Lec 63: Familiarity with Components - I

Summary

This lecture introduces various components utilized in power electronic converters, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right package for each component. It differentiates between through-hole and surface-mount device (SMD) packaging, highlighting the benefits of SMD for miniaturization and efficient PCB utilization. The lecture also touches on key specifications for resistors, such as resistance value, tolerance, and power rating, underscoring the necessity of matching component packages with PCB footprints for successful design.

Takeaways

• 📚 The lecture introduces various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic components, capacitors, and EMI filters.
• 🔍 Control circuits and sensing circuits are integral parts of power electronic converters, requiring small values of R, L, and C, as well as various ICs for their operation.
• 🔩 Traditional components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors come with leads and are mounted on PCBs through holes, which is referred to as through-hole packaging.
• 💡 Through-hole components require two holes in the PCB, and they are soldered from the opposite side where the component is placed.
• 📦 Different packages like PDIP, DIP, TO220, and TO18 are mentioned, each with specific sizes and applications for through-hole components.
• 🌐 Surface Mount Devices (SMD) are a newer packaging method that allows for miniaturization and more compact designs without the need for holes in the PCB.
• 🔗 SMD components are soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB, freeing up the other side for additional components or routing.
• 📏 SMD packages come in various sizes, such as 1806 and 1825, with different dimensions that can be chosen based on the desired compactness of the design.
• 🔌 Power semiconductor devices are typically not available in SMD packages due to their higher power ratings, and they usually come in through-hole packaging.
• 🔍 When selecting components, it's crucial to match the package type specified in the datasheet with the footprint on the PCB to ensure compatibility.
• 🔢 Resistors are essential in various circuits, and their key specifications include resistance value, tolerance, and power (wattage) rating, which are important for proper circuit design and functionality.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lecture on Design of Power Electronic Converters?

The lecture focuses on familiarizing students with various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic or inductors and transformers, capacitors, and EMI filters, as well as control circuits and miscellaneous sensing circuits.

Why are control circuits and sensing circuits important in power electronic converters?

Control circuits and sensing circuits are important as they are part of different sections of power electronic converters, used for controlling and sensing the operation of the power electronic converters.

What are through-hole components and how do they relate to PCB design?

Through-hole components are traditional electronic components that have leads at their ends, requiring two holes in the PCB for mounting. They are soldered from the backside of the PCB, which is opposite to the side on which the component is placed.

What is the difference between through-hole packaging and surface mount devices (SMD) packaging?

Through-hole packaging requires holes in the PCB and soldering from the backside, while SMD packaging does not require holes. SMD components are mounted directly onto the surface of the PCB using solder, allowing for more compact designs and better utilization of space on both sides of the PCB.

Why is miniaturization important in electronic design?

Miniaturization is important because it allows for smaller and more compact designs, which is essential in modern electronic devices where space is often limited.

What are some common types of SMD packages for resistors, capacitors, and ICs?

Common types of SMD packages include 1806, 1825 for resistors and capacitors, and SOT23, SOT223 for ICs. These packages vary in dimensions and are chosen based on the required size and compactness of the design.

Why is it important to match the package type in the PCB design with the component's actual package?

Matching the package type in the PCB design with the component's actual package is crucial to ensure proper mounting and soldering of the components. Using incorrect footprints can lead to manufacturing issues and potential device malfunction.

What are the key specifications to consider when selecting a resistor for a circuit?

The key specifications to consider when selecting a resistor include the resistance value, tolerance (how much the actual resistance can vary from the specified value), and the power or wattage rating, which is associated with the current passing through the resistor and the resulting I^2R losses.

How do the dimensions of SMD packages differ from through-hole packages?

SMD packages are generally smaller and more compact than through-hole packages. The dimensions of SMD packages are specified in terms of their surface area and, sometimes, height, whereas through-hole packages are identified by their lead configuration and casing size.

What is the significance of looking at the datasheet when selecting electronic components?

The datasheet provides critical information about the component, including the available packages, dimensions, electrical characteristics, and other specifications. It ensures that the selected component meets the design requirements and is compatible with the PCB layout.

