Human-Environmental INTERACTION! [AP Human Geography Review—Unit 1 Topic 5]
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into human-environment interactions, a central theme in human geography. It explores how humans utilize natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable, and the implications for sustainability. The video also addresses land use and how built environments reflect cultural values. It contrasts two frameworks: environmental determinism, which suggests environments shape culture, and possibilism, which argues that humans are the primary shapers of culture. The script is engaging, using humor to discuss serious topics like climate change and resource management.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Human-environmental interaction is a key focus in human geography, examining how humans interact with their environment.
- 🗑️ The speaker reflects on their personal waste disposal, highlighting the broader issue of human impact on the environment.
- 🔋 Natural resources are categorized into renewable and non-renewable, with renewable resources like solar and wind energy being unlimited.
- ⛽ Non-renewable resources, such as oil, are finite, and once depleted, they cannot be replenished.
- 🌱 Sustainability is about using resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations, often regulated by governments.
- 🔥 Climate change is a major concern related to sustainability, with fossil fuel usage leading to increased greenhouse gases and global warming.
- 🏗️ Land use and the built environment reflect cultural values, with differences across regions highlighting various cultural landscapes.
- 📜 Environmental determinism was a dominant theory in the past, suggesting that a people's environment shapes their culture.
- 🛠️ Possibilism is the current prevailing theory, arguing that humans, not geography, primarily determine their culture, though the environment still plays a role.
- 🌐 Access to technology influences how much control a culture has over its environment, with more technology allowing for greater cultural development.
Q & A
What is the central theme of the study of human geography?
-The central theme of the study of human geography is how humans interact with their environment, which is referred to as human environmental interaction.
What are the three major categories of human environmental interaction that geographers study?
-The three major categories of human environmental interaction are the use of natural resources, sustainability, and land use.
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
-Renewable resources are materials that can be used in unlimited measures, such as the sun and wind, while non-renewable resources are limited and once used up, they are gone, like oil.
How does the use of fossil fuels contribute to climate change?
-The use of fossil fuels like coal and oil leads to the release of greenhouse gases when burned in cars and factories. These gases trap heat, causing the Earth to become hotter, which in turn leads to climate change.
What is sustainability and why is it important?
-Sustainability is about using renewable resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations. It is important to prevent over-exploitation of resources and to mitigate the effects of climate change.
How do governments play a role in sustainability?
-Governments play a role in sustainability by creating policies that regulate the use of resources and limit carbon emissions to ensure a healthy environment for future generations.
What is the difference between environmental determinism and possibilism?
-Environmental determinism argues that a people's environment determines the shape of their culture, while possibilism argues that humans, not geography, are the main determiner of their culture, with the environment offering many possibilities for cultural development.
How does the built environment reflect cultural values?
-The built environment, which includes structures like buildings and neighborhoods, reflects and is affected by the cultural values of the people who build them, showing the cultural landscapes they create.
Why did the theory of environmental determinism become less prevalent?
-Environmental determinism became less prevalent because it was used to justify colonization and imperialism, and it was later recognized that humans play a more significant role in shaping their culture than their environment alone.
How does access to technology affect a culture's interaction with its environment according to possibilism?
-According to possibilism, cultures with access to many technologies have more possibilities for shaping their environment and thus the environment plays a lesser role in forming their culture, whereas for those with less access, the environment plays a more significant role.
Outlines
🌏 Human Environmental Interaction
This paragraph introduces the core concept of human geography, which is the interaction between humans and their environment. The speaker humorously illustrates this by discussing the generation of trash by their family and its disposal, hinting at the broader implications of human activities on the environment. The video aims to explore this interaction in depth, covering three main categories: the use of natural resources, sustainability, and land use. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding these interactions for future generations, suggesting that our current practices may have significant environmental consequences.
🌱 Natural Resources and Sustainability
The paragraph delves into the first category of human environmental interaction: the use of natural resources. It distinguishes between renewable resources, like the sun and wind, which are virtually inexhaustible, and non-renewable resources, such as oil, which are finite. The speaker highlights how humans have developed various ways to utilize these resources, but also points out the potential for depletion, especially with non-renewable ones. The second category, sustainability, is introduced as a way to ensure that resources are used in a manner that they remain available for future generations. The paragraph also touches on the role of governments in regulating resource use to combat issues like climate change, which is a significant concern due to the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels.
