Romantismo - Contexto Histórico [Prof. Noslen]

Professor Noslen

3 Jun 201913:20

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the Romanticism movement, highlighting its historical context and its manifestation in literature, painting, music, and architecture. It contrasts Romanticism with Classicism, emphasizing individualism, emotion, and the glorification of nature and nationalism. The script also discusses the movement's spread to Portugal and Brazil, focusing on the sentimental and subjective aspects of Romantic literature, including the rise of the 'novel of sentiment' and the importance of the hero in Romantic prose and poetry.

Takeaways

🌐 Romanticism is an artistic movement that originated in Europe during the 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century, influencing literature, painting, music, and architecture.
📚 The movement is characterized by sentimentalism, emotion, and a focus on individualism, often featuring tragic love stories and a departure from the rationalism of the Enlightenment.
📖 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1774, is considered one of the first works to embody the Romantic spirit.
🏰 Romanticism in England is marked by the poetry of Lord Byron and the historical novels of Walter Scott, who helped establish the genre with his work 'Waverley'.
🇵🇹 In Portugal, Romanticism arrived later, at the end of the 18th century, and is distinct from the earlier Classicism and Neoclassicism.
📝 The Romantic prose and poetry in Portugal and Brazil often focus on national themes, heroism, and a deep connection with nature and the homeland.
🎨 Romantic literature is known for its long narratives, often with a central love story and tragic endings, reflecting the emotional depth and intensity of the movement.
🌳 There is a strong emphasis on nationalism and the exaltation of nature, with works often celebrating the beauty and history of the country.
🏰 The creation of a national hero is a central theme, with figures from the medieval period or indigenous peoples being romanticized as symbols of national identity.
📜 Romanticism also involves a return to the past, with a focus on historical battles and events that shaped the country, and a sentimental and subjective view of reality.

Q & A

What are the three divisions of Romanticism mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions three divisions of Romanticism: Romanticism in historical context, Romanticism in Portugal, and Romanticism in poetry and prose.
When did Romanticism as an artistic movement begin and end?
-Romanticism began in Europe during the 18th century and lasted until approximately the mid-19th century.
What are the main characteristics of Romanticism as described in the script?
-The main characteristics of Romanticism include opposition to the classical model, sentimentalism, focus on individual emotions, the emergence of a consumer public, exaltation of nationalism, nature, and the homeland, idealization of society, love, and women, creation of a national hero, and a sentimental and subjective view of humanity.
What is the first work that brought the Romantic reality according to the script?
-The first work that brought the Romantic reality was 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1774 in Germany.
How does Romanticism differ from Classicism in terms of structure and themes?
-Romanticism opposes the classical model with long narratives focusing on love and individual emotions, often with tragic endings. It also emphasizes individualism, imagination, and the medieval period, contrasting with the universal ideas, rationalism, and classical antiquity of Classicism.
What are the key features of Romantic poetry and prose as discussed in the script?
-Romanticism in poetry and prose is characterized by the ultra-romantic poetry, historical novels, sentimentalism, and a focus on the emotions and experiences of the individual.
How does the script describe the role of the public in the emergence of Romantic literature?
-The script describes the public as a consumer public, with the emergence of Romantic literature being closely tied to the rise of newspapers, or 'folhetins', where chapters of romantic novels were published.
What is the significance of nationalism in Romanticism as per the script?
-Nationalism in Romanticism is significant as it involves the exaltation of one's country, nature, and the homeland. It includes the creation of a national hero and a focus on the history and battles that shaped the nation.
How does the script contrast the sentimentalism in Romanticism with Classicism?
-The script contrasts sentimentalism in Romanticism with the rationalism of Classicism, highlighting the intense emotions, love, and suffering in Romanticism as opposed to the rational and objective approach of Classicism.
What are the key differences between Romanticism and Neoclassicism as outlined in the script?
-The script outlines that Romanticism is a reaction against Neoclassicism, with Romanticism emphasizing individualism, emotion, and medieval themes, while Neoclassicism focuses on classical antiquity, rationalism, and a more objective view of humanity.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Romanticism

