Emergency Drugs List: Classes, Uses and Dosages

Summary

This video script discusses essential and optional drugs for medical emergencies, focusing on their classifications, indications, and dosages. It covers a range of medications, including adrenaline for resuscitation, atropine for bradycardia, and various drugs for heart conditions, hypertension, and sedation. The script also touches on antidotes for poisoning and drugs used in specific medical procedures, providing a comprehensive guide for medical professionals.

Takeaways

• 💊 The script discusses two categories of drugs: essential drugs for every medical kit and optional drugs based on practitioner expertise and needs.
• 🚑 Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a crucial drug used in resuscitation, anaphylaxis, and asthma unresponsive to bronchodilators.
• 🌡 Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that dries up body secretions and is used to treat severe bradycardia and certain poisonings.
• 🩺 Norepinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug used to control blood pressure during hypotension and as an urgent treatment for cardiac arrest.
• 💔 Calcium gluconate is a calcium salt used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and conditions like hypokalemia and magnesium toxicity.
• 📈 Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalinizing agent for treating hyperkalemia, acidosis, and in overdose situations of certain medications.
• 💗 Amiodarone is a class 3 antiarrhythmic drug used for treating specific types of ventricular tachycardias and fibrillations.
• 🩸 Dextrose is indicated for treating hypoglycemia and restoring normal blood glucose levels, also used in managing hypokalemia and DKA.
• 💓 Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used for relieving angina and decreasing hypertension.
• 🏥 Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used for rapid sequence induction in procedures requiring brief muscle relaxation.
• 💉 Dopamine is a catecholamine used to treat hemodynamic imbalances, low cardiac output, and hypotension.

Q & A

What are the two categories of drugs mentioned in the script?

The two categories of drugs mentioned are essential drugs, which should be part of every medical institution's drug kit, and optional drugs, which depend on the practitioners' training and the need for sedation and general anesthesia.

What is the primary use of adrenaline or epinephrine as mentioned in the script?

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is used in resuscitation for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, superficial bleeding, and asthma that has been unresponsive to bronchodilators.

How does atropine function, and what conditions does it treat?

Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that helps to dry up body secretions and slow gastrointestinal motility. It is used to treat acute severe bradycardia, organophosphate or carbonate poisoning, and acts as an antispasmodic agent.

What is the role of norepinephrine in medical treatments?

Norepinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug used to control blood pressure in cases of hypotension and as an urgent treatment during cardiac arrest.

What conditions are treated with calcium gluconate according to the script?

Calcium gluconate is used for ventricular arrhythmias, hypokalemia, tetany, hypocalcemia, and magnesium toxicity.

What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate in medical treatments?

Sodium bicarbonate is a systemic alkalinizing agent used in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia, severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and in cases of tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

What is the indication for using amiodarone as per the script?

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug indicated for the treatment of cardiomyopathies, such as recurrent, hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardias and fibrillations, atrial fibrillation, and PSVT.

How is dextrose used in medical treatments as mentioned in the script?

Dextrose is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia to restore normal blood glucose levels, manage hypokalemia, and prevent hypoglycemia when treating with insulin.

What is the primary function of nitroglycerin in medical treatments?

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator primarily used to relieve angina chest pain and can also be used to decrease hypertension.

What are the uses of succinylcholine as described in the script?

Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used in rapid sequence induction for procedures requiring brief muscle relaxation, such as intubation and airway management.

What are the conditions treated with dopamine as per the script?

Dopamine is used to treat hemodynamic imbalances, profound hypotension, low cardiac output, and bradycardia.

What is the role of furosemide or Lasix in medical treatments?

Furosemide, also known as Lasix, is a loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, edema in congestive heart failure, renal disease, and hypertension. It can also be used in cases of fluid overload and hyperkalemia.

Outlines

00:00

💊 Essential and Optional Medications for Medical Emergencies

This paragraph discusses two categories of drugs: essential drugs, which should be included in every medical institution's drug kit, and optional drugs, which depend on the practitioner's training and the need for sedation and anesthesia. The essential drugs include adrenaline for resuscitation in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis, atropine for acute severe bradycardia, norepinephrine for hypotension and cardiac arrest, calcium gluconate for ventricular arrhythmias, sodium bicarbonate for hyperkalemia and acidosis, amiodarone for cardiac arrhythmias, dextrose for hypoglycemia, nitroglycerin for chest pain and hypertension, succinylcholine for muscle relaxation, dopamine for hemodynamic imbalances, dobutamine for heart failure, furosemide for hypertension and edema, lidocaine for ventricular arrhythmias, and adenosine for myocardial perfusion.

