🧪Paper Chromatography - Chemistry Experiment with Mr Pauller
Summary
TLDRThis video script details a chromatography experiment aimed at separating the pigments in a wet erase marker ink. By drawing a line on chromatography paper and submerging it in water, the pigments' different properties cause them to travel at varying speeds, resulting in a colorful separation. The experiment concludes with measuring pigment distances and calculating the Rf values to quantify their solubility and movement relative to water.
Takeaways
- 🔍 The experiment demonstrates chromatography to separate pigments in a wet erase marker ink.
- 🖊️ Wet erase markers contain water-soluble pigments, which are the subject of the separation.
- 📝 The process starts by drawing a line on chromatography paper with the marker.
- 🌊 The paper is then placed in a beaker with water, allowing capillary action to draw the water up the paper.
- ⏱️ The video is sped up to 16x to show the quick separation of pigments into different colors.
- 🎨 The original black ink separates into various pigments due to their distinct properties.
- 🏃♂️ Different pigments travel at different speeds because of their varying solubility and weight.
- 📏 Post-experiment, the distances traveled by each pigment and the water are measured for analysis.
- 📐 The measurement starts from a common point to ensure a fair comparison of pigment travel distances.
- 🌈 The maximum distance traveled by the water and each pigment is recorded for further calculations.
- 🔢 The Rf (retention factor) value is calculated for each pigment, with 1 indicating the same travel as water and 0.5 half that distance.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the chromatography experiment shown in the video?
-The purpose of the experiment is to separate the different pigments of ink present in a wet erase marker using chromatography paper and water.
Why are the pigments in a wet erase marker water-soluble?
-The pigments are water-soluble because wet erase markers are designed to be easily removed with water, which allows the pigments to dissolve and separate during the experiment.
How does the water cause the ink to separate on the chromatography paper?
-The water rises up the chromatography paper due to capillary action, carrying the ink pigments with it and causing them to separate based on their different properties.
What factors determine the speed at which the pigments travel up the paper?
-The speed at which the pigments travel is determined by their differing properties such as weight, solubility in water, and density.
Why does the ink appear black before the experiment begins?
-The ink appears black because the different pigments are mixed together and not separated, creating the appearance of a single black color.
What is the significance of measuring the distance traveled by each pigment?
-Measuring the distance traveled helps in analyzing the results of the experiment, as it allows for the comparison of how far each pigment has moved relative to the water.
How should the distances be measured for a fair comparison?
-For a fair comparison, all distances should be measured starting from the same point where the pigments began traveling, ensuring that the starting point for water and pigments is consistent.
What is the Rf (retention factor) value and how is it calculated?
-The Rf value is a measure used in chromatography to indicate the distance a pigment has traveled relative to the solvent. It is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the pigment by the distance traveled by the water.
What would be the Rf value for a pigment that travels the same distance as the water?
-The Rf value for a pigment traveling the same distance as the water would be 1, indicating that it has moved with the solvent front.
What would the Rf value indicate about a pigment if it were 0.5?
-An Rf value of 0.5 would indicate that the pigment has traveled only half the distance of the water, suggesting it is less soluble or more dense than the other pigments.
Outlines
🧪 Chromatography Experiment Introduction
This paragraph introduces a chromatography experiment designed to separate pigments from a wet erase marker ink. The experiment utilizes chromatography paper and water to demonstrate the separation process due to the pigments' different properties, such as solubility and weight. The video is sped up to show the quick separation into various colors, highlighting the principle behind the experiment.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Chromatography
💡Pigments
💡Wet Erase Marker
💡Chromatography Paper
💡Capillary Action
💡Solvent
💡Rf Value (Retention Factor)
💡Mobile Phase
💡Stationary Phase
💡Separation
💡Analysis
Highlights
The experiment aims to separate different pigments in wet erase marker ink using chromatography.
Wet erase markers contain water-soluble pigments.
Chromatography paper is used to draw a line with the marker ink.
The paper is inserted into a beaker with water to observe capillary action.
Capillary action causes the water to rise quickly, as shown in the 16x speed playback.
Ink separation into different colors is observed due to varying pigment properties.
Pigments with different solubility and weight travel at different speeds during chromatography.
The experiment concludes with the separation of pigment colors.
Analysis involves measuring the distance traveled by each pigment.
Fair comparison requires measuring from the same starting point for both water and pigments.
The maximum distance traveled by water and pigments is measured for analysis.
The playback continues to demonstrate the final pigment separation.
The Rf (retention factor) value is calculated for each pigment color.
An Rf value of 1 indicates a pigment travels the same distance as the water.
An Rf value of 0.5 suggests a pigment travels half the distance of the water.
The Rf value helps in understanding the relative movement of pigments in the chromatography process.
Transcripts
This video shows an example of a chromatography experiment. The goal of
the experiment is to separate the different pigments of ink which are
present in a wet erase marker which we'll see right here. So a Vi- a-Vis
marker is wet erase which means that the pigments are water-soluble.
We'll start our experiment by drawing a line with the marker on the
chromatography paper. Then what we want to do is insert that chromatography
paper into a beaker with a small volume of water in it. We can see that the water
will start to rise up the chromatography paper because of capillary action. You'll
note that it's happening very quickly because this is 16x speed playback
we can see that the ink which originally looked black is starting to
separate into different colors. This is because the different pigments have
different properties - some of them are heavier, some are lighter, some are more
soluble in water, some are less. Because of these differing properties all of the
different colors are going to travel at different speeds. By the completion
of our experiment we should see some very nice separation of the different
pigment colors. Now to do analysis of our results what we're going to want to do
is to measure the distance travelled by each pigment. Let's pause here for a
moment, so I want to measure the maximum distance traveled by the water and then
by each different pigment starting at the line drawn on the paper. To be fair
we should be comparing the distance traveled by the water starting from the
same point where the pigments started traveling. So we'll measure all of our
distances starting at this point. Looks like the maximum distance traveled by
the water reaches about to here and then we can measure the maximum distance
traveled by each of the different pigments. Let's continue our playback
The final part of our analysis will be to calculate an Rf (retention factor) value. This is going
to be a different calculated number for each different color pigment. For a
pigment which travels exactly the same distance traveled by water, which is the
solvent (or the mobile phase) in this experiment the Rf value would calculate
to be 1 that's because the distance traveled by the pigment would be the
same as the distance traveled by the water. If we had a pigment color which
travels half the distance of the water the RF value for that pigment would be
0.5
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