Why might it be necessary to use through-hole packaging for certain power semiconductor devices?

Through-hole packaging might be necessary for power semiconductor devices due to their higher power ratings, which may not be achievable with SMD packaging. Through-hole packaging can provide better heat dissipation and mechanical support for these high-power components.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Introduction to Power Converter Components

The first paragraph introduces the topic of the lecture, which is the design of power electronic converters. It discusses the various components used in power converters, including power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, inductors, transformers, capacitors, and EMI filters. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of control circuits and sensing circuits, which are integral to the operation of power electronic converters. It also introduces the concept of through-hole components and their packaging, explaining how they are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) using leads and holes.

05:05

📦 Through-Hole vs. Surface-Mount Device Packaging

The second paragraph delves into the differences between through-hole and surface-mount device (SMD) packaging. It explains that through-hole components require holes in the PCB for soldering from the opposite side, while SMD components are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB, allowing for more efficient use of space. The paragraph also discusses the miniaturization benefits of SMD packaging and mentions various SMD packages for different electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and ICs. It highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate package based on the PCB design requirements.

10:06

🔍 Key Specifications for Resistors in Electronic Circuits

The third paragraph focuses on the key specifications to consider when selecting resistors for electronic circuits. It outlines the importance of knowing the resistance value, tolerance, and power or wattage rating of a resistor. The resistance value determines the amount of current the resistor will allow, while the tolerance indicates the acceptable variation in resistance. The wattage rating is crucial for ensuring the resistor can handle the power dissipation resulting from the current passing through it. The paragraph concludes by reminding the audience to match the component package with the PCB footprint during the design process.

Keywords

💡Power Electronic Converters

Power electronic converters are devices that convert electrical power from one form to another, often involving the control of high voltages and currents. They are essential in various applications, including renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. In the video, the script discusses the components used in these converters, highlighting the importance of understanding their design and function.

💡Hardware Design

Hardware design refers to the process of creating the physical components of a system, such as the layout of electronic circuits on a board. It is a critical aspect of engineering, ensuring that the designed system meets its functional requirements. The script emphasizes the importance of hardware design in the context of power electronic converters, discussing the components and their integration.

💡Power Semiconductor Devices

Power semiconductor devices are components that can handle and control high power levels in electronic circuits. They include diodes, transistors, and thyristors, which are crucial for the operation of power converters. The script mentions these devices as a key component in power electronic converters, indicating their role in managing power flow.

💡Heat Sinks

Heat sinks are components designed to dissipate heat generated by electronic devices, thereby preventing overheating and ensuring reliable operation. They are particularly important in power electronic converters, where components may generate significant amounts of heat during operation. The script identifies heat sinks as one of the components used in power converters.

💡Magnetics

Magnetics, in the context of power electronics, refers to components like inductors and transformers that utilize magnetic principles to store and transfer energy in a circuit. They are essential for filtering and energy conversion in power electronic systems. The script discusses magnetics as part of the components used in power converters.

💡Capacitors

Capacitors are electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They are used in power electronic converters for various purposes, including energy storage, voltage stabilization, and filtering of electrical signals. The script mentions capacitors as one of the components integral to the functioning of power converters.

💡EMI Filters

EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filters are designed to reduce or eliminate unwanted electromagnetic radiation that can interfere with the operation of electronic devices. They are crucial in power electronic converters to ensure that the devices operate without causing or being affected by EMI. The script includes EMI filters in the list of components used in power converters.

💡Control Circuits

Control circuits are electronic systems that manage and regulate the operation of other circuits or devices. In power electronic converters, control circuits are essential for ensuring that the power is converted and distributed efficiently and safely. The script discusses the need for control circuits in the context of power converters.

💡Through-Hole Packaging

Through-hole packaging is a method of mounting electronic components on a printed circuit board (PCB) where the component leads pass through holes in the board and are soldered on the opposite side. This type of packaging is contrasted with surface-mount technology in the script, highlighting the traditional approach to electronic component placement on PCBs.