05:00

🚑 Advanced Medications for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Emergencies

The second paragraph delves into advanced medications used for specific medical conditions. It covers the use of hydrocortisone for anti-inflammatory purposes and immune conditions, vasopressin for treating shock, midazolam for sedation and muscle relaxation, naloxone as an opioid antagonist, diazepam for anxiety and alcohol withdrawal, prednisolone for inflammation and immune reactions, heparin as an anticoagulant, aminophylline for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, promethazine for allergic reactions and nausea, methylprednisolone for severe allergic disorders and skin conditions, terbutaline for asthma attacks, ethamsylate for capillary bleeding, flumazenil for benzodiazepine overdose, potassium chloride for hypokalemia, digoxin for atrial fibrillation and heart failure, and amphetamines for ADHD and cyanide poisoning.

Keywords

💡Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication that functions as a sympathomimetic drug. It is an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist, which means it stimulates certain receptors in the body to mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. In the context of the video, adrenaline is highlighted as a crucial drug used in resuscitation for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and asthma that is unresponsive to other treatments. It is a vital component of emergency medical kits due to its ability to rapidly increase heart rate and blood pressure.

💡Atropine

Atropine is a drug classified as an anticholinergic, which blocks the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body. This leads to the drying up of body secretions and slowing of gut motility. The video mentions atropine as a first-line drug for treating acute severe bradycardia, a condition characterized by abnormally slow heart rate. It is also used in cases of poisoning from organophosphates or carbamates, highlighting its importance in emergency medicine.

💡Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that acts as a sympathomimetic drug. It is used to control blood pressure during hypotensive episodes and can be administered during cardiac arrest. In the video, it is emphasized as a medication that can help stabilize blood pressure in critical situations, showcasing its role in managing hemodynamic instability.

💡Calcium Gluconate

Calcium gluconate is a medication classified as a calcium salt and is used as an antidote in certain poisoning cases. It is also utilized for treating ventricular arrhythmias and reducing the risk of ventricular fibrillation. The video script mentions its use in hypokalemia, tetany, hypocalcemia, and magnesium toxicity, underlining its versatility in managing electrolyte imbalances and related conditions.

💡Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate is a systemic alkalinizing agent used to treat conditions like acute hyperkalemia, severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis. It can also be used in overdose situations involving tricyclic antidepressants. The video script highlights its role in correcting acid-base imbalances in the body, which is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions.

💡Amiodarone

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug used in the treatment of various types of cardiac arrhythmias, including stable ventricular tachycardias and fibrillations. The video emphasizes its use in managing life-threatening heart rhythms, reflecting its importance in cardiology for stabilizing cardiac function.

💡Dextrose

Dextrose, or glucose, is a simple sugar that serves as a quick source of energy. In medical settings, a 50% dextrose solution is used to treat hypoglycemia or to restore normal blood glucose levels. The video mentions its use in managing hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, as well as in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis, showcasing its role in maintaining blood sugar balance.

💡Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that primarily works by relieving angina, or chest pain, caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart. It belongs to the class of medications known as nitrates. The video script notes its use in decreasing hypertension, indicating its importance in managing cardiovascular conditions.

💡Succinylcholine

Succinylcholine is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used in medical procedures that require a brief period of muscle relaxation, such as rapid sequence intubation for airway management. The video script mentions its use in facilitating endotracheal intubation, highlighting its role in ensuring patient safety during critical procedures.

💡Dopamine

Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is also used as a medication to treat hemodynamic imbalances, such as low cardiac output and hypotension. The video emphasizes its use in treating heart failure and cardiogenic shock, reflecting its importance in supporting vital organ function in critical care settings.

💡Furosemide

Furosemide, also known as Lasix, is a loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, edema associated with congestive heart failure, and fluid overload conditions. The video script mentions its use in managing these conditions, indicating its role in promoting the removal of excess fluid from the body and regulating blood pressure.

