✅Como surgiram Itália e Alemanha? aula 26 resumo completo para o ENEM

Summary

This video script explores the complex historical events of the 19th century, focusing on the Franco-Prussian War, the rise of the German Empire, and the political turmoil in France. The script delves into the downfall of Napoleon III, the Paris Commune's brief existence, and the harsh Treaty of Frankfurt that led to the cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. Additionally, it highlights Italy's unification, the unresolved Roman Question, and the eventual resolution with the Lateran Treaty of 1929. The narrative highlights key moments of conflict, nationalism, and diplomatic negotiations that shaped modern Europe.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Franco-Prussian War led to the collapse of the French Empire, overthrowing Napoleon III and establishing the Third Republic in France.
• 😀 A revolt broke out in Paris after the French surrender, resulting in the formation of the Paris Commune in 1871, which was later suppressed by the German forces.
• 😀 The Treaty of Frankfurt in 1871 marked the creation of the German Empire, with Wilhelm I being declared Emperor at the Palace of Versailles.
• 😀 The German Empire's creation led to the annexation of the French territories of Alsace and Lorraine, which fueled long-lasting resentment in France, known as the 'French Revenge.'
• 😀 The animosity between France and Germany persisted for decades, contributing to the tensions leading up to World War I.
• 😀 Italy took advantage of the situation by annexing Rome in 1870, but the Pope refused to recognize Italian unification, calling himself a 'prisoner of the Vatican.'
• 😀 The 'Roman Question' remained unresolved for decades, with the Pope not recognizing Italy's annexation of Rome.
• 😀 The Roman Question was officially resolved in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty, where the Pope recognized Italian unification, and Italy granted Vatican City independence.
• 😀 The Treaty of Frankfurt and its aftermath led to the formation of a new European political landscape, significantly altering relations between France, Germany, and Italy.
• 😀 The French desire for revenge after the loss of Alsace and Lorraine was a driving factor in the diplomatic and military tensions leading to World War I.

Q & A

What event led to the formation of the Third French Republic?

The Third French Republic was formed after the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War and the subsequent overthrow of Napoleon III, which sparked a revolt in Paris and led to the declaration of a republic.

What was the Paris Commune, and why did it come about?

The Paris Commune was a short-lived socialist government that arose in 1871 during the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. It resulted from dissatisfaction with the French government's surrender to Germany and its handling of the war, leading to a revolt in Paris.

How did the Germans contribute to the end of the Paris Commune?

The Germans, having won the war, eventually invaded Paris and helped crush the Paris Commune in 1871, bringing an end to the short-lived revolutionary government.

What role did the Treaty of Frankfurt play in the creation of the German Empire?

The Treaty of Frankfurt, signed in 1871, marked the formal end of the Franco-Prussian War and led to the creation of the German Empire. It also resulted in France ceding the territories of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.

What was the significance of the French territories of Alsace and Lorraine being ceded to Germany?

The cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany created deep resentment in France, fueling a desire for revenge, often referred to as 'La revanche,' which lasted until World War I.

How did the Franco-Prussian War affect France’s political landscape?

The Franco-Prussian War led to the collapse of Napoleon III's empire and the establishment of the Third French Republic. The defeat also led to political instability and popular dissatisfaction with the government’s handling of the war.

What role did the Vatican play in the unification of Italy?

During the unification of Italy, the Vatican was opposed to the annexation of Rome, as it was under papal control. The Pope refused to recognize the new Italian state, considering himself a prisoner of the Vatican until the Lateran Treaty of 1929.

How was the issue between the Vatican and Italy resolved?

The issue was resolved in 1929 with the signing of the Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Vatican. This treaty recognized the Vatican as an independent state and resolved the 'Roman Question' by confirming the Pope's sovereignty over Vatican City.

What was the significance of the German unification ceremony held at the Palace of Versailles?

The German unification ceremony at the Palace of Versailles in 1871 marked the official proclamation of the German Empire, with King Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned as the first German Emperor. It symbolized the culmination of Germany's unification under Prussian leadership.

Why did Italy take advantage of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870?

Italy took advantage of the Franco-Prussian War by seizing the opportunity to annex Rome in 1870, as French forces were withdrawn to fight the war, leaving the Pope's territories vulnerable to Italian expansion.