Romantismo - Contexto Histórico [Prof. Noslen]

Summary

This script delves into the Romanticism movement, highlighting its historical context and its manifestation in literature, painting, music, and architecture. It contrasts Romanticism with Classicism, emphasizing individualism, emotion, and the glorification of nature and nationalism. The script also discusses the movement's spread to Portugal and Brazil, focusing on the sentimental and subjective aspects of Romantic literature, including the rise of the 'novel of sentiment' and the importance of the hero in Romantic prose and poetry.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Romanticism is an artistic movement that originated in Europe during the 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century, influencing literature, painting, music, and architecture.
• 📚 The movement is characterized by sentimentalism, emotion, and a focus on individualism, often featuring tragic love stories and a departure from the rationalism of the Enlightenment.
• 📖 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1774, is considered one of the first works to embody the Romantic spirit.
• 🏰 Romanticism in England is marked by the poetry of Lord Byron and the historical novels of Walter Scott, who helped establish the genre with his work 'Waverley'.
• 🇵🇹 In Portugal, Romanticism arrived later, at the end of the 18th century, and is distinct from the earlier Classicism and Neoclassicism.
• 📝 The Romantic prose and poetry in Portugal and Brazil often focus on national themes, heroism, and a deep connection with nature and the homeland.
• 🎨 Romantic literature is known for its long narratives, often with a central love story and tragic endings, reflecting the emotional depth and intensity of the movement.
• 🌳 There is a strong emphasis on nationalism and the exaltation of nature, with works often celebrating the beauty and history of the country.
• 🏰 The creation of a national hero is a central theme, with figures from the medieval period or indigenous peoples being romanticized as symbols of national identity.
• 📜 Romanticism also involves a return to the past, with a focus on historical battles and events that shaped the country, and a sentimental and subjective view of reality.

Q & A

What are the three divisions of Romanticism mentioned in the script?

The script mentions three divisions of Romanticism: Romanticism in historical context, Romanticism in Portugal, and Romanticism in poetry and prose.

When did Romanticism as an artistic movement begin and end?

Romanticism began in Europe during the 18th century and lasted until approximately the mid-19th century.

What are the main characteristics of Romanticism as described in the script?

The main characteristics of Romanticism include opposition to the classical model, sentimentalism, focus on individual emotions, the emergence of a consumer public, exaltation of nationalism, nature, and the homeland, idealization of society, love, and women, creation of a national hero, and a sentimental and subjective view of humanity.

What is the first work that brought the Romantic reality according to the script?

The first work that brought the Romantic reality was 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1774 in Germany.

How does Romanticism differ from Classicism in terms of structure and themes?

Romanticism opposes the classical model with long narratives focusing on love and individual emotions, often with tragic endings. It also emphasizes individualism, imagination, and the medieval period, contrasting with the universal ideas, rationalism, and classical antiquity of Classicism.

What are the key features of Romantic poetry and prose as discussed in the script?

Romanticism in poetry and prose is characterized by the ultra-romantic poetry, historical novels, sentimentalism, and a focus on the emotions and experiences of the individual.

How does the script describe the role of the public in the emergence of Romantic literature?

The script describes the public as a consumer public, with the emergence of Romantic literature being closely tied to the rise of newspapers, or 'folhetins', where chapters of romantic novels were published.

What is the significance of nationalism in Romanticism as per the script?

Nationalism in Romanticism is significant as it involves the exaltation of one's country, nature, and the homeland. It includes the creation of a national hero and a focus on the history and battles that shaped the nation.

How does the script contrast the sentimentalism in Romanticism with Classicism?

The script contrasts sentimentalism in Romanticism with the rationalism of Classicism, highlighting the intense emotions, love, and suffering in Romanticism as opposed to the rational and objective approach of Classicism.

What are the key differences between Romanticism and Neoclassicism as outlined in the script?

The script outlines that Romanticism is a reaction against Neoclassicism, with Romanticism emphasizing individualism, emotion, and medieval themes, while Neoclassicism focuses on classical antiquity, rationalism, and a more objective view of humanity.