality through changing shadows.
• 😀 As the day progresses, the light enters from different angles, continuously transforming the forms within a space.
• 😀 The way light is used in a space provides a wide range of inspirational and sensory resources for architectural design.
• 😀 Sensory responses to light influence our perception of a space, evoking emotions like tranquility, fear, or intrigue.
• 😀 The concept of architectural phenomenology is closely tied to how visual stimuli from light influence the imagination and sensations within a space.
• 😀 Light enters a space through openings, and their design (size, placement, and shape) directly affects the quality, form, and sensory experience of the space.
• 😀 Examples of how light affects space include the Pantheon in Rome, where the oculus enhances the scale of the temple, and the Institute of the Arab World, where controlled light impacts spatial experiences.

Q & A

Why is natural light considered a fundamental element in architecture?

Natural light is considered a fundamental element in architecture because it is an irreplaceable resource that cannot be eliminated or overlooked. It helps define and delineate spaces, impacting both the aesthetics and functionality of architectural designs.

How has natural light been used by prominent architects throughout history?

Great architects like Le Corbusier, Luis Barragán, Alvar Aalto, Tadao Ando, and others have explored the effects and benefits of light in various ways. They utilized it to enhance spatial perception, mood, and emotional response in their buildings.

What role does natural light play in our perception of space over time?

Natural light influences our perception of space by changing throughout the day, casting different shadows and angles. This transformation enhances our awareness of the space and can evoke various emotional responses.

How does natural light affect the sensory experience of a space?

Natural light influences sensory experiences by evoking emotions like tranquility, warmth, or intrigue. It plays a key role in phenomenology, affecting how we emotionally connect with a space.

What are the three types of openings that allow light into a space?

The three types of openings are: lateral openings (on the façade), zenithal openings (on the ceiling), and global openings (which are larger subtractions of volumes, like courtyards or atriums). Each type impacts the quality and quantity of light entering a space.

How do the size, location, and design of openings affect an interior space?

The size, location, and design of openings directly influence the spatial quality, form, surface texture, and sensory perception of the interior. These factors can highlight or soften certain areas and change the overall atmosphere.

What is an example of how light influences the scale and character of a space?

An example is the Pantheon in Rome, where the large 8-meter-diameter oculus allows light to enter the space, accentuating the scale and creating a dramatic transformation in the temple's atmosphere.

How do buildings like the Institut du Monde Arabe and the Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum use light?

Both buildings use light to create effects through surfaces and textures. The Institut du Monde Arabe utilizes a façade of individually calibrated lenses that adjust to changing light conditions, while the Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum's layered roof generates complex shadows, influencing the internal experience.

What is the significance of the Church of Light by Tadao Ando in terms of natural light?

The Church of Light by Tadao Ando uses light to create a spiritual atmosphere, with controlled openings that allow light to form a contrast between light and darkness. This contrast signifies peace, tranquility, and reflection.

How does the Chapel of Ronchamp by Le Corbusier use light to affect the space?

The Chapel of Ronchamp uses two lighting strategies: light towers and lateral perforations. The light from these openings creates a dynamic interplay of surfaces, making the space feel like it is constantly shifting in scale and form.