KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI DALAM PARAGRAF

Summary

In this lesson on Indonesian language and literature, the focus is on cohesion and coherence in writing. The presenter explains key concepts such as the unity of ideas and how different markers like repetition, synonyms, pronouns, and conjunctions contribute to a cohesive paragraph. Various paragraph development patterns, including general-specific, cause-effect, and classification, are also discussed. The importance of logical relationships between sentences is emphasized, alongside a deeper dive into paragraph structures such as deductive and inductive formats. Practical examples are used to illustrate how these elements strengthen the clarity and flow of written discourse.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cohesion and coherence are key elements for creating a unified and logical discourse in writing.
• 😀 A good paragraph must demonstrate both unity (cohesion) and logical flow (coherence) to be effective.
• 😀 Cohesion in a paragraph is achieved by using words that link different parts of the text together, such as pronouns, synonyms, and repetitions.
• 😀 The eight markers of cohesion in writing include addition, repetition, pronouns, synonyms, general-specific patterns, sequence, examples, and conjunctions.
• 😀 Coherence refers to the logical relationship between ideas, ensuring that sentences and paragraphs are connected and maintain focus on the main idea.
• 😀 A coherent paragraph must ensure that the supporting ideas are relevant and contribute to the development of the main idea.
• 😀 There are different types of paragraphs based on where the main idea is located, such as deductive (main idea at the start), inductive (main idea at the end), and mixed paragraphs (main idea at both the start and end).
• 😀 The general-specific paragraph pattern starts with a broad idea, followed by more specific details, while the specific-general pattern begins with a specific idea and moves to a broader context.
• 😀 Various paragraph development patterns exist, including cause-and-effect, illustration, analogy, contradiction and comparison, analysis, and classification.
• 😀 The importance of understanding coherence and cohesion lies in ensuring that every part of the discourse is meaningfully connected and supports the overall argument or narrative.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the discussion of cohesion and coherence in the Indonesian language, focusing on how these concepts contribute to creating unity in discourse, particularly in paragraphs and essays.

What are cohesion and coherence, and why are they important?

Cohesion refers to the elements in a text that link different parts of a paragraph or essay together, such as repeated words, pronouns, or conjunctions. Coherence, on the other hand, is the logical relationship between sentences or ideas, ensuring they are related and contribute to the overall meaning of the discourse. Both are crucial for forming a unified, understandable paragraph or essay.

How does repetition contribute to cohesion in a paragraph?

Repetition helps create cohesion by reinforcing key ideas within a paragraph. For instance, repeating a specific term, like 'Javanese architecture,' links different sentences, showing they refer to the same topic and are connected in meaning.

What role do pronouns play in creating cohesion?

Pronouns replace specific nouns or terms mentioned earlier in the text, maintaining continuity and preventing redundancy. For example, 'he' or 'they' can replace a proper noun or subject previously mentioned, thus ensuring the paragraph flows smoothly.

What is the difference between 'general-specific' and 'specific-general' paragraph development patterns?

'General-specific' starts with a broad statement and then narrows down to more specific details (deductive pattern). On the other hand, 'specific-general' begins with specific details and concludes with a general statement (inductive pattern).

What is an example of an addition marker in a paragraph?

An addition marker is a word or phrase that adds information to the idea already presented. Examples include 'besides,' 'moreover,' and 'also.' These terms signal the continuation or expansion of an idea within the text.

How does the use of synonyms contribute to cohesion?

Synonyms help maintain cohesion by providing variety in word choice while keeping the meaning consistent. For example, using 'supervising' and 'seeing' in the same paragraph allows the writer to avoid repetition while conveying the same idea.

What is the importance of the conjunctions 'and,' 'but,' and 'then' in a text?

Conjunctions like 'and,' 'but,' and 'then' are crucial for connecting ideas and sentences. They indicate relationships between actions or ideas, such as adding information ('and'), contrasting ideas ('but'), or showing sequence ('then').

How does the paragraph development pattern of 'cause-effect' work?

The 'cause-effect' pattern explains a situation by first presenting the cause (the reason) and then discussing the effect (the result). It can be used in a deductive pattern where the cause comes first, or in an inductive pattern where the effect is explained before the cause.

What is the purpose of the 'general to specific' pattern in paragraph development?

The 'general to specific' pattern begins with a broad, overarching statement or concept and then moves on to more detailed, specific information. This pattern helps the reader understand the broader context before diving into the finer details of the topic.