Fake news pandemic: Bakit marami ang nabibiktima ng Fake News sa social media | Need To Know
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into the psychology behind the spread and belief in fake news, termed 'disinformation', which contains falsehoods and can harm society, particularly democracies. It discusses concepts like confirmation bias, cognitive dissonance, and the influence of language and authority figures in propagating misinformation. The Philippines is highlighted as a significant player in this disinformation environment, with social media platforms taking action against inauthentic behavior. The solution involves a multifaceted approach, including fact-checking, media literacy, and technical literacy to discern truth online.
Takeaways
- 😀 Fake news is a misnomer; the more accurate term is 'disinformation', which includes not only false news but other forms of deceitful content.
- 🔍 Disinformation is characterized by the presence of falsehoods, potential harm to society, and an intent to deceive.
- 🌐 The impact of disinformation is particularly concerning in democracies where it can undermine the political process.
- 🧠 Confirmation bias plays a role in the spread of fake news, as people tend to seek out and believe information that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs.
- 🚫 Cognitive dissonance occurs when individuals hold beliefs that conflict with their actions, such as continuing to smoke despite knowing the health risks.
- 🗣️ Language and information are powerful tools in the hands of politicians and figures of authority, often used to propagate propaganda and rhetoric.
- 🤔 The term 'fake news' is sometimes used to deflect accountability or scrutiny, rather than to accurately describe false information.
- 🌐 Distrust in institutions can lead people to seek information from alternative sources, which may not be reliable but are popular due to their social capital.
- 🧲 People are drawn to charismatic individuals who provide a sense of comfort and alignment with their personal philosophies and moral compass.
- 🧭 Heuristics, or mental shortcuts, are used by individuals to make quick decisions, especially when time is limited and in-depth analysis is not possible.
- 📉 The Philippines has been identified as a significant source of disinformation, with tactics used there being exported to influence global events like the U.S. election and Brexit.
- 🛑 Social media platforms have taken steps to combat disinformation, such as removing accounts that violate policies against foreign or government interference.
- 👥 The spread of disinformation often occurs within close social circles and communities, where beliefs are reinforced through organic interactions.
- 🚫 The use of fear in the dissemination of fake news can be unethical, especially when it is intended to manipulate public opinion or secure votes.
- 🔒 The solution to combating disinformation involves a multifaceted approach, including fact-checking by journalists, media literacy campaigns, and improving technical literacy to discern truth online.
Q & A
What is the term used to describe not just news but other forms of deceitful content?
-The more encompassing term used is 'disinformation'.
What are the criteria for considering a piece of information as disinformation?
-The criteria include: it contains falsehood or distortion of facts, it can harm society, and it is intended to deceive or cause harm.
Why is the term 'fake news' considered an oxymoron in the context of news debates?
-In news debates, the expectation is that news should always be true and factual, making 'fake news' a contradictory term.
What psychological concept is often associated with people's belief in fake news?
-Confirmation bias, where people tend to align their belief systems with their activities and virtues.
What is cognitive dissonance, and how does it relate to the acceptance of fake news?
-Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced when holding contradictory beliefs. It relates to fake news as people may be uncomfortable accepting information that contradicts their existing beliefs.
How do language, words, and information act in the context of power and politics?
-Language, words, and information are described as the currency of power and politics, often used in propaganda and rhetoric to manipulate or deflect accurate information.
What role do alternative sources of information play in the spread of disinformation?
-Alternative sources, often lacking credibility, can spread disinformation when people, distrustful of institutions, seek information from these less reliable sources.
Why is it dangerous to create one's own philosophical beliefs or moral compass without critical analysis?
-It can be dangerous because it may lead to the acceptance of false or harmful ideas without questioning, hindering personal growth and potentially causing harm to society.
What is a heuristic, and how does it relate to the spread of fake news?
-A heuristic is a mental shortcut that helps make quick decisions. It relates to fake news as people may rely on these shortcuts instead of thorough analysis, making them more susceptible to accepting false information.
