RESUMÃO: Variação linguística | ProEnem

Summary

Professor Felipe Moraes explains the concept of linguistic variation, emphasizing that languages constantly evolve due to factors like time, context, social groups, and regions. He breaks down four types of linguistic variants: temporal (historical), situational (contextual), social, and regional (geographic). These variants demonstrate how language adapts in different scenarios, such as formal or informal contexts, specific social groups, and regional dialects. Moraes also highlights how slang and jargon spread beyond their original circles due to globalization and the internet, impacting language usage worldwide. This content is essential for understanding linguistic diversity in exams like ENEM.

Takeaways

• 😀 Linguistic variation refers to the diversity and changes in language over time, influenced by social, regional, and situational factors.
• 😀 A language undergoes changes as society evolves, with each language having different variants that reflect these changes.
• 😀 The standard norm of a language is the variant taught in schools, while other variants are used in everyday life and communication.
• 😀 Temporal (historical) variation shows how language changes over time, like changes in spelling or grammar.
• 😀 Situational (contextual) variation involves adapting language based on the communication context, such as formal or informal settings.
• 😀 Social variation highlights how language differs across social groups, influenced by factors like age, profession, and gender.
• 😀 Slang is a form of informal language used by specific social groups, while jargon is specialized language used within professional fields.
• 😀 Slang can spread beyond its original group due to globalization and the internet, but jargon remains mostly confined to professional communities.
• 😀 Regional variation involves differences in language usage across geographic areas, such as accents and regional vocabulary.
• 😀 The four types of linguistic variation—temporal, situational, social, and regional—often occur simultaneously in communication, influencing how we speak.

Q & A

What is linguistic variation?

Linguistic variation refers to the diversity within a language, where different variants exist depending on factors like time, context, social groups, and region. It highlights the way language changes over time and adapts to various social and situational contexts.

What is the standard norm in linguistic variation?

The standard norm is a selected linguistic variant that is taught in schools and considered the model for formal language use. It is often contrasted with other variants that exist in everyday communication.

What is the temporal or historical variant of language?

The temporal variant, also known as the historical variant, refers to the changes in language usage over time. An example is the change in the spelling of the word 'idea' after the new orthography rules were implemented.

How does situational or contextual variation manifest in language?

Situational or contextual variation involves adapting language according to the situation. For instance, we use a more formal language in an interview and a more informal language when talking to a friend. The language adapts depending on the context, audience, and the moment.

What is the role of social groups in linguistic variation?

Social variation reflects how language varies based on an individual's social group, which can be influenced by factors like age, gender, profession, and social upbringing. This leads to the use of slang or jargon, depending on the group an individual belongs to.

What is the difference between slang and jargon in social variation?

Slang refers to informal language used within specific social groups, like the slang used in certain music or subcultures, while jargon is the specialized language used in professional settings, such as medical or legal jargon.

How has globalization influenced the spread of slang and jargon?

Globalization, through platforms like the internet, has allowed slang to spread beyond its original social group, making it more widely known. Jargon, however, remains more restricted to its professional context and is less likely to become mainstream.

What is the regional variant of language?

The regional or geographic variant, also known as the diatopic variant, involves differences in language use depending on geographic location. This includes differences in accent and regional vocabulary, such as the words 'cassava' and 'manioc,' which refer to the same thing but differ by region.

How do regional variants differ between Brazil and Portugal?

Brazil and Portugal have distinct regional variants, such as differences in accent, vocabulary, and certain expressions. Despite speaking the same language, these regional differences are noticeable in daily communication.

Can multiple linguistic variants occur simultaneously in one conversation?

Yes, multiple linguistic variants can coexist in a single conversation. For instance, an individual might use a regional accent, adapt their language to the context (formal or informal), and use social group-specific slang, all at the same time.