Highlights

Drugs are divided into essential and optional categories for medical kits.

Adrenaline is used for resuscitation in cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and asthma.

Atropine is the first line treatment for severe bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning.

Norepinephrine controls blood pressure during hypotension and is used in cardiac arrest.

Calcium gluconate treats ventricular arrhythmias and reduces risk of ventricular fibrillation.

Sodium bicarbonate is used for acute hyperkalemia and severe acidosis.

Amiodarone is a class 3 antiarrhythmic for treating stable ventricular tachycardias.

Dextrose is indicated for hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia treatment.

Nitroglycerin relieves angina chest pain and can decrease hypertension.

Succinylcholine is a muscle relaxant used for rapid sequence induction in intubation.

Dopamine treats hemodynamic imbalances, low cardiac output, and hypotension.

Furosemide is a loop diuretic for hypertension, edema, and fluid overload.

Lidocaine is used for ventricular arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction.

Adenosine reverts supraventricular tachycardias and is used in myocardial perfusion.

Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory and immune conditions.

Vasopressin increases blood pressure in adults with distributive shock.

Midazolam is a short-acting hypnotic with muscle relaxant and amnesic properties.

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist reversing effects of opiate drugs.

Diazepam treats panic disorders, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawals.

Prednisolone is used for inflammation and immune reactions across various organs.

Heparin is an anticoagulant preventing and treating thrombotic events.

Aminophylline is a bronchodilator for treating acute asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Promethazine treats allergic disorders, skin conditions, and prevents nausea and vomiting.

Epinephrine is crucial for managing atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias.

Amphetamine treats attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cyanide poisoning.

