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Summary

This video provides an in-depth guide to solving the issue of leaf curling in chili and tomato plants caused by pests like aphids, whiteflies, and mites. The speaker emphasizes that pruning should be a secondary solution, with the primary treatment being the use of systemic insecticides and acaricides to eliminate pests and their eggs. The video explains the science behind pruning, including the role of plant hormones like auxin and cytokinin, and offers practical advice on removing infected plant material to prevent further pest spread. Ongoing maintenance is crucial for long-term plant recovery and health.

Takeaways

• 😀 Use systemic insecticides and acaricides for leaf curling caused by pests like aphids and mites. These types of insecticides are more effective than contact-based ones, as they can reach difficult areas like eggs and larvae.
• 😀 Pruning the top shoots of the plant can be an alternative solution, but it doesn't always guarantee full recovery. Approximately 10% of plants may return to normal, while 90% may still show signs of curling.
• 😀 After treating with insecticides, balance fertilization is essential. Provide nitrogen-rich fertilizers to aid in leaf regeneration and to support the plant's recovery in the generative phase.
• 😀 Cutting off the top shoots of the plant alters its hormonal balance, stopping the production of auxins (growth hormones) and triggering the production of cytokinin, which promotes branching and new growth.
• 😀 Aphids and other pests carry viruses that cause leaf curling. It is not just the feeding of pests that causes the curling, but the virus they inject into the plant.
• 😀 To ensure that new shoots do not get infected, it is essential to remove all affected leaves and shoots. Simply cutting the top shoots while leaving infected lower leaves can result in new growth still being infected.
• 😀 Pruning should be followed by removing all affected plant parts and burning or disposing of them away from the planting area to prevent reinfection by pests or virus-contaminated material.
• 😀 The systemic insecticides used in step 1 continue to act for 10-21 days, killing any pests that hatch from eggs during that period, providing long-term pest control.
• 😀 In addition to systemic treatments, repeat spraying over several days ensures that all pests, including their eggs and larvae, are eradicated. This multi-step approach is key to pest control.
• 😀 After pruning and removing the affected parts, regular insecticide treatments (every 10 days) should be continued until the plant reaches the generative stage and begins to flower and fruit.

Q & A

What causes leaf curl in chili and tomato plants?

Leaf curl in chili and tomato plants is primarily caused by pests such as aphids, thrips, and mites. These pests inject viruses into the plants, leading to the curling of leaves, particularly in the younger, softer leaves.

What is the first step in treating leaf curl caused by pests?

The first step in treating leaf curl is to spray systemic insecticides and acaricides. These chemicals are absorbed by the plant and kill pests, including their eggs, throughout the plant, ensuring effective pest control.

Why should systemic insecticides and acaricides be preferred over contact ones?

Systemic insecticides and acaricides are preferred because they penetrate the plant and kill pests that are hiding in hard-to-reach areas, such as leaf veins. Contact insecticides only kill pests on the surface and do not affect eggs or pests hiding inside the plant.

What role do hormones like auxin and cytokinin play in the recovery process of the plant?

Auxin is a hormone responsible for promoting root growth. When the plant's tip is cut, the production of auxin is stopped, leading to the production of cytokinin. Cytokinin stimulates the growth of new branches and shoots, allowing the plant to recover and produce new growth.

Why might pruning the plant not always lead to recovery from leaf curl?

Pruning alone may not lead to recovery because if infected leaves are left on the plant, pests and viruses can continue to affect new growth. It’s essential to remove all infected leaves and plant parts to prevent the re-infestation of pests and viruses.

What is the correct way to prune a plant suffering from leaf curl?

The proper method is to cut the plant’s infected tips and branches, and then thoroughly remove all affected leaves. The removed plant parts should be disposed of properly, ideally burned or discarded far from the garden, to prevent the spread of pests and viruses.

What should be done with the plant parts after pruning to avoid further pest spread?

After pruning, the affected plant parts should be placed in a container, such as a plastic bag or bucket, and immediately disposed of by burning or discarding them far from the plant. This helps eliminate pests and viruses that may still be present.

How often should insecticide spraying be done after pruning to ensure effective pest control?

Insecticide spraying should be done every 10 days, with a total of three sprays per month, until the plant enters its generative phase (flowering and fruiting). This will ensure that any pests that survived the pruning are eradicated.

Why is it important to remove the leaves from the lower part of the plant when pruning?

It is important to remove the leaves from the lower part of the plant because these leaves can still harbor pests. If left intact, these pests can migrate to the new growth, causing the leaves to curl again.

How does the plant respond to pruning, and what is the expected outcome?

Pruning induces the production of cytokinin, which promotes the growth of new shoots and branches. Typically, two strong branches will emerge, and the plant should gradually recover with healthy new growth, provided that the leaves and infected parts have been removed properly.