MASA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN - SEJARAH - MATERI UTBK SBMPTN DAN SIMAK UI - Part.2

Summary

The video script discusses Indonesia's political and economic policies during the 'Guided Democracy' era, led by President Soekarno. It covers foreign policies such as the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961, the Trikora policy to reclaim West Papua from the Dutch, and the Confrontation with Malaysia over the formation of the Malaysian Federation. Economic policies include the implementation of two rounds of currency devaluation (Sanering) in 1959 and 1965 to combat inflation, the formation of the Economic Council (Dekon), the National Development Planning Agency, and the establishment of a single state bank (Bank Tunggal). Additionally, the 'Mercusuar' policy, which involved constructing grand buildings like Sarinah, Monas, and Gelora Bung Karno, is highlighted as a symbol of national pride, despite the need for foreign aid to finance these projects.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the political and economic policies during Indonesia's 'Guided Democracy' era.
• 🌍 One of the key foreign policies was Indonesia's involvement in establishing the Non-Aligned Movement (GNB) in 1961.
• 🏛️ The Trikora policy was introduced by President Soekarno to reclaim West Irian from Dutch control.
• 💵 Economic policies included the implementation of 'Sanering', which was a currency devaluation strategy to combat high inflation.
• 🏦 The formation of 'Dekon' or the Economic Council and the National Development Planning Agency were part of the economic strategies.
• 🏢 The 'Bank Tunggal' was established, merging Bank Indonesia with other state-owned banks to streamline financial operations.
• 🏗️ The 'Mercusuar' policy involved the construction of grand buildings and infrastructure to project Indonesia's national image.
• 🏙️ Notable projects under the Mercusuar policy included the Sarinah building, Monas, Dirgantara statue, and Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.
• 📺 TVRI was established to broadcast the Asian Games held in Indonesia in 1962, showcasing the country's capability to host international events.
• 📚 The video serves as an educational resource, providing insights into Indonesia's historical political and economic landscape.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the policies during the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia, focusing on foreign and economic policies.

Which organization did Indonesia help establish during the Guided Democracy era?

Indonesia helped establish the Non-Aligned Movement, also known as the Non-Bloc movement.

In what year was the Non-Aligned Movement founded, and in which city was it established?

The Non-Aligned Movement was founded in September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

Which countries were the pioneers in the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement?

The pioneers of the Non-Aligned Movement were Indonesia, Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, and Ghana.

What was the Trikora, and how was it related to the foreign policy during the Guided Democracy era?

Trikora, or the Tri Command of the People's Command, was an effort by the Indonesian government to reclaim West Irian from the Dutch during the Guided Democracy era.

What was the political stance of Indonesia during the Cold War, as reflected in the video script?

Indonesia took a neutral stance during the Cold War, not aligning with either the Western Bloc or the Eastern Bloc, as demonstrated by its involvement in the Non-Aligned Movement.

What was the Konfrontasi, and how did it relate to Indonesia's foreign policy during the Guided Democracy era?

The Konfrontasi was a conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1963 to 1966, stemming from Indonesia's opposition to the formation of Malaysia, which was seen as a form of neocolonialism and imperialism.

What economic policies were implemented during the Guided Democracy era in Indonesia?

Economic policies during the Guided Democracy era included the implementation of the Sanering policy, the establishment of the Economic Council (DEKON), the formation of the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), and the creation of the Central Bank (Bank Tunggal).

What is the Sanering policy, and why was it implemented?

The Sanering policy involved devaluing the Indonesian currency to combat high inflation. It was implemented twice during the Guided Democracy era, once in 1959 and again in 1965.

What is the 'politik mercusuar' mentioned in the script, and what were some of its notable projects?

Politik mercusuar refers to the policy of building grand infrastructure projects to showcase Indonesia's greatness during the Guided Democracy era. Notable projects include the Sarinah building, the National Monument (Monas), the Dirgantara statue, and the Gelora Bung Karno sports complex.