01.09. Aula de Atos e Fatos Contábeis (Contabilidade Geral)

Summary

In this lesson, Professor Ricardo Raso explains the key differences between accounting acts and facts. Acts, such as administrative actions like hiring employees or granting guarantees, do not affect a company's financial position. In contrast, accounting facts influence assets, liabilities, and equity, categorized into permutative (qualitative changes), modificative (quantitative changes), and mixed facts (both). The video also highlights practical examples and how these concepts are tested in exams. Understanding these distinctions is essential for accurate accounting practices and handling related exam questions effectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 Acts in accounting (Atos Contábeis) do not affect the entity's financial position or assets and are typically administrative actions.
• 😀 Accounting facts (Fatos Contábeis) are transactions that affect the entity's financial position, either qualitatively or quantitatively.
• 😀 A key distinction between accounting acts and facts is that acts don't impact the entity's assets or liabilities, while facts do.
• 😀 Permutative facts (Fato Permutativo) involve changes in the composition of assets or liabilities without affecting the total value or financial standing.
• 😀 Modifying facts (Fato Modificativo) change the financial position of the entity, either increasing or decreasing its value.
• 😀 Mixed facts (Fato Misto) combine elements of both permutative and modifying facts, involving changes in composition and value.
• 😀 A good example of a permutative fact is the purchase of stock for cash, which changes the asset composition but not the total financial value.
• 😀 A modifying fact could be the receipt of interest, which increases cash and, consequently, the entity's financial standing.
• 😀 An act like hiring an employee is considered an administrative act and does not directly affect the entity's financial position until later transactions occur, like salary payments.
• 😀 Understanding the difference between acts and facts is essential for accurately categorizing transactions in accounting practices and for exam preparation.

Q & A

What are 'Atos Contábeis' (Accounting Acts)?

Atos Contábeis (Accounting Acts) refer to actions that do not affect the entity's financial position. They are typically administrative acts that do not modify the entity’s assets or liabilities.

Can you provide an example of an 'Atos Contábil' (Accounting Act)?

An example of an Atos Contábil is the hiring of an employee. At the time of hiring, no financial impact occurs on the entity’s assets or liabilities, even though the company will later pay the employee's salary.

What is the primary difference between an 'Atos Contábil' and a 'Fato Contábil' (Accounting Fact)?

The key difference is that Atos Contábeis do not affect the entity's financial position, while Fatos Contábeis do. Fatos Contábeis can affect the entity’s financial position either qualitatively or quantitatively.

What are 'Fatos Contábeis' (Accounting Facts)?

Fatos Contábeis are events that affect the financial position of the entity. They can alter the entity’s assets, liabilities, or equity in terms of quantity or composition.

What is the definition of a 'Fato Permutativo' (Permutative Fact)?

A Fato Permutativo is a type of Fato Contábil that alters the composition of the entity’s financial position without changing the overall value. It involves the exchange of one asset or liability for another.

Can you give an example of a 'Fato Permutativo'?

An example of a Fato Permutativo is buying inventory with cash. The composition of assets changes (cash is exchanged for inventory), but the total value of assets remains the same.

What is a 'Fato Modificativo' (Modifying Fact)?

A Fato Modificativo is a type of Fato Contábil that alters the entity’s financial position by either increasing or decreasing the overall value of the assets, liabilities, or equity.

Provide an example of a 'Fato Modificativo'.

An example of a Fato Modificativo is earning interest income. This increases the entity's cash and equity by generating new value from the interest earned.

What is a 'Fato Misto' (Mixed Fact)?

A Fato Misto involves both a Fato Permutativo and a Fato Modificativo. It changes both the composition and the overall value of the entity’s financial position.

Can you give an example of a 'Fato Misto'?

An example of a Fato Misto is receiving a payment on a receivable with interest. This involves the exchange of one asset (receivables) for another (cash), as well as the recognition of a revenue (interest) that increases equity.

How are these accounting facts tested in exams?

Exams often test these concepts by asking whether an event is a 'Fato Contábil' or 'Atos Contábil' and whether it is a 'Fato Permutativo', 'Fato Modificativo', or 'Fato Misto'. They require students to understand how each event impacts the entity's financial position and to classify the event accordingly.

Why is understanding the difference between 'Atos' and 'Fatos Contábeis' important for accounting professionals?

Understanding the difference is crucial for accurate financial reporting and bookkeeping. It helps professionals properly classify and record transactions, ensuring that financial statements reflect the true financial position of the entity.