💡Surface-Mount Devices (SMD)

Surface-mount devices (SMD) are a type of electronic component that is mounted directly onto the surface of a PCB without passing through holes. SMD components are generally smaller and more compact than through-hole components, allowing for higher density and miniaturization of electronic devices. The script discusses the advantages of SMD over through-hole packaging in terms of size and efficiency.

💡Resistors

Resistors are electronic components that oppose the flow of electrical current in a circuit, providing a specific amount of resistance. They are used in power electronic converters for various purposes, including current limiting, voltage division, and timing. The script explains the importance of resistors and their specifications, such as resistance value, tolerance, and power rating, in the design of power converters.

Highlights

Introduction to the lecture on the Design of Power Electronic Converters, focusing on hardware design and components used in power converters.

Discussion of power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, magnetic components, capacitors, and EMI filters as integral parts of power converters.

Emphasis on the importance of control circuits and sensing circuits in power electronic converters for control and monitoring.

Mention of the use of small values of R, L, and C, along with various ICs for different purposes in power converters.

Explanation of through-hole packaging for electronic components, including the need for holes in PCBs and soldering from the backside.

Description of the evolution in packaging from traditional through-hole to surface-mount devices (SMD) for miniaturization.

Advantages of SMD over through-hole packaging, such as smaller size, no need for PCB holes, and better utilization of space.

Different types of SMD packages available for various electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and ICs.

Importance of selecting the correct SMD package based on the required dimensions and space constraints in PCB design.

The necessity to match the component package specified in the datasheet with the footprint used in PCB design.

Discussion on the specifications of resistors, including resistance value, tolerance, and power rating.

The significance of understanding the power rating of resistors in relation to the current passing through them and the associated I^2R losses.

Highlighting the key points of the lecture, which include the variety of component packages and the importance of choosing the right one for PCB design.

The importance of careful selection and matching of component packages to ensure successful PCB design and functionality.

Transcripts

Welcome to the course on Design of Power  Electronic Converters. So, we were discussing  

hardware design. So, in this lecture, let us get  familiar with some of the components that are used  

in power converters. Now, many of the components  that are used in power electronic converters are  

by now, in the course, we have looked into are  the power semiconductor devices, heat sinks,  

magnetic or inductors and transformers then  capacitors, EMI filters all of it we have looked  

into. Now, let us look into some of the other  components that are used in power converters.  

So, mostly you will be having associated  control circuits and miscellaneous sensing  

circuits that will be there as part of different  sections of your power electronic converters  

apart from just the power electronic circuit.  So, there we will be needing small values of R  

L and C and various miscellaneous ICs. So, these ones are like your resistors this  

everybody is familiar with. So, this is  going to be used is very much used in your  

power electronic converter boards for  different purpose is especially your  

electronic circuits the miscellaneous electronic  circuits that are required for your control and  

sensing of your power electronic converters  and small inductors and capacitors.  

So, what we see here that these are the  traditional components and these have got leads  

added to ends. And when we want to put them  on a PCB, that is a printed circuit board,  

so, we have to have 2 holes in it. So, that  means, when we want to put it so this will be  

2 holes and through which if let us say we have to  put this capacitor, this capacitor is going to go  

into and this is your going to be the board. So, that is why these are called as your through  

hole components or the packaging is  called as the through hole packaging  

and when we use ICS there also if we go for this  through whole package, so there are different  

sizes in which they are manufactured.  So, it is a PDIP DIP but then this TO220  

this package and then there are TO18 so,  there are various different packages.  

So, package if we have to understand in very  simple way it is like whatever your component is  

in what package, what kind of casing, what kind  of leads it comes into that, that is your package.  

And when it is obtained in these manner,  where you have got the leads coming out which  

when you have to solder it into the PCB, so you  have to have good holes on it. And you have to  

solder it from the backside means opposite to the  side on which the component is placed. So that is  

your through hole and in that for different ICs  in different components and different types of  

through hole packaging are there. Then next type of package is your  

SMD surface mount devices. Now, this is  relatively newer than the through hole packaging.  

So, for example, if these are your SMD  resistors, now these are very small small,  

your components much smaller than the through  hole packaging in which your any component comes.  