🏙️ Land Use and Cultural Reflections
The third category of human environmental interaction discussed is land use, which involves how humans use and modify the land for their needs. The speaker explains that the built environment, including structures and neighborhoods, reflects the cultural values of the people who create them. Examples are given to show how different cultural values lead to distinct built environments, such as the architectural styles in Washington DC versus Rio De Janeiro. The paragraph emphasizes that these differences are a manifestation of the diverse cultural landscapes that humans develop.
🧠 Theoretical Frameworks in Human Geography
The final part of the paragraph introduces two theoretical frameworks that geographers use to understand human-environment interactions: environmental determinism and possibilism. Environmental determinism, once a dominant theory, suggested that the environment shapes human culture, which was used to justify European imperialism. However, this theory has been largely replaced by possibilism, which posits that humans, not geography, are the primary determinants of culture. Possibilism acknowledges the influence of the environment but argues that it offers a range of possibilities for cultural development, with the extent of this influence being tied to a society's access to technology. The speaker concludes by inviting viewers to continue exploring these concepts through additional resources provided in the video description.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Human Environmental Interaction
💡Renewable Resources
💡Non-renewable Resources
💡Sustainability
💡Climate Change
💡Land Use
💡Built Environment
💡Environmental Determinism
💡Possibilism
💡Cultural Landscapes
Highlights
The study of human geography focuses on human-environmental interaction.
Humans interact with their environment in various ways, such as waste management.
Geographers study three major categories of human-environmental interaction.
The use of natural resources is a key category, including both renewable and non-renewable resources.
Renewable resources like the sun and wind can be used indefinitely with technology.
Non-renewable resources, such as oil, are finite and have multiple uses.
Sustainability is about using resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations.
Climate change is a major concern for sustainability due to the use of fossil fuels.
Policies to limit carbon emissions are created to combat climate change.
Land use is the third category, describing how humans modify the land they live on.
Built environments reflect the cultural values of the people who create them.
Environmental determinism suggests that the environment shapes a people's culture.
Possibilism is the current dominant theory, arguing that humans shape their culture, not just geography.
Access to technology influences how much a culture is shaped by its environment.
Geographers use theories to explain human-environmental interactions.
The video provides an engaging and humorous approach to explaining complex geographical concepts.
Transcripts
so at the center of the study of human
geography is how humans interact with
their environment and this is what we
call human environmental interaction for
example look at me right now interacting
with my environment and it's
it's disgusting but what's crazy is that
my family produced all this trash and
then I'm going to roll it down to the
street later and some guy in a jumpsuit
is going to take it away and I'd like to
believe that they're going to take it
all to trash heaven where it's going to
spend eternity frolicking in Open Fields
World Without End Amen but I have a
sneaking suspicion that my belief is
flawed and that they're actually taking
it to a giant nasty landfill and bearing
it in the ground where it will live
until the sun swallows the Earth and
that's insane like we bury our trash in
the earth well yeah that's like kind of
the best idea we've had so far but it's
only one illustration of how humans
interact with their environments and
that's what this video is all about so
if you're ready to get them brain cows
milked well let's get to it so there are
three big categories of human
environmental interaction that
geographers study and you need to know
all of them by the way if you want notes
to follow along with this video and all
my videos check the link in the
description first is human's use of
Natural Resources which are materials
that are found in the earth that humans
use for economic games I mean to be fair
there are probably some resources on the
earth which are just useless for humans
but for the most part we found a way to
generate prodigious amounts of boom boom
from most of the Earth's resources and
within this category there are two two
kinds of Natural Resources first you've
got renewable resources which can be
used in unlimited measures for example
the sun is an unlimited resource that
humans can use scientists tell us it's
going to burn out in like eight billion
years but we got some time anyway with
Technologies like solar panels the sun's
energy can be converted into electricity
and you can have as much of it as you
want or wind is another example ain't no
shortage of wind and with turbines like
these wind can also be converted into
electricity the Mind reels but on the
other hand we've got non-renewable
resources which can be used only in
limited measures like once these are
gone they're gone maybe one of the most
important examples here is oil the sweet
