DÉCRYPTAGE : quels sont les effets du tourisme de masse ?
Summary
TLDRFrance welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the world's most visited country. Tourism significantly contributes to the French economy, generating over 2 million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP. Despite challenges like overburdened transportation and environmental impact, the government has established an inter-ministerial tourism council to address the sector's development. Measures such as entry fees in Venice and hotel construction bans in Barcelona and Amsterdam aim to mitigate mass tourism's negative effects, while Paris has increased Airbnb regulation. The industry's environmental footprint is also a concern, with tourism responsible for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Takeaways
- 🌍 France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world.
- 🏆 It ranks ahead of Spain, the United States, China, and Italy in terms of tourist arrivals.
- 💼 Tourism is a significant asset to the French economy, generating over two million jobs.
- 📈 It contributes more than 7% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
- 📊 Tourist revenues increased by 9% in 2017, following a sharp decline after the 2015 terrorist attacks.
- 🏛️ The French government established an inter-ministerial tourism council and a SAIT (Tourism Development Committee) in July 2010 to present the government's action plan for tourism.
- 🚌 The rise in tourism brings new challenges such as transport overload, increased noise pollution, and site degradation.
- 🏙️ There is also the issue of rising living costs and gentrification in city centers, where affluent social groups take over spaces originally occupied by less privileged residents.
- 🎟️ Venice has introduced an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season, starting from September 1, 2019, to finance the cleaning of its historic center.
- 🚫 Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers to mitigate the negative effects of mass tourism.
- 🏠 Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on Airbnb, which offers the largest accommodation portfolio in the capital cities worldwide.
- 🌳 Mass tourism has negative environmental impacts, with the tourism industry accounting for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to transportation.
Q & A
How many foreign tourists did France welcome in 2018?
-France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018.
What position does France hold in terms of being the most visited country in the world?
-France is the most visited country in the world.
Which countries follow France in terms of foreign tourist arrivals?
-Spain, the United States, China, and Italy follow France in terms of foreign tourist arrivals.
What is the significance of tourism to the French economy?
-Tourism is a major asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP.
How did the tourism revenue in France change in 2017?
-The tourism revenue in France increased by 9% in 2017.
What measures did the French government take to accelerate the development of the tourism sector?
-The French government established an inter-ministerial council for tourism in July 2010 and a SAIT (Tourism Development Committee) which meets twice a year to present the government action plan for tourism.
What are some of the challenges associated with the increase in tourist flows?
-Challenges include the overload of transportation means, increased noise pollution, degradation of sites, increased cost of living, and gentrification of city centers.
What measure did Venice decide to implement starting from September 1, 2019, to manage mass tourism?
-Venice decided to charge an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season for its 30 million annual visitors, starting from September 1, 2019.
What steps have Barcelona and Amsterdam taken to control tourism growth in their city centers?
-Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers.
What actions has Paris taken to regulate the use of Airbnb?
-Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on the Airbnb platform, which offers 60,000 rentals in Paris, the largest portfolio of any world capital.
What is the environmental impact of mass tourism as indicated by the script?
-Mass tourism has a negative impact on the environment, with 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions produced by the tourism industry, notably through transportation.
What mode of transportation did half of the tourists use to cross borders in 2018 according to the script?
-Half of the tourists used airplanes to cross borders in 2018.
Outlines
🗺️ France's Tourism Success and Challenges
France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world, ahead of Spain, the United States, China, and Italy. Tourism is a significant asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP. Despite a decline after the 2015 terrorist attacks, tourism revenue increased by 9% in 2017. The French government has taken measures to accelerate the development of the tourism sector, including the establishment of an inter-ministerial tourism council and a plan of action. However, mass tourism brings challenges such as transport overload, noise pollution, site degradation, increased cost of living, and gentrification. To mitigate these effects, cities like Venice introduced an entry fee, while Barcelona and Amsterdam banned new hotel constructions in city centers. Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for Airbnb abuses, which offers the largest accommodation portfolio among global capitals. The environmental impact of mass tourism is also highlighted, with the tourism industry contributing to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, largely through transportation.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Tourism
💡Tourist Overload
💡Gentrification
💡Environmental Impact
💡Governmental Action Plan
💡Tourist Tax
💡Airbnb
💡Interministerial Council
💡Economic Attractiveness
💡Sustainable Tourism
💡Tourism Revenue
Highlights
France hosted nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world.
Spain, the United States, China, and Italy follow France in terms of tourist arrivals.
Tourism is a major asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs.
Tourism represents more than 7% of France's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Tourist revenues increased by 9% in 2017 following a significant drop after the 2015 terrorist attacks.
The French government established an inter-ministerial tourism council in July 2010 to accelerate the development of the tourism sector.
The tourism council meets twice a year with elected officials and professionals to present the government's action plan for tourism.
The increase in tourist flows brings new challenges such as transport overload, noise pollution, and site degradation.
The rise in living costs and gentrification of city centers are concerns linked to mass tourism.
Gentrification refers to the appropriation of space by affluent social groups, displacing less privileged residents.
Venice introduced an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season, starting September 1, 2019.
Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers to mitigate the effects of mass tourism.
Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on Airbnb, the largest rental platform in the capital.
Airbnb offers 60,000 rentals in Paris, the largest rental pool of any global capital.
Mass tourism has negative environmental impacts, contributing to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Half of the tourists traveled by air in 2018, highlighting the industry's environmental footprint.
Transcripts
[Musique]
la france a accueilli près de 90
millions de touristes étrangers en 2018
c'est le pays le plus visité au monde
devant l'espagne les états unis la chine
et l'italie
le tourisme est un atout majeur pour
l'économie française
il génère plus de deux millions
d'emplois et représente plus de 7% de la
production intérieure brute le pid les
recettes touristiques ont également
augmenté de 9 % en 2017
après la forte baisse qui avait suivi
les attentats terroristes de 2015 afin
d'accélérer le développement du secteur
le gouvernement a instauré en juillet
2010 est un conseil interministériel du
tourisme le sait it et qui réunit deux
fois par an les élus et les
professionnels du secteur afin de leur
présenter le plan d'action
gouvernemental en faveur du tourisme
l'accroissement des flux touristiques
implique la gestion de nouveaux défis
comme la surcharge des moyens de
transport comme l'accroissement des
nuisances sonores ou encore la
dégradation des sites
l'augmentation du coût de la vie et la
gentrification des centres villes c'est
à dire l'appropriation par des
catégories sociales aisées d'un espace
initialement occupé par des habitants
moins favorisés afin d'atténuer les
effets négatifs du tourisme de masse
venise a décidé de faire payer dès le
1er septembre 2019 à chacun des 30
millions de visiteurs annuels
un droit d'entrée compris entre 2 euros
50 et 10 euros selon la saison
avec cette mesure la ville financera le
nettoyage du centre historique barcelone
et amsterdam
elles interdisent désormais la
construction de nouveaux hôtels dans
leur centre ville
de son côté paris a renforcé les
contrôles et les condamnations d'abus
constatés sur la plate forme de location
airbnb l'application internet propose à
paris 60000 location soit le plus grand
parc de toutes les capitales mondiales
le tourisme de masse a aussi des
retombées négatives sur l'environnement
5 % des émissions mondiales de gaz à
effet de serre sont produits par
l'industrie du tourisme notamment via
les transports
il est vrai qu'un touriste sur deux a
pris l'avion pour traverser les
frontières en 2018
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