Papo Rápido Sobre Alfabetização: Alfabetização e Letramento - 1

Summary

In this video, Professor Gabriela Nogueira discusses the concepts of literacy and literacy practices, focusing on their distinctions and relevance in education. She explains that literacy involves learning to read and write, understanding the sounds of letters and their combinations to form words. Literacy, however, extends beyond this, incorporating social practices involving reading and writing in different contexts. She explores different theoretical perspectives, including those of renowned authors like Tiffany, Climao, and Freire, while emphasizing the evolving nature of these terms in academic and educational contexts. The video encourages reflection on teaching methods and the social dimensions of language learning.

Takeaways

• 😀 The terms 'alfabetização' (literacy) and 'letramento' (literacy practices) are frequently discussed in educational contexts but still lack a universal definition among educators and researchers.
• 😀 Alfabetização refers to the learning process of reading and writing, where children connect letters with sounds and understand the meaning of words in context.
• 😀 Letramento, which was not formally used until the 1980s, focuses on the social practices of reading and writing, extending beyond just the ability to read and write in a technical sense.
• 😀 Scholars like America To and Leda Tiffany were pioneers in using the term letramento in the 1980s to study the broader social and contextual implications of literacy.
• 😀 Angela Clima and Marta Soares emphasized that children can be 'literated' even before they are fully alfabetized, recognizing the importance of oral strategies and the social context of language use.
• 😀 Some researchers, such as Mary Kato, suggest that spoken language is a result of letramento, highlighting the school's role in developing students' mastery of spoken language in institutional settings.
• 😀 Emília Ferreiro argues that alfabetização already encompasses social practices, and there is no need for a separate term like letramento, while other scholars prefer using 'cultura escrita' (written culture) to refer to the symbolic and material aspects of writing in society.
• 😀 There is an ongoing debate between combining alfabetização and letramento or keeping them distinct, with different authors giving more emphasis to either linguistic specifics or social practices.
• 😀 Some theorists like Soares and Arthur Moraes believe in 'alfabetizar letrando,' or teaching the specifics of the writing system within a social context, emphasizing the importance of both.
• 😀 Paulo Freire's famous phrase 'the reading of the world precedes the reading of the word' encapsulates the idea that literacy must first consider the world around the learner before focusing on written language.

Q & A

What are the key terms discussed in the video about literacy education?

The key terms discussed are 'alfabetização' (alphabetization) and 'letramento' (literacy). These terms are commonly used in educational settings, but there is still no consensus on their precise definitions.

What is the general definition of 'alfabetização' (alphabetization)?

'Alfabetização' refers to the teaching of reading and writing, focusing on letters, syllables, and words. Children need to understand that letters represent sounds and that there is a limited number of letters that combine to form words.

What is the definition of 'letramento' (literacy)?

'Letramento' refers to the broader social practices involving reading and writing. It goes beyond just learning to read and write, encompassing the understanding and use of written language in real-world contexts.

Why is there confusion among educators and researchers about the definitions of alfabetização and letramento?

The confusion arises because different theoretical perspectives and historical contexts influence how these terms are defined. Various authors and researchers have provided different interpretations over time.

How has the term 'letramento' evolved in academic discourse?

'Letramento' was not widely used until the 1980s. It was initially not even in the dictionary. However, authors like América Toé and Leda Tiffany started using it in the 1980s, and later, researchers like Angela Clima and Marta Soares helped further develop the concept.

What was Tiffany's contribution to the concept of 'letramento' in the 1980s?

Tiffany's work focused on investigating not only those who were literate but also those who were not, shifting the focus from the individual to the social context in which literacy occurs.

How does Angela Clima define 'letramento' in her work?

Clima emphasized that children can demonstrate literacy behaviors even before they are formally literate, such as using language from a book in their play or oral activities, even if they don't know how to read.

How does Mary Kato's view of language differ from Angela Clima's perspective on literacy?

Mary Kato sees spoken language as a consequence of literacy, whereas Clima considers literacy practices to begin in the oral domain before formal reading and writing skills are developed.

What is the main debate between the concepts of alfabetização and letramento?

The main debate is whether 'alfabetização' (alphabetization) can sufficiently include the social practices of reading and writing, or whether 'letramento' should remain a separate term to emphasize these broader social contexts.

What did Emília Ferreiro believe regarding alfabetização and letramento?

Ferreiro argued that 'alfabetização' already includes the social practices of reading and writing, so there is no need for a separate term like 'letramento.' She believed the focus should be on the cognitive and social aspects of learning to read and write.

What is the perspective of authors like Ana Maria Galvão on the term 'cultura escrita' (written culture)?

Ana Maria Galvão prefers using the term 'cultura escrita' to refer to the symbolic and material aspects of written language in a given group, rather than separating alfabetização and letramento into distinct concepts.

How do authors like Soares and Arthur Moraes approach the relationship between alfabetização and letramento?

Authors like Soares and Moraes emphasize a combined approach, suggesting that alfabetização and letramento should be integrated, with the teaching of reading and writing being framed within social contexts, focusing both on the linguistic system and its social use.

What role does Paulo Freire's famous quote play in the discussion about alfabetização and letramento?

Paulo Freire's quote, 'the reading of the world precedes the reading of the word,' highlights the importance of understanding the world through social practices before mastering the formal skills of reading and writing. It underscores the idea that literacy is not just about technical skills but also about engagement with the world.