black gold is buried under the Earth's
surface throughout the world and we've
figured out about nine good jillion ways
to make money off of this stuff so not
only is oil refined and used to make
gasoline for our cars but its byproducts
are used to make Plastics and rubber for
electronics and basketballs and even
your dang toothpaste to Only Name a few
but the big honking problem here is that
the Earth only has so much oil and when
we run out we're done so but don't worry
when we no longer have oil to
manufacture toothpaste apparently some
companies are now using charcoal so you
know that's that's an option okay the
second major category of human
environmental interaction is concerned
with sustainability which is concerned
with using renewable resources in a way
that they will continue to be available
in the future I mean if we wanted to we
could use up all the non-renewable
resources in our generation and create
post-apocalyptic conditions for our
children in which societies are ruled by
Burly men with necklaces filled with the
teeth of their enemies but it's it's
generally frowned upon no we want to
make sure that we use resources in such
a way that they'll continue to be
available in the future and to
accomplish this it's often governments
who make policies regulating the use of
those resources for example one of the
main concerns surrounding sustainability
right now is climate change since the
18th century humans have used fossil
fuels like coal and oil more and more
and by burning it in our cars in our
factories greenhouse gases are released
into the environment the problem is that
those gases trap heat and the more we
hurl those molecules into the air the
hotter the Earth becomes the hotter the
Earth becomes the more wildfires occur
the more ice caps melt and raise the sea
levels that means concerns about climate
change have led governments and
international coalitions to create
policies limiting carbon emissions which
will hopefully mean that the future
Generations can live on the earth in
peace and not you know under the
domination of Mr teeth necklace okay and
the third major category of human
environmental interaction geographer
study concerns a land use which
describes how human beings use and
modify the land on which they live and
under this heading geographers study
humans built environment which includes
everything on a piece of land that
humans have built from Zaxby's to
neighborhoods to religious spaces what's
most important to remember here is that
built environments reflect and are
affected by the cultural values of the
people who build them for example the
built-in firemen in Washington DC
reflects the values of American
government you have three branches of
government and three different buildings
apparently we're big fans of George
Washington and Thomas Jefferson and
Abraham Lincoln but that looks way
different than the built environment of
Rio De Janeiro because Brazilians have
different cultural values than Americans
and the differences between all the
built environments across the world are
reflections of various cultural
landscapes that people create and we'll
get to that in unit three okay so those
are the concepts geographers use to
study human interaction with their
environment but geographers have also
established two Frameworks of thought
which is to say theories that help them
get all thinky-thinky about explaining
those interactions and you need to know
both the first theory is called
environmental determinism which argues
that a people's environment determines
the shape of their culture now
determinism was the dominant theory in
the 19th and early 20th centuries during
the European age of Imperialism which is
to say the age when Europeans colonize
nearly the whole dang world and called
all the Shia and this Theory helped him
justify that Global takeover and here's
why in tropical regions around the
equator food is relatively easy to grow
because the climate is warm and
precipitation is abundant therefore
Europeans thinking along the lines of
determinism concluded that tropical
cultures must be pretty lazy and
underdeveloped so hey let's go take them
over and show them how great western
culture is rude yes very rude indeed but
here's where I tell you that determinism
is no longer the prevailing Theory today
possibilism is the dominant theory of
human environmental interaction and it
argues the reverse namely that humans
not geography are the main determiner of
their culture in other words possibilism
says that whatever environment humans
find themselves in it offers many
different possibilities for cultural
development now to be clear possibilism
isn't arguing that environment has no
effect on cultural development because
it obviously does it's only arguing that
environment isn't the main determiner of
human culture however it's important to
understand that a people's possibilities
for shaping their environment are
related to their access to various
Technologies so for cultures with access
to many Technologies their environment
plays less of a role in how their
culture is formed and for those with
less access environment plays much more
of a role all right well I'm getting out
of this trash can click over here to
keep watching unit one videos and also
over here to get my video note guides if
you don't like reading your textbook you
still need to get the content of the
course like the video now guys are the
way to go anyway I'll catch you on the
flip-flop I'm Laura
cool
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