Drilling Machine Operations: Boring, Reaming, Counter Sinking, Spot Facing, Tapping | Shubham Kola
Summary
TLDRThis session covers various drilling machine operations, including drilling, reaming, boring, counter sinking, counter boring, spot facing, and tapping. Drilling creates cylindrical holes, while boring refines and corrects the size and roundness of pre-existing holes. Reaming smooths and sizes holes post-drilling. Spot facing creates a flat surface for fasteners. Tapping creates internal threads, and counterboring enlarges hole ends cylindrically. Countersinking forms a conical enlargement at the hole's end, with tools featuring multiple cutting edges.
Takeaways
- 🔩 Drilling operation involves creating a cylindrical hole by rotating a cutting tool called a drill, which leaves a rough internal surface and results in a hole slightly larger than the drill size.
- 📏 Boring operation is used to increase the diameter of an existing hole, often to correct its roundness and finish the internal surface, using a single-edged boring tool placed in a tapered boring bar.
- 🔧 Spot Facing operation is performed to produce a flat surface at the top of a drilled hole for seating bolt heads, washers, or nuts, aiming to achieve a high surface finish.
- 🔨 Tapping operation uses a tap as a cutting tool to create internal threads that match the size of external threads, which can be done manually or with external power.
- ⚒ Counterboring operation enlarges the end of a hole cylindrically, using a counterbore tool with cutting edges that may be straight or spiral, typically at a slower speed than drilling.
- 🔧 Reaming operation refines the size and finish of a hole after the initial drilling process, using a reamer, which is a multi-point cutting tool.
- 🔩 Countersinking operation creates a conical enlargement at the end of a hole, with the countersink tool featuring multiple cutting edges on its conical surface, and the included angle of the cone ranging from 60 to 90 degrees.
- 🛠 The speed of spindle in boring is less than that in reaming, indicating a slower process for achieving the desired hole finish.
- 🔗 Tapping can be performed by hand or with external power, demonstrating flexibility in the operation depending on the application and available equipment.
- 🔧 Reaming is essential for achieving the desired hole size and improving the internal surface finish, especially after the initial drilling process which often leaves an imperfect hole.
Q & A
What is the primary purpose of a drilling operation?
-The primary purpose of a drilling operation is to produce a cylindrical hole inside a workpiece by rotating the cutting edge of a tool called a drill.
Why is the internal surface of a hole usually rough after drilling?
-The internal surface of a hole is usually rough after drilling because the process involves the rapid removal of material by the rotating drill, which can leave behind an uneven surface.
What is the difference between drilling and boring operations?
-Drilling creates a hole in the workpiece, while boring is used to increase the diameter of an existing hole, often to improve its surface finish and correct its roundness.
How does the boring tool differ from a drill?
-The boring tool has only one cutting edge and is placed in a boring bar with a tapered shank, unlike a drill which is used for initial hole creation.
What is the purpose of spot facing operation?
-Spot facing is used to produce a flat seat for bolt heads, washers, or nuts at the opening of a drilled hole, providing a high surface finish at the top of the hole.
What is the function of a tap in a tapping operation?
-A tap is used in a tapping operation to create internal threads that can mate with external threads of identical size, effectively cutting threads into the hole.
Can tapping be performed manually or does it require external power?
-Tapping can be performed manually, but it can also be done using external power for increased efficiency and precision.
What is the primary goal of a counterboring operation?
-The primary goal of a counterboring operation is to enlarge the end of a hole cylindrically, using a counterbore tool with cutting edges that may be straight or spiral.
Why is the cutting speed in counterboring usually slower than drilling?
-The cutting speed in counterboring is usually slower than drilling because it is a precision operation that requires careful control to avoid damaging the workpiece, with speeds typically being around 25% smaller.
What is the main objective of reaming operation?
-Reaming is done to obtain the desired size of a hole and to finish the internal surface properly, using a reamer which is a multi-point cutting tool.
How does countersinking operation differ from other hole enlargement operations?
-Countersinking operation differs from other hole enlargement operations by creating a conical-shaped enlargement at the end of a hole, with the countersink tool having multiple cutting edges on its conical surface.