Transcripts

welcome to made client today we should

be looking at the commonly used images

drugs the classification indications and

their doses

even these medications may be divided

into two categories the first category

is the drugs which are essential and

should be part of every Martin's drug

kit in an institution and the second

category consists of the drugs which are

useful but are optional depending on the

practitioners training in imagines

medical procedures and weather sedation

and general anesthesias are needed for

the behavior in anxiety management

this emerges drugs are stocked in an

emergency scratch cuts and used in

infestation or specialist procedures

number one drug is adrenaline or

epinephrine adrenaline is a

sympathomimetic drug which is an alphan

beta adrenergic Agonist it is used in

resuscitation in cases of cardiac arrest

anaphylaxis superficial bleeding and

Asthma which has been

in responsive to arbitral and salvatable

then we have atropine atropine belongs

to a class of drugs known as anticholin

addicts and they help to dry up body

secretions and body fluids and also slow

the guard movement

atropine is the first line drug in the

treatment of acute severe bradycardia or

less low heart rate in absence of a

reversible cause

atropin is also used in organophosphate

or carbonate poisoning or toxicity and

additionally it acts as antispasmodic

agent

norepinephrine or noradrenaline is a

sympathomimetic drug

this drug is used in the control of

blood pressure during various cases of

hypotension and can also be used as an

urgent treatment during cardiac arrest

calcium gluconate

calcium gluconate is classified as a

calcium salts with an antidote and used

for ventricular arrhythmias and reduces

the risk of ventricular fibrillation

these academic rhythmus it is also used

in hypokalemia or low potassium levels

in blood tetany

hypocalcemia and magnesium toxicity

sodium the carbonate is a systemic

alkalinizing agent and it's used in the

treatment of acute hyperkalemia

severe metabolic and respiratory

acidosis and also in case of tricyclic

antidepressant overdose

then we have a myodoron a murderon is a

class 3 antiarrhythmic drug that is

indicated in the treatment of

cardiocharithmias for example recurrent

hemodynamically and stable ventricular

tachycardias and recurrent ventricular

fibrillations

have atrophobic relations white complex

tachycardias and psvt

when you have 50 dextrose which is

indicated in the treatment of

hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia or to

restore normal blood glucose levels in

case five

of hypoglycemia this dextrose can also

be used in management of hypokalemia and

in dka all diabetic Eros doses it is

used to prevent hypoglycemia when you're

treating with insulin

when you have nitroglycerin

nitroglycerin is a vasodated drug

which primarily works by relieving

Angelina chest pain

it is a type of a nitrate which can also

be used to decrease hypertension

we have succin methodium or

succinylcholine these are the

fertilizing muscle relaxant that is used

in

case of Rapid sequence induction for

procedures which require only brief

duration of muscle relaxation for

example imagines intubation and Airway

management

then you have dopamine with a

catecholamine neurotransmitter we use

these drugs to treat hemodynamic

imbalances proper fusions or vital

organs low cardiac output and

hypotension it can also be used to treat

a rest in bradycardia

then we have the butamine this drug is

used in the treatment of heart failure

cardiogenic shock congestive heart

failure to increase correct output

then we have furosemide or Lasix

these are Loop diuretic or high ceiling

fluidic that is used to treat

hypertension and edema in congestive

heart failure Rhino disease and

hypertension and it can also be used in

case of fluid overloads to do rest and

also in case of hyperkalemia

we have lidocaine or lignocaine these

are local and aesthetic agents of the

amid group and it's also a class 1B and

the rhythmic agent that is primarily

used in treatment of ventricular

arrhythmias

in acute monocardial infarction

the jobs in poisoning cardioversion and

in some procedures for example cardiac

catheterization

then we have adenosine these are

medication used in myocardial perfusion

since citigraphy

and treatment of supraventricular

psychicardis to revert this

supraventricular tachycardias

hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid

that we use in anti-inflammatory cases

and for treating dematosis endocrine

disorders and immune conditions so in

addition to all this it is used in

autoimmune reaction asthmatic reaction

anaphylaxis the usual dose is around

5200 MD tremendously given for six hours

and then verse of praising is a drug

that is indicated to increase blood

pressure in adults in vastly shock that

is refractory to application of fluids

and catecholamines this vasopressin is

used as a last resort

midazolam is a short-acting hypnotic or

sedative drug

which has anstrologic properties muscle

relaxant properties

anticonvassants sedative and amnesic

properties we use midazola means

addition and also in prolonged scissors

the naloxone is an opioid antagonist

that is used to block or reverse the

effects of opiate drugs for example

patidine morphine

it is the main attribute for opioids and

is available as an injectable and auto

injector and more recently there is a

development of international doses forms

then we have diazepam

diaspam is a long-acting vasodiazepine

which has rapid onset and we use it

commonly to treat panic disorders

anxiety alcohol withdrawals and scissors

let's have method prednisolone these are

corticosteroid we use for inflammation

or immune reactions across the variety

of organs and endocrine conditions

then we have heparin

Heparin is an anticoagulant medication

that is used to prevent and Treat

thrombotic events for example when a

storm embolism per monthly embolism and

moreover Heparin prevents clotting

during surgical procedures for example

Cardis injuries

when we have aminophilin

aminophylline is a bronchodilator that

is used to treat acute asthmatic attack

in physics and chronic bronchitis

it's indicated for treatment of chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease

and then we have promethazine of finagra

Phenergan is a acidity and an anxiolytic

that resistance nose and vomiting can be

also be used in anaphylaxis and in case

of reaction to blood products or blood

transfusion

steroid that is used to treat severe

allergic disorders skin conditions

ulcerative colitis arthritis lupus and

in many cases we usually in case of

asthmatic attacks chronic obstructive

polymer disease and in allergic

reactions

they have the drifying

this is to treat acute asthmatic attack

and chronic obstructive pulmonary

disorders

we have Ethan silage or chronixamic acid

this is this is a synthetic hemostatic

drug that we use in case of a capillary

bleeding it works by increasing the

ability of the platelets to stick

together and form a blood flow so that

we can stop bleeding

antagonists that we use in reversing

benzodiazepine overdose in

post-operative sedation from

benzodiazepine and Aesthetics

then we have potassium chloride okcl

ucator of hypokalemia and is an

electrode supplement basically

and then we have the jobs in digoxin is

the most important emergency medication

and is used in the management of atrial

fibrillation it is used in the

management of atrial fibrillation

arrhythmias congestive heart failures

and the normal dose ranges from 10 to 15

micrograms per kg given on intravenous

root over 20 to 30 minutes

and they will help unfair them in

Salvage with the CNS stimulant

I used to treat attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy

amphetamine is also to treat cyanide

poisoning

[Music]