Now, we are moving towards miniaturization. We  want everything to be very small and compact  

and so SMD packages they help us in making  it small and compact, because they are much  

smaller than the through hole package. Further you do not need the holes in the PCB,  

that means you do not have to place the component  on one side and may create the holes in the PCB  

and solder the component from the other side. That  means both the sides are then utilized or captured  

by one component when you are using a true hold  device, whereas when we use an SMD device, it is  

like you just have to stick it by the solder to  that surface is of the PCB and the other side of  

the PCB can be used for placing other components  or for routing or any other purpose.  

So, if we are not able to get the picture, so  it is let us say this is the SMD component. So,  

what we do is we place it like this and here  this is on these two sides, it is soldered. So,  

you do not have to have any holes and your  other side of the PCB that need not be that is  

not utilized by the one particular component  that you are soldering on another side.  

Now, this may not only comes for resistor, for  capacitors also their SMD you can see that these  

are your electrolytic SMD caps for small values  only, relatively small values only your SMD can  

be manufactured when the ratings become higher  then it is not possible to have SMD package then  

you have to go for a through hole packaging that  is why most of your power semiconductor devices,  

they come in your through hole  package and not in your SMD packaging.  

And in the SMD also there are different packaging  that means the dimensions are different.  

Now, here you can see that this one is in 1825  SMD package, this is the dimension 4.5 into 6.4,  

here the height is not mentioned only this, this  surface is mentioned that dimension is mentioned.  

And if you compare it with this one 1806 here you  can see that it is 4.5 into 1.6 that means this is  

further smaller. So, different packagings  are there so, how small and compact you want,  

you can choose the SMD package accordingly.  

And these are your SMD inductors  you can see that some of these  

inductors are SMD inductors and these are also  your SMD inductors and these are your diodes  

SMD diodes, and then these SMD transistors and  then these are your other regulator ICs which are  

also SMD. So, many of the electronic components  are now available in your SMD package. And in  

SMD also the various different packages are  there in them also they are manufactured.  

And for your ICS that we use in electronic ports,  they also your these SMD packaging are there here  

some of the pictures are shown your this SOT23,  SOT223 and further several other packages that  

are shown and here again some more packages of  these surface mounted technology for your ICs are  

shown here. Depending on how large or small you  want to make, how much space you have, you can  

decide the package of the IC that you need. So, important thing to note down is that when  

you go into the datasheet, you should  be looking for the package that you need  

and what are the packages in which the IC is or  the component is manufactured by the manufacturer,  

because not all packages may be provided by  the manufacturer, few different packages may  

of the same component may be available. And then when you design the PCB, then you  

should be careful that you put the footprint  of the same package and not the other. So,  

this matching is very important. You should have  the information of not only the component that you  

need, but also the component and which package  is what you are going to use in your board.  

Now, resistors this of course we know electronic  boats we need a lot in analog circuits and  

different sensing circuits that you may be using.  At several several other places you may be needing  

these kinds of small small resistors and resistors  you may be already knowing that there are various  

different types of resistors that are available,  we will not be going into it you can read on  

your own if you are interested in all that. Now, the important specifications of resistor that  

you should be knowing is that one  is the value of the resistance  

means how much ohm value you need,  and then you should know the tolerance  

means can you tolerate plus minus 5 percent  of the value that you need or plus minus 10  

percent or plus minus one percent? How much  is the change in the resistance value that  

can happen that is usually given by  the when the resistor is specified.  

And then the next thing is the  wattage rating or the power rating  

means do you need half watt resistor or 1 watt  resistor 5 watt resistor, what is the power  

rating of the resistor that you require? It is  basically associated with your I squared R losses,  

how much current will be passing through that  resistor and how much I squared R losses will  

be happening that you should be aware of and  then you should be choosing the resistor of  

the correct wattage. So, these are the three  important specifications for your resistors.  

So, the key points of this lecture  are that that there are different  

packages for the same component, and each  package has got different dimensions. So,  

if you have 2-3 different types of packages  in which the component is being manufactured,  

so those 3 different packages will have 3  different dimensions. And you should choose  

the package. What do you need and then be careful  to use the same one in your board. Thank you.