Viva Questions of CVS by Dr Junaid
Summary
TLDRDr. Gianetti from Aurora's new Medical University presents a comprehensive overview of pediatric cardiology in an examination setting. The lecture covers a range of topics including causes of tachycardia and bradycardia, types of pulses and murmurs, grades of murmurs, and characteristics of heart sounds. It delves into the specifics of systolic and diastolic murmurs, epic speed variations, and the clinical implications of palpable and impalpable epic speed. The talk is designed to prepare medical students for the rigors of clinical examinations, emphasizing the importance of understanding cardiac auscultation and its diagnostic significance.
Takeaways
- 📝 Dr. Gianetti is a senior in Pediatrics at Aurora New Medical University and will discuss various heart examination questions.
- 💓 Tachycardia can be caused by conditions like anxiety, heart failure, anemia, and tachyarrhythmias.
- 🔽 Bradycardia may be due to hyperthyroidism, leads, heart block, and certain drugs like digoxin.
- 👉 Relative bradycardia is associated with conditions such as hypothyroidism, direct trauma, infections, and increased intracranial pressure.
- 🌊 Shift of epicardial beat can be due to mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and other factors.
- 🚫 Causes of impalpable epicardial beat include thick chest wall, emphysema, and pericardial effusion.
- 🔨 Tapping epicardial beat is present in conditions where the first heart sound is loud, such as aortic stenosis.
- 💨 Heaving epicardial beat occurs when the heart has to eject a large volume of blood, as in aortic regurgitation.
- 🔊 Soft heart sounds can be caused by pericardial effusion, emphysema, or a thick chest wall.
- 📉 Loud P2 can be due to primary hypertension, while loud S1 is often associated with mitral stenosis.
- 🔍 The script also covers the grading of heart murmurs, with six degrees ranging from barely audible to audible without a stethoscope.
Q & A
What are the causes of tachycardia mentioned in the script?
-The causes of tachycardia include anxiety, heart failure, anemia, and tachyarrhythmias.
What factors can lead to bradycardia according to the script?
-Bradycardia can be caused by hyperthyroidism, heart block, and drugs such as digoxin, as well as increased intracranial pressure.
What are the causes of relative bradycardia?
-Relative bradycardia can be caused by deep breathing, severe infections, and increased intracranial pressure.
What are the different types of pulses discussed in the script?
-The script does not provide specific types of pulses, but it does mention various heart conditions and murmurs which can affect pulse characteristics.
What are the grades of murmurs and how many are there?
-There are six grades of murmurs, ranging from grade one, where the murmur is heard with extreme difficulty, to grade six, where the murmur is audible even without a stethoscope.
What causes a pansystolic murmur?
-Pansystolic murmurs are caused by conditions such as mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, and ventricular septal defect.
What is the cause of an ejection systolic murmur?
-An ejection systolic murmur is produced when the heart has to eject against a narrow passage, such as aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis.
What does the pitch of a murmur indicate?
-The script does not provide specific information about the pitch of a murmur, but generally, a higher pitch may indicate a more severe stenosis or regurgitation.
What are the causes of a loud P2 heart sound?
-A loud P2 heart sound can be caused by conditions such as primary hypertension.
What are the causes of a soft heart sound?
-Soft heart sounds can be caused by conditions such as pericardial effusion, emphysema, or a thick chest wall.
What are the characteristics of a tapping apex beat?
-A tapping apex beat is present when the first heart sound (S1) is soft and loud, and may be sustained or not, depending on conditions such as mitral regurgitation or aortic stenosis.
Outlines
👨⚕️ Medical Examination of Heart Sounds and Conditions
Dr. Gianetti and Revathi from Aurora New Medical University discuss various cardiac examination questions. They cover the causes of tachycardia and bradycardia, different types of pulses and murmurs, and the grading of murmurs. They delve into the specifics of systolic and diastolic murmurs, the pitch and character of heart sounds, and the conditions that affect the palpability and intensity of these sounds. They also mention the causes of soft heart sounds and loud P2, and the importance of understanding the characteristics of murmurs in diagnosing heart conditions.