How have social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter responded to the issue of disinformation?
-They have taken measures such as removing accounts and pages that violate policies against foreign or government interference, spam, and manipulation.
What is the importance of addressing the issue of disinformation from a multifaceted approach?
-A multifaceted approach is important because it involves not just fact-checking by journalists or media literacy campaigns, but also technical and analytical literacy to discern truth from falsehood online.
Outlines
📰 The Psychology Behind Believing in Fake News
This paragraph delves into the concept of 'fake news' and its more academic term, 'disinformation'. It outlines the criteria that classify information as disinformation: the presence of falsehoods or distortions, potential harm to society, and the intent to cause harm. The paragraph also touches on how psychological factors such as confirmation bias, cognitive dissonance, and blind idolatry contribute to the spread and belief in fake news. It highlights the role of language and information as tools of power and how authorities may use disinformation for propaganda. The paragraph concludes with a note on how the biggest victims of disinformation are those who believe in it.
🌐 Disinformation in the Digital Age
Paragraph 2 discusses the current disinformation environment, noting the prevalence of anti-media rhetoric and the public's distrust of institutions. It explores how people turn to alternative sources for information, which may not be reliable but are popular due to their social capital. The paragraph also examines the personal nature of information seeking and the deep attachments people form to charismatic individuals. It warns of the dangers of creating personal philosophies and moral compasses that can hinder individual growth. The summary also mentions the use of heuristics as mental shortcuts that can lead to snap decisions and the role of social media in spreading disinformation, citing examples of coordinated inauthentic behavior and the removal of fake accounts on Facebook and Instagram.
🛡 Combating Disinformation: A Multifaceted Approach
The third paragraph addresses the issue of disinformation on social media platforms and the measures taken by these platforms to combat it, such as rules against spam and manipulation. It acknowledges that while platforms have made efforts, the creation of new accounts can continue the spread of disinformation. The paragraph emphasizes that trust and social relationships play a crucial role in the spread of false information, which can occur both online and offline. It also discusses the organic nature of belief change within communities and families. The paragraph warns against the misuse of fear in spreading disinformation and calls for a multifaceted solution involving journalists, civil society, and technical literacy education to discern truth from falsehood online.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Fake News
💡Disinformation
💡Confirmation Bias
💡Cognitive Dissonance
💡Propaganda
💡Media Literacy
💡Social Media
💡Heuristics
💡Fear
💡Accountability
💡Trust
Highlights
Fake news is an oxymoron as news should always be true and factual.
Disinformation is a more encompassing term for deceitful content beyond just news.
Criteria for disinformation include falsehood, potential harm to society, and intent to harm.
Psychological factors like belief and behavior play a role in the spread of fake news.
Confirmation bias leads individuals to align their beliefs with their activities and virtues.
Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is an incompatibility between belief systems.
Language and information are tools of power and politics, often used in propaganda and rhetoric.
Fake news is used to deflect accountability and scrutiny from media and regulators.
Anti-media populist rhetoric is prevalent, leading to distrust in institutions and reliance on alternative sources.
People seek information from alternative sources that may not be reliable but are popular due to social capital.
Deep attachments to charismatic individuals can lead to the creation of personal philosophies and moral compasses.
The Philippines is labeled as 'patient zero' for the spread of misinformation globally.
Facebook and Instagram have removed accounts from the Philippines for violating policies against foreign interference.
Twitter has also suspended accounts from the Philippines for spam and manipulation.
The spread of disinformation is not just online; it happens within immediate circles and families.
People who share fake news often do so from a position of concern, not necessarily malice.
Fear is a powerful tool in spreading fake news, but it becomes unethical when used for manipulation.
Combating fake news requires a multifaceted approach involving fact-checking, media literacy, and technical literacy.
