¿Aztecas o Mexicas? ¿Cuál es el término correcto y por qué?

Summary

This documentary delves into the origins and historical evolution of the Aztec people, exploring their transformation from nomadic tribes to the dominant empire in central Mexico. It addresses the confusion surrounding the terms 'Aztecs' and 'Mexicas,' clarifying their origins, meanings, and appropriate usage. The film examines key sources, such as the Codex Boturini and Codex Mendoza, to explain the shift in identity from 'Aztecs' to 'Mexicas,' marked by their sacred connection to the god Huitzilopochtli. The documentary concludes with an insightful discussion of the correct context for using these terms and their broader significance in Mexican identity.

Takeaways

• 😀 The documentary 'Los Aztecas' traces the history of the Aztec people, from their nomadic origins to becoming the largest empire in central Mexico, and their eventual defeat by the Spanish.
• 😀 The terms 'Aztecs' and 'Mexicas' were used interchangeably in the documentary, causing confusion about the correct term and its usage.
• 😀 Aztlán is identified as the mythical origin place of the Aztecs, with references to it found in various codices like the Codex Boturini and Codex Aubin, with its meaning potentially related to 'the place of the whiteness' or 'the place of the herons'.
• 😀 The term 'Azteca' is derived from Aztlán, the legendary homeland of the Aztecs, and refers to all the people associated with it, even those who weren't directly part of the Mexica group.
• 😀 The term 'Mexica' became prevalent after the Aztecs' name change following an encounter with their deity, Huitzilopochtli, who instructed them to adopt this new name.
• 😀 Huitzilopochtli is a central figure in Aztec culture, believed to be the one who led the people out of Aztlán and guided them to their new homeland, Tenochtitlán.
• 😀 The Codex Boturini's visual elements, like footprints and sacred bundles, narrate the journey of the Aztecs (or Mexicas) and the symbolic significance of their migrations.
• 😀 The transition from Aztec to Mexica is symbolized in the codices by the ceremonial sacrifice of the 'Hombres Búho' and the name change granted by Huitzilopochtli.
• 😀 The term 'Azteca' is generally used to refer to all related groups from central Mexico that share cultural and linguistic ties, but 'Mexica' refers specifically to the people from Tenochtitlán after the name change.
• 😀 While 'Azteca' is often used in foreign contexts, especially for cultural reasons, 'Mexica' is the more accurate term when referring to the post-name change civilization.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the documentary 'Los Aztecas'?

The documentary focuses on the history of the Aztec people, from their origins as a nomadic tribe to their rise as the largest empire in central Mexico, and ultimately their defeat by Spanish forces supported by other indigenous groups.

Why did the documentary use the terms 'Aztecs' and 'Mexicas' interchangeably?

The documentary used the terms 'Aztecs' and 'Mexicas' for continuity purposes. However, it raised questions about the accuracy and proper usage of these terms, which were explored in depth during the presentation.

What is the significance of the term 'Azteca' and how does it relate to Aztlán?

The term 'Azteca' refers to people originating from Aztlán, which is considered the mythical homeland of the Aztecs. The term 'Azteca' is linked to their geographical and cultural roots in Aztlán, as shown in various codices like the 'Tira de la Peregrinación'.

What does the term 'Mexicas' mean, and how did the Aztecs transition to this name?

The term 'Mexicas' is derived from the god Huitzilopochtli, who changed the name of his people after a significant event. This change occurred when Huitzilopochtli ordered the Aztecs to leave Aztlán and take a new name as 'Mexicas' after a sacrificial act was performed.

How do the codices contribute to understanding the origins of the terms 'Aztec' and 'Mexica'?

Codices like the 'Tira de la Peregrinación' and the 'Códice Aubin' offer visual and written evidence that supports the identification of Aztlán and the shift from the term 'Aztec' to 'Mexica'. These documents provide crucial historical and cultural context for the terminology.

What role did the 'Teomama' play in the journey of the Aztecs?

The 'Teomama' were sacred carriers who played a significant role in guiding the Aztecs during their pilgrimage. They carried sacred bundles, such as the one that contained the deity Huitzilopochtli, symbolizing divine protection and guidance.

How does the image of Huitzilopochtli in the codices reflect the importance of this god to the Aztec people?

Huitzilopochtli is depicted prominently in the codices, often with visual cues that reinforce his importance. He is shown as a central figure in guiding the Aztecs, with the imagery indicating his influence on their migration and the establishment of their empire.

Why is the moment of the Aztecs changing their name to 'Mexicas' seen as pivotal in their history?

The change of name from 'Aztecs' to 'Mexicas' marks a defining moment in the cultural and religious identity of the people. This shift, dictated by Huitzilopochtli, is considered a crucial moment in their establishment as a distinct and powerful civilization.

What distinguishes the terms 'Aztec' and 'Mexica' when referring to this group of people?

The term 'Aztec' is more general and refers to various groups associated with the mythical origin of Aztlán, while 'Mexica' specifically refers to the people who adopted this name after a significant change in their identity, especially following the religious act commanded by Huitzilopochtli.

What is the significance of the 'Códice Mendoza' and how does it relate to the use of 'Aztec' and 'Mexica'?

The 'Códice Mendoza' is a key historical document that provides insight into the practices and structure of the Mexica civilization, created in Tenochtitlan. It is used to illustrate how the term 'Mexica' is more accurately applied to the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan, while 'Aztec' can be used more broadly to include other Nahuatl-speaking groups.