🔍 Advanced Cardiac Assessment Techniques
This paragraph continues the medical lecture on cardiac examination, focusing on advanced assessment techniques. It discusses the different grades of murmurs and their audible characteristics, the causes of pansystolic and ejection systolic murmurs, and the physiological conditions that lead to these sounds. The paragraph also addresses the impact of patient positioning on the audibility of murmurs and the types of murmurs associated with specific heart conditions. Additionally, it touches on the examination of the precordial area for signs of heart failure and other relevant clinical signs.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Tachycardia
💡Bradycardia
💡Pulse
💡Murmur
💡Grades of Murmurs
💡Systolic Murmurs
💡Diastolic Murmurs
💡Epic Speed
💡Apex Beat
💡Heart Failure
💡Cardiac Auscultation
Highlights
Dr. Gianetti, a senior in Pediatrics at Aurora University, discusses various questions related to cardiac examination.
Causes of tachycardia include anxiety, heart failure, anemia, and tachyarrhythmias.
Bradycardia can be caused by hyperthyroidism, heart block, and certain drugs like digoxin.
Relative bradycardia is associated with conditions like hypothyroidism, lead poisoning, and increased intracranial pressure.
Different types of pulses and murmurs are discussed, including their characteristics and causes.
Murmurs are graded from one to six, with grade one being the softest and grade six the loudest.
Pansystolic murmur is caused by conditions such as mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation.
Ejection systolic murmurs occur when the heart has to eject against a narrow passage, such as aortic stenosis.
Pitch, character, and radiation of murmurs are important aspects in diagnosing heart conditions.
Third and fourth heart sounds are discussed, along with their causes and clinical significance.
Epic speed variations, such as tapping and heaving, are explained in relation to different cardiac conditions.
Causes of impalpable epic speed include thick chest wall, emphysema, and pericardial effusion.
Tapping epic speed is associated with conditions like aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation.
Soft heart sounds can be caused by pericardial effusion, emphysema, or a thick chest wall.
Loud P2 is indicative of conditions like primary hypertension, while loud S1 is associated with mitral stenosis.
The characteristics of murmurs, such as harshness and blowing nature, help in diagnosing stenosis and regurgitation.
Clinical examination techniques, such as precordial palpation, are crucial for diagnosing heart failure.
Signs of heart failure include crackles in the chest and peripheral edema, which are important for clinical assessment.
Transcripts
assalamu alaikum I am dr. Gianetti
Revathi and I am senior is draw in
Pediatrics Aurora new Medical University
today I am going to talk about the
different wave of questions that can be
asked in examination of recording and
the relevant the students may be asked
about what are the causes of tachycardia
one of the causes of bradycardia what
are the causes of rarity bradycardia
what are the different types of pulses
what are the different types of murmurs
what are the grades of murmurs what are
the powers of systolic murmurs one of
the guards of diastolic murmurs what are
the cause of pansystolic murmur what are
the causes of ejection systolic murmur
what do you mean the pitch of a murmur
what is the character of Omaha what is
intensity of Naga what is radiation of
Marmara which members exaggerate on
making the pollution laughs literal
which mother exaggerate on sitting
abandoning forward which member radiates
to the left shoulder which member
radiates to the neck murmur
radiates to the axilla and what are the
causes of third heart song what are the
causes of fourth heart sign and what is
epic speed their epic speed is felt what
are the different types of epic speed
what is tapping having speed what is
heaving epic speed
what is ill sustained leave what is well
sustained heal then what are the causes
of shift of epic speed what are Hardy
causes of shift of effect speed
what have non particles of shift of
effects made what are the causes in
which the epic speed is impalpable now
let's talk about in detail about these
power questions when the examiner asks
you about the key Korea then you need to
tell the causes of technicality through
feeble third opsin causes anxiety and
heart failure anemia tachyarrhythmias
when the examiner asks you about the
cost of bradycardia then you need to
tell about hyperthyroidism leads and
heart block and drugs like digoxin and