The speaker introduces the concept of Romanticism, explaining it as a movement divided into three aspects: historical context, Portuguese Romanticism, and the genres of poetry and prose. Romanticism emerged in Europe during the 18th century, lasting until the mid-19th century, and was a reaction against Classicism and Enlightenment rationalism. It emphasized emotion, individualism, and a focus on the sublime. The speaker mentions 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' as a seminal work that introduced the Romantic spirit. The lecture also touches on the Romantic movement's influence on literature, painting, music, and architecture, and its eventual arrival in Brazil towards the end of the 18th century.

05:02

💫 Characteristics of Romantic Literature

This section delves into the characteristics of Romantic literature, highlighting the opposition to Classicism and the emphasis on emotion, individualism, and the sublime. The speaker discusses the structure of Romantic prose, which tends to be lengthy and focused on love stories often with tragic endings. There's a focus on a central narrative with subplots, reflecting a sequence of time centered on an individual's feelings and experiences. The rise of a consumer public for these works is also mentioned, as well as the importance of nationalism, nature, and the idealization of love and women in Romantic literature. The lecture contrasts Romanticism with Classicism in terms of form, themes, and the role of the author, emphasizing the subjective and emotional aspects of Romantic works.

10:02

🌍 Nationalism and Sentimentalism in Romanticism

The final paragraph explores the themes of nationalism and sentimentalism within Romanticism. The speaker discusses how Romanticism exalts the beauty of one's country and its nature, often creating a national hero figure, such as medieval knights in Europe or indigenous people in Brazil. The movement is characterized by intense emotions, with love and suffering being particularly emphasized. The speaker also touches on the poet's struggle with reality and the tendency to escape into a world of imagination and nostalgia. The lecture concludes by encouraging further study of Romanticism in prose and poetry, and the speaker invites the audience to continue learning about Portuguese literature and language.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Romanticism

Romanticism is an artistic and literary movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century. It is characterized by its emphasis on emotion, individualism, and glorification of the past and nature. In the context of the video, Romanticism is explored as a reaction against the rationalism and classicism of the Enlightenment, with a focus on themes such as love, heroism, and the sublime. The video discusses how Romanticism manifested in different forms of art, including literature, painting, and music, and how it introduced new themes and styles that contrasted with the previous classical period.

💡Sentimentalism

Sentimentalism is a key aspect of Romanticism that emphasizes intense emotions and personal feelings. It is often characterized by a deep focus on the individual's emotional experiences and a tendency towards exaggerated expressions of love, sorrow, and other feelings. In the video, sentimentalism is discussed as a core element of Romantic literature, where characters are depicted as deeply feeling and often suffering due to their intense emotional states. The video mentions how this is reflected in the works of the time, with characters experiencing extreme emotional situations, such as unrequited love leading to despair.

💡Individualism

Individualism in the context of Romanticism refers to the focus on the individual's experiences, emotions, and personal identity. It contrasts with the collective and universal themes often found in classical art and literature. The video explains how Romanticism celebrated the unique experiences and emotions of individuals, often through the lens of personal struggle and self-discovery. This is exemplified in the video by the discussion of how Romantic literature often centers on the personal journeys and emotional depths of its characters.

💡Nationalism

Nationalism is a theme within Romanticism that celebrates the culture, history, and identity of a nation. It often involves the glorification of national heroes, landscapes, and folklore. In the video, nationalism is discussed as a significant aspect of Romantic literature, where authors would create stories that exalted the virtues of their homeland and its people. The video gives examples of how this manifested in European literature through the portrayal of medieval knights as national heroes, and in Brazilian literature through the idealization of indigenous peoples as symbols of national identity.

💡Heroism

Heroism in Romanticism is the portrayal of characters, often in exaggerated or idealized terms, as embodiments of courage, nobility, and virtue. These heroes are typically larger-than-life figures who represent the highest ideals of their society. The video discusses how Romantic literature often features heroes who are not only physically strong but also morally upright, often engaging in grand adventures or battles that reflect the values and aspirations of their nation.