Transcripts
why does it spread and why do we believe
it
so
on the psychology of fake news here's
what you need to know
first of all
fake news in scholarship in fact
news is an oxymoron because in in the
debate of news you should always be true
and factual right so the the more
technical term that is used it's more
encompassing it's not just news but
other forms of deceitful content is in
fact called disinformation now there are
criterias to uh what we consider this
information first is that you know it
contains falsehood or distortion of
facts second is that it can harm you
know society in particular especially in
the context of you know democracies and
the last one that is this thing uh for
this information and not misinformed is
the intent to harm
hindi nabago mahachismi's conspiracy
theories
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and the biggest victim talaga are those
who believe it
is psychologist
this is tied with our psychology belief
and behavior
and then a behavior let's look at three
concepts behind the psychology of faith
news
and confirmation bias
cognitive dissonance
at blind idolatry
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usually confirmation bias union in
textbook definition
we tend to create our own definition of
reality and we work towards aligning our
belief systems with our activities and
virtues when we talk about cognitive
dissonance
normally incompatible belief system
the example is smoking a cigarette
language word and information are the
currency of power and politics
figures of authority
propaganda at rhetoric
fake news to dismiss accurate
information
no fake news it's just used to deflect
accountability or questioning or
scrutiny from you know media from
regulators from my regulators man who
can you know who understands the
disinformation
environment we have we know that there's
a lot of anti-media populist uh
rhetoric being thrown around by the
state by other actors so
in in the in in the context where
there's heightened distrust of
institution where do you seek
information it's in the alternative
sources which are not people who can
really vouch for this information but
they do are out there and you know are
quite popular in fact because of that
you know social capital they have on
time
it's something very personal and usually
based on research then the male 1 of us
we have deep
attachments but charismatic human
individuals
because it makes us comfortable in the
philippines
dangerous
for example
creating our own philosophical
philosophies our own
moral compass
you
you what is good is right it doesn't
really make us grow as individuals but
putting them above everything else that
is when it becomes dangerous
in control
of your own destiny of your own journey
people strive to make sense of issues
heuristics
um it's a mental shortcut
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aside from being prone to making snap
decisions not everyone has the luxury of
time
for example you wanna interviews well
nobody has the time to you know
devote their whole four hours five hours
to listen to the difference
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across social media
a lot of reports actually label the
philippines as you know patient zero all
this information prices globally um and
whatever the you know strategies and
tactics executed in the u.s election
brexit campaign
filipinas
experimentation
misrepresentation and spam policies
including coordinated inauthentic
behavior and the use of fake accounts
they also removed 64 facebook accounts
32 pages and 33 instagram accounts
nanakmulaza pilipinas for violating
their policy against foreign or
government interference no september
2020.
january 2021 sinuspin on twitter and
accounts
rules on spam and manipulation on social
media platform
the thing is you know these these um
networks supposedly the platforms have
addressed this some of them may not be
done on content
accounts it's not enough because again
you can always create new ones even if
my management the thing is if if this
information is all about trust all about
social relationships that can happen
offline as well and i've seen that you
know it really happens within your
immediate circle you don't go to a
stranger and change their mind
they admit happens organically in your
own community in your own family even
and they like to think that people
who do not know it it's fake news are
number one um they're coming from a
position of concern
that they simply want to share in
premature
um
but but carrying the bayongnayong
sharing is caring it's not necessarily
really caring
concern
uh
of fake news
fear is important because we want a call
to action now fear becomes important
when we live when when when
when it is real
peru it becomes
immoral it becomes unethical if you use
fear
to get
votes or to get uh to do
for you to spread fake news because
at the end of the day what will happen
to people
um
they would or because
they will always make the wrong choices
the solution to this is multifaceted
it's not just the journalist doing fact
checking it's not just the civil society
doing media literacy campaigns it's the
technical literacy that's being taught
it's not really the analytical part of
things to discern what is true what is
falsehood online so i think we need to
double down on that in the same manner
it's the same thing
you
it doesn't really help anybody else
except
some of the benefits
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news
you
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