Outlines
🛠️ Drilling Machine Operations
This paragraph introduces various operations performed by a drilling machine, including drilling, reaming, boring, counter sinking, counter boring, spot facing, and tapping. Drilling creates a cylindrical hole by rotating a cutting tool called a drill. The internal surface of the hole is typically rough and larger than the drill size. Boring is used to increase the diameter of a previously drilled hole, often to correct roundness and finish the hole to a required size. The boring tool has a single cutting edge and is placed in a tapered shank boring bar. Spot facing is used to produce a flat surface for a bolt head, washer, or nut at the opening of a drilled hole, providing a high surface finish. Tapping involves using a tap to create internal threads that can mate with external threads of identical size. Counterboring enlarges the end of a hole cylindrically, using a counterbore tool with cutting edges that may be straight or spiral. Reaming is performed to achieve the desired hole size and to finish the internal surface, using a reamer, which is a multi-point cutting tool. Countersinking creates a conical enlargement at the end of a hole, with the countersink tool featuring multiple cutting edges on its conical surface.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Drilling
💡Reaming
💡Boring
💡Countersinking
💡Counterboring
💡Spot Facing
💡Tapping
💡Cutting Tool
💡Spindle Speed
💡Multi-Point Cutting Tool
💡Surface Finish
Highlights
Drilling operation produces a cylindrical hole by rotating a cutting tool called a drill.
Drilled holes are typically rough and larger than the drill size.
Boring operation enlarges a previously produced hole to improve its internal surface finish.
Boring is used to correct the roundness of holes and achieve the required size.
The boring tool has a single cutting edge and is placed in a tapered shank boring bar.
Spot Facing Operation creates a flat seat for bolt heads, washers, or nuts at the hole opening.
Tapping operation uses a tap to create internal threads that match external threads of the same size.
Tapping can be done manually or with external power.
Counterboring enlarges the end of a hole cylindrically using a counterbore tool with cutting edges.
Counterboring has a slower cutting speed, about 25% less than drilling.
Reaming is done to achieve the desired hole size and improve the internal surface finish after drilling.
A reamer is a multi-point cutting tool used in the reaming process.
Countersinking operation creates a conical enlargement at the end of a hole, with angles ranging from 60 to 90 degrees.
Countersink tools have multiple cutting edges on their conical surface.
Drilling machines are versatile and can perform various operations like drilling, reaming, boring, and tapping.
The internal surface finish of a hole is a critical factor in many machining processes.
The selection of cutting speed is crucial for the efficiency and quality of the machining process.
Multi-point cutting tools like reamers are essential for achieving precision in hole sizing.
Transcripts
In todays session
we will learn about
drilling machine operations
like drilling
reaming
boring
counter sinking
counter boring
spot facing
Tapping operation
so first is drilling operation
in drilling
we produce a cylindrical hole
inside workpiece
Here material is removed
by rotating edge of cutting tool
and the rotating edge is called as drill
in drilling operation
internal surface of
hole is usually rough
and hole is always bigger than
drill size
next is Boring Operation
here we increase
diameter of hole
which was previously produced
Boring operation is done
due to machining internal surface of hole
which was produced by casting process
Boring operation is done
due to correcting roundness of hole
and finishing the hole
for making it of
required size
The boring tool
has only one cutting edge
The boring tool is placed in boring bar
which was tapered shank
The speed of spindle in boring
is less than reaming operation
Spot Facing Operation
is used for producing
flat seat
for bolt head
washer or nut
at opening of drilled hole
it is used to give high surface finish
at top of hole
next tapping operation
here tap is used for making
internal threads
which can be fit into external threads of
identical size
that means
here tap works as a cutting tool
Tapping operation can be performed by hand
or you can also use
external power for doing this
In counterboring operation
the end of hole is enlarged
cylindrically
here counterbore works as a tool
counterbore consists of cutting edges
These cutting edges
may be straight or spiral
The cutting speed in counterboring process
is usually slow
this cutting speed is 25%
smaller than
that of speed in drilling
next is Reaming operation
here before Reaming
the size of hole
after drilling process
may not be perfect
Most of time
its internal surface
may not be finished properly
Reaming is done
to obtain desired size of hole
Also internal surface of hole
gets appropriately finished
with this process
here Reamer is used for reaming
here Reamer is a multi-point cutting tool
the Countersinking operation
is used to make
coned shaped enlargement
at end of hole
here included angle
of conical surface
may be 60 degree to 90 degree
here countersink tool
has multiple cutting edges
on its conical surface
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