💡Nature

The theme of nature in Romanticism is characterized by a deep appreciation and reverence for the natural world. Romantic artists and writers often depicted nature as a source of beauty, inspiration, and spiritual solace. In the video, nature is discussed as a central motif in Romantic literature, where it is not just a backdrop but a living, breathing entity that influences and interacts with the characters. The video mentions how Romantic poets and novelists would use descriptions of natural landscapes to evoke emotions and symbolize the inner states of their characters.

💡Imagination

Imagination is a key concept in Romanticism, emphasizing the creative and inventive powers of the mind over rational thought. It is often associated with the ability to envision the extraordinary, the fantastical, and the sublime. The video explains how Romanticism valued the imagination as a means to explore the depths of human emotion and experience, often leading to the creation of works that blurred the lines between reality and fantasy. This is exemplified in the video by the discussion of how Romantic literature often includes elements of the supernatural, the exotic, and the mysterious.

💡Poesia Ultra Romântica

Poesia Ultra Romântica, or Ultra-Romantic poetry, is a subgenre of Romantic poetry that is characterized by its extreme emotionalism and its focus on the sublime and the exotic. It is often marked by a highly ornate and expressive style. In the video, Poesia Ultra Romântica is mentioned as a significant development in English literature, with poets like Lord Byron being key figures. The video discusses how this form of poetry pushed the boundaries of emotional expression and thematic exploration, often dealing with themes of love, death, and the transcendent power of art.

💡Romance Histórico

Romance Histórico, or historical romance, is a genre of literature that combines elements of romance with historical settings and events. It often involves the retelling of historical stories with a focus on the personal lives and emotional journeys of the characters. The video discusses how historical romances, such as those by Walter Scott, were popular during the Romantic period. These works are noted for their detailed depictions of the past and their ability to evoke a sense of nostalgia and national pride.

💡Folhetim

Folhetim refers to a type of serialized literature that was popular during the Romantic period, particularly in Brazil. It often took the form of serialized novels or stories published in newspapers or magazines. The video mentions folhetins as a significant medium for the dissemination of Romantic literature, allowing for the widespread consumption of romantic narratives among the public. This format allowed readers to engage with the stories over time, often in daily installments, creating a sense of anticipation and engagement with the characters and their fates.

Highlights

Romanticism is divided into three aspects: historical context, Portuguese Romanticism, and subcategories of poetry and prose.

Romanticism emerged as an artistic movement in Europe during the 18th century, lasting until the mid-19th century.

Romanticism is characterized by sentimentalism, focusing on emotions, love, and sometimes tragic outcomes.

The first work to showcase Romantic characteristics was 'The Sorrows of Young Werther' by Goethe, published in 1774.

Romanticism in England is marked by the ultra-romantic poetry of Lord Byron and the historical novels of Walter Scott.

Romanticism in Portugal began in the late 18th century, influenced by European trends.

Romanticism opposes the classical model, emphasizing individualism and breaking away from previous rationalism and enlightenment.

Romanticism features long narratives, often with a central love story and a tragic or bittersweet ending.

The movement saw the rise of a consumer public, with romantic novels being serialized in newspapers of the time.

Romanticism exalts nationalism, nature, and the idealization of society, love, and women.

The movement is characterized by a focus on individual emotions and a subjective, egocentric perspective.

Romanticism contrasts with classicism by valuing imagination over reason and emotion over intellect.

The movement also saw a return to medieval themes and a focus on the characteristics of the bourgeoisie.

Romanticism in literature is marked by intense emotions, with love and suffering being central themes.

The movement includes a longing for the past, the creation of national heroes, and a focus on the beauty of the homeland.

Romanticism in Portugal and Brazil will be further explored in upcoming lectures, focusing on local manifestations of the movement.

The lecture encourages further exploration of Romanticism through additional resources and future classes.