raise internal pressure when the
examiner asked you about causes of
relative bradycardia
they include and direct we were habitats
is like very infections and many jet is
two degrees internal pressure then and
then the examiner asks you about causes
of shift of epochs beat the positive
shift of FX which you drew the cardi
causes in the narcotic crosses the Qadri
causes include the mitral regurgitation
in the aortic regurgitation in the non
along with hypertension ischemic heart
disease and the Namrata causes of shift
of epic speech includes the left letter
or sitting for position of the patient
deformities of the chest and pulmonary
diseases engine and then the examiner
may ask you about what are the causes of
impalpable
epic speed the epic speed can be
impaired will can be impeccable with
this is a thick chest war with this is
destacar dr and then there is emphysema
there is a pericardial effusion then the
atmosphere may be impalpable and then he
then he may ask you what are the cause
of tapping epic speech the tapping of
epic speed is present in when the first
are so much lord loud and that is -
gnosis when there is he it may be
insistent it may be well sustain the
insistent if when the heart has to eject
a large volume of blood like in three
girls blood on a average an equivalent
PGI or at the heart of palm come apart
ah to squeeze it it'll sustain heave up
the air like mitral regurgitation and
like your degree vegetation
and well sustain he is been hard has to
eject against high resistance RB
decisions are that like have attention
like a optic stenosis and then the
examiner may asks you about work because
of soft heart songs with this
pericardial effusion when there's
emphysema in this thick chest wall the
heart songs may become soft yeah the
causes of loud p2 includes primary
hypertension and the causes of loud s1
include mitral stenosis about my de
sousa you need to know about two three
points the cause of love first not song
is madness gnosis all the members are
high-pitched except madness Knossos the
mother which exaggerates on Lafayette
Revolution is Myra stenosis so these are
three points about metastasis the member
which exaggerated to the left shoulder
is poppin the restenosis the memory is
rates to the neck is periodic stenosis
the murmur which existed which radiates
to the axilla is margin regurgitation
the murmur which becomes prominent with
the position when the patient takes life
leader position is - no sir
the murmur which becomes prominent when
the patient six ups and lean forwards is
the aortic regurgitation and the panel
is the vegetation air and B are the
members of right heart they increase in
intensity during inspiration in the
murmurs of nafta the increase in
intensity during expiration the murmurs
of stenosis
they are harsh or then harsh in in
cattle and the members of regurgitation
they are blowing in character
[Music]
then the examiner and they asked you
about the different grades of number the
different grades of number there are
actually six degrees of Mama in grade
one the murmur is heard with extreme
difficulty in grid to the mammal is
easily audible but it's not out in
greatly mama is love without the trim in
grateful the mother is loud with her
three grade three without three great
for with three great fight it is love
article outset of record iam in grade
six it is audible even without status
quo the causes of pansystolic murmur
include MDV since morning
MTV channel like music ten mtv mitral
regurgitation and dr and beast the cost
of each section systolic ejection the
heart has to eject against a narrow
narrow passage this astronomer is
produced the heart has to eject against
a narrow passage like aortic stenosis
like pulmonary stenosis about the cost
of - turn numbers not usually asked from
the undergraduates but from the most
generous they may be asked so the dash
board members are further you are going
to bethe historic and Emily down story
the midde a solid positive attacks only
intrude on model stenosis tricuspid
stenosis whereas the cause of early
diastolic include the otic
reconsideration and regurgitation
then the examiner may ask you about the
other relevant questions which are
include which are pertinent into the
examination of the precordial like
in particular by reducing your patient
then for that you need to see whether
there are religions Oslo moves pretty
key bruises splinter hemorrhages also
you know baby the examiner may ask you
is your patient in heart failure or not
then you need to see whether the Ovation
have crabs in the chest or the
peripheral